Hello Bharat Sharma,

Please give us the appropriate reference and website for the details of
this " Gypsum Chamber Technique" (albeit its apparent operational and
maintenance complexity in the developing countries !). Thank you.

Professor Kenneth Iwugo, Ph.D, C.Chem, FCIWEM, ILTM
Academic Advisor, CIWEM Postgraduate Continuing Professional Development
Programme;
Research and Consultancy Services in Water Quality and Waste Management.
Water and Environmental Management Research Centre
Faculty of Engineering
Lunsford House, Cantock Close, Bristol, BS8 1UP
Tel: +44(0)117 9546834
Fax:+44(0)0117 928 9770
E-Mail: Kenneth.Iwugo@...


--On 07 March 2006 14:05 +0530 Bharat Sharma <b.sharma@...> wrote:

> Dear Colleagues,
>
> For use of high pH water for irrigation and other purposes a very simple
> technique known as " Gypsum Chamber Technique" has been developed. In
> this technique, high pH water from a tubewell is led into the inlet of a
> suitably designed chamber holding gypsum clods. The raw water passes
> through the chamber and moves up and finally is discharged through the
> outlet. Depending upon the pH thickness of gypsum bed and passage time
> is designed. This reaction substantially reduces the pH and makes the
> water usable. Further details on Chamber design, size of clods etc. are
> available.
>
> For tubewell facing frequent encrustation, two things need to be done.
> First always use high quality PVC pipes instead of GI pipes which are
> more prone to encrustation. Secondly, occasional flushing with sulfamic
> acid removes all the encrustation and keeps the well/ pipes in good
> working condition for a longer time.
>
> Best regards.
>
> Bharat R Sharma
> International Water Management Institute
> Asia Regional Office, New Delhi
>
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: "Dr.N.Rajmohan" <nrm_72@...>
> To: <gwrm@...>
> Sent: Tuesday, March 07, 2006 12:14 PM
> Subject: Re: [gwrm] Re: Treatment for high pH water
>
> Dear Dr.Susana
>
> Greetings
>
> Thank you very much for your information and suggestions. As the water
> scarcity is a major problem in Oman, we are planning and searching
> suitable method for the treatment of enormously available high pH water.
> The usage is not restricted to domestic or agricultural or industries.
>
> Further, high pH water accelerates encrustation and deposition on
> well's screens and casing as well as on pipes. This encrustation impairs
> well design within very short time, and reduces the lifetime of wells
> and pipelines. Hence, we are expecting both treatment as well as
> remediation (field scale) to solve this problem.
>
> Once again thank you very much for your information.
>
> bye for now
> regards
> Rajmohan
>
>
> Susana Realica-Turner <Susana.Realica-Turner@...> wrote:
> Dear Dr Rajmohan,
>
> The appropriate water treatment for your problem will also depend on
> the water's end use.
> For small domestic water supply, naturally you would be looking for a
> cheap and simple water treatment method and for large water supply you
> may have to go for industrial treatment which requires a water treatment
> plant. To give you an idea, the different treatment methods are
> explained on this web link
> http://www.ext.nodak.edu/extpubs/h2oqual/watsys/ae1045w.htm
>
> Most water softeners substitute Na for Ca. In your case this will not
> work because you already have high Na over Ca. Your sample is also very
> saline which indicates you may have to go for reverse osmosis. If the
> end use for this water is drinking, you will need consult the drinking
> water standards in your country to find out what levels you need the
> water treatment to decrease those high ion levels. You could be looking
> at a combination of water treatment method.
>
> Hope this helps,
> Susana
>
>>>> <gwrm@...> 03/02/06 4:20 am >>>
>
> Date: Mon, 27 Feb 2006 22:14:32 -0800 (PST)
> From: "Dr.N.Rajmohan" <nrm_72@...>
> Subject: Treatment for high pH water
>
> Dear Members
>
> I am looking for a suitable treatment method for high pH water
> (greater than 10). It is originated from Oman Ophiolite as the product
> of modern, low temperature serpentinization.
>
> Below, I am giving the range of chemical constituents in this water
> samples
>
> EC (microS/cm) - 500 -20,000
>
> pH - 10 - 13
>
> HCO3 - 0 -700 ppm
> CO3 - 2 - 100 ppm
> Cl - 75 - 4700 ppm
> SO4 - 10 - 700 ppm
>
> Ca - 1 - 1000 ppm
> Mg - 1 - 50 ppm
> Na - 40 - 3080 ppm
> K - 2 - 622 ppm
>
>
> Can anyone please send me the information about treatment methods and
> relevant reprints?
>
> Thanks in advance
>
> Regards
>
> Rajmohan