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#248 From: "Pankaj Oudhia" <pankajoudhia@...>
Date:: Thu Jun 8, 2006 7:54 pm
Subject:: FW:Biofuels and Industrial Biotech: World Congress Early Registration Deadline E
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Due to delayed release of our expanded breakout program

   Early Registration  is Now Extended to June 12

World Congress on Industrial Biotechnology & Bioprocessing
We have just expanded the program to six breakout tracks with over
250 speakers!

  July 11 - 14, 2006
Toronto, Canada

Confirmed plenary speakers include
Dalton McGuinty - Premier of Ontario
Thomas Dorr -Undersecretary for Rural Development, USDA
Christian Patermann - European Commission Director of Biotechnology
Jens Riese  -  Principal, McKinsey & Company
Dr.  Lee Lynd  -Thayer School of Engineering-Dartmouth  University
Susan Hunt  - Biofuels Project Manager, Worldwatch Institute
Fernando Reinach - CEO, Alellyx, and Director, Votorantim New
Business  Brazil

  2 for 1 SPECIAL -- Registrants for the World Congress will be
allowed to attend the
AgriFood Innovation Forum at no additional charge
(Two conferences for the price of one!)
Register Now (click here)


   6  Session Tracks -- Biofuels and Bioenergy, Ag Feedstocks for
Biorefining, Industrial Biotech for Chemical Platforms, Industrial
Biotech for Manufacturing, Bioprocessing and Novel Applications and
Intellectual Property, Business Development and Forest Product and
Paper Processing

IMPORTANT:   When registering online for the 2006 World Congress,
the default price of registration will be the non-member fee.  In
order to register at the member, additional attendee, academic,
government, or speaker rates please email worldcongress@... with
your request, including complete contact information.  Once your
request has been approved, you will receive a unique registration
code to enter online while registering which will grant you the
appropriate reduced rate fee for registration.

For Further Details on registration and both conferences please
visit our website at www.bio.org/worldcongress

Special Hotel Rates are currently available for all World Congress
participants through The Westin Harbour Castle!  Until June 10th,
2006 registrants can enjoy the discounted rate of $239 Canadian
dollars for a Single/Double Room.   Book Now!  Space is limited!
Canadian vacation and holiday packages are available from Tourism
Toronto.


Save the Date!
NABC 17
June 27 to June 29, 2005
Renaissance Hotel , Nashville, Tennessee

___________________________________________
Susanne Lipari
Executive Coordinator
National Agricultural Biotechnology Council (NABC)
419 Boyce Thompson Institute
   http://nabc.cals.cornell.edu/?
Cornell University                              phone:  607-254-4856
Ithaca, NY 14853                                 fax:        607-254-
1242
*************************************************

#247 From: jatropha@...
Date:: Tue May 30, 2006 5:46 pm
Subject:: New file uploaded to jatropha
jatropha@...
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Hello,

This email message is a notification to let you know that
a file has been uploaded to the Files area of the jatropha
group.

   File        : /kamar.pdf
   Uploaded by : pankajoudhia <pankajoudhia@...>
   Description : Hindi Article on Jatropha by Pankaj Oudhia

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Regards,

pankajoudhia <pankajoudhia@...>

#246 From: jatropha@...
Date:: Tue May 30, 2006 5:46 pm
Subject:: New file uploaded to jatropha
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Hello,

This email message is a notification to let you know that
a file has been uploaded to the Files area of the jatropha
group.

   File        : /krishi.pdf
   Uploaded by : pankajoudhia <pankajoudhia@...>
   Description : Hindi Article on Jatropha by Pankaj Oudhia

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pankajoudhia <pankajoudhia@...>

#245 From: jatropha@...
Date:: Tue May 30, 2006 5:46 pm
Subject:: New file uploaded to jatropha
jatropha@...
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Hello,

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a file has been uploaded to the Files area of the jatropha
group.

   File        : /bhook.pdf
   Uploaded by : pankajoudhia <pankajoudhia@...>
   Description : Hindi Article on Jatropha by Pankaj Oudhia

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#244 From: "Pankaj Oudhia" <pankajoudhia@...>
Date:: Tue May 23, 2006 6:45 pm
Subject:: Success story of Pongamia or Karanj Biodiesel.
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'According to South Indian lore, if you have a pongamia tree in your
backyard and sit under it every day, you will receive the nourishment
and vitality you need to overcome problems caused by extremes of wind,
water, or fire. This bit of folklore may prove to be prophetic. The
pongamia tree has the potential for transforming the struggling
villages of today into tomorrow's havens of prosperity and
tranquility, and at the same time, restoring their rich heritage of
rural self-sufficiency.'

For complete story visit at
http://www.himalayaninstitute.org/SacredLinkMission/Biofuel.aspx

#243 From: "Pankaj Oudhia" <pankajoudhia@...>
Date:: Tue May 23, 2006 6:38 pm
Subject:: All about Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre
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#242 From: "Pankaj Oudhia" <pankajoudhia@...>
Date:: Tue May 23, 2006 6:40 pm
Subject:: Research on Bio-diesel Karanj around the world
pankajoudhia
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References
[These references are from the Biological Abstracts database and are
courtesy of SilverPlatter Information. For more information re
SilverPlatter, go to www.silverplatter.com. References are listed
alphabetically by author within years, with most recent references
first; addresses of author(s) have been included when available. To
search within this page, we suggest using Find in Page, within the
Edit menu of the Web Browser.]

Kalia, S. and R. B. Lall (2000). Efficacy of three varietal toxins
of Bacillus thuringiensis tested against some important forest
insect pests of multipurpose forest tree species. Indian Forester.
[print] January 126(1): 62-66. {a} Himalayan Forest Research
Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India


Singh, A., A. K. Jha, et al. (2000). Effect of nutrient enrichment
on native tropical trees planted on Singrauli Coalfields, India.
Restoration Ecology. March 8(1): 80-86. {a} Department of Botany,
Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India


Arathi, H. S., K. N. Ganeshaiah, et al. (1999). Seed abortion in
Pongamia pinnata (Fabaceae). American Journal of Botany. May 86(5):
659-662. {a} Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 219
Hodson Hall, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA


Naidu, C. V., S. P. S. Srinivasa, et al. (1999). Performance of some
tree species in alkali soil. Indian Forester. May 125(5): 508-512.
{a} Department of Biotechnology, S.V. University, Tirupati, AP,
India


Park, S. Y. and A. Furukawa (1999). Photosynthetic and stomatal
responses of two tropical and two temperate trees to atmospheric
humidity. Photosynthetica Prague 36(1-2): 181-186. {a} Department of
Agronomy, College of Agriculture, KyungPook National University,
Sankyuk-Dong 1370, Bukgu, 702-701, Tacgu, South Korea


Singh, K. and J. S. P. Yadav (1999). Effect of soil salinity and
sodicity on seedling growth and mineral composition of Pongamia
pinnata. Indian Forester. June 125(6): 618-622. {a} Forest Research
Institute, Dehra Dun, India


Singh, K. P., P. K. Singh, et al. (1999). Litterfall, litter
decomposition and nutrient release patterns in four native tree
species raised on coal mine spoil at Singrauli, India. Biology and
Fertility of Soils. Aug. 29(4): 371-378. {a} Centre of Advanced
Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India


Srivastava, K. K., R. Prabhakaran, et al. (1999). Effect of
nodulation on biomass of some arid zone tree species. Indian
Forester. [print] December 125(12): 1265-1268. {a} Silviculture
Division, Arid Forest Research Institute, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India


Deka, M. K., R. Handique, et al. (1998). Effect of aqueous plant
extracts on longevity and fecundity of tea mosquito bug. Crop
Research Hisar 16(1): 102-105. Plant Protection Dep., TRA, Tocklai
Exp. Stn., Jorhat-785 008, India


Deka, M. K., K. Singh, et al. (1998). Bioefficacy of aqueous plant
extracts on viability of eggs and subsequent development of tea
mosquito bug. Crop Research Hisar 16(2): 260-264. {a} Dibrugarh
Univ., TRA Tocklai Exp. Stn., Jorhat-785 008, India


Deka, M. K., K. Singh, et al. (1998). Antifeedant and repellent
effects of pongam (Pongamia pinnata) and wild sage (Lantana camara)
on tea mosquito bug (Helopeltis theivora). Indian Journal of
Agricultural Sciences 68(5): 274-276. {a} Sugarcane Res. Stn.,
Dergaon, India


Lal, S. (1998). Rehabilitation of Ganga Khadar and Khola areas of
western zone of U.P. by utilizing tall planting technique. Indian
Forester 124(2): 99-115. {a} Western Zone, Bareilly, UP, India


Md, J. M. (1998). Control of leaf-miners and other leaf-feeders
infesting angsana and pongamia trees of Malaysia via trunk
injection. Journal of Tropical Agriculture and Food Science. Dec. 26
(2): 159-164. {a} MARDI Headquarters, Strategic, Environment and
Natural Resources Research Centre, 50774, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia


Palanisamy, K., S. A. Ansari, et al. (1998). Adventitious rooting in
shoot cuttings of Azadirachta indica and Pongamia pinnata. New
Forests 16(1): 81-88. Trop. For. Res. Inst., Mandla Road, Jabalpur-
482 021, India


Purohit, M., Jamaluddin, et al. (1998). Studies on germination and
seed-borne fungi of some forest tree species and their control.
Indian Forester 124(5): 315-320. Forest Pathol. Div., Tropical
Forest Res. Inst., Jabalpur, India


Rahangdale, R. and N. Gupta (1998). Selection of VAM inoculants for
some forest tree species. Indian Forester 124(5): 331-341.
Microbiol. Lab., Sch. Life Sci., Pt. Ravishankar Shukla Univ.,
Raipur, India


Williams, P. R. (1998). Post fire regeneration of tree seedlings in
a revegetation site at Townsville, north Queensland. Proceedings of
the Royal Society of Queensland 107: 89-92. {a} Townsville, 4810,
Australia


Chinnathurai, A. K., R. Vivekanandan, et al. (1997). Response to
fertilizer and micro-nutrients in the nursery of some forest
species. Indian Forester 123(4): 273-279. {a} Pesticide Testing
Lab., Coimbatore, India


Hiremath, I. G., Y. J. Ahn, et al. (1997). Insecticidal activity of
Indian plant extracts against Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera:
Delphacidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology 32(1): 159-166. {a}
Dep. Agric. Biol., Coll. Agric. Life Sci., Seoul Natl. Univ., Suwon
441-744, South Korea


Krishnamurthy, K. V., N. Venugopal, et al. (1997). Tension phloem in
some legumes. Journal of Plant Anatomy and Morphology Jodhpur 7(1):
20-23. {a} Dep. Plant Sci., Sch. Life Sci., Bharathidasan Univ.,
Tiruchirapalli 620 024, India


Murugesan, S., S. Kumar, et al. (1997). Blister beetles as a threat
to medicinal/ornamental plants of arid and semi-arid regions. Indian
Forester 123(4): 341-344. Div. Forest Protection, Arid Forest Res.
Inst., Jodhpur, India


Palanisamy, K. and P. Kumar (1997). Seasonal variation on
adventitious rooting in branch cuttings of Pongamia pinnata Pierre.
Indian Forester 123(3): 236-239. Tropical Forest Res. Inst.,
Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India


Sasmal, D., S. S. Mahli, et al. (1997). Preliminary study on the
effect of purified Pongamia oil on liver and kidney functions in
rats. Fitoterapia 68(1): 35-38. {a} Dep. Pharm. Technol., Birla
Inst. Technol., Mesra 845 215, Ranchi, India


Shukla, A., S. C. Pathak, et al. (1997). Evaluation of some plant
extracts as repellents against shoot and fruit borer, Earias
vittella Fab. in okra crop. Geobios Jodhpur 24(1): 35-39. {a} Dep.
Entomol., JNKVV, Jabalpur-482 004, India


Singh, R. K., G. Nath, et al. (1997). Pharmacological actions of
Pongamia pinnata roots in albino rats. Indian Journal of
Experimental Biology 35(8): 831-836. {a} Dep. Pharmacol., Inst. Med.
Sci., Banaras Hindu Univ., Varanasi 221005, India


Singh, S. (1997). Description of a new and notes on some other
species of Encyrtus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) parasitising scale
insects in Assam, India. Oriental Insects 31: 419-426. Forest
Protection Div., Inst. Rain Moist Deciduous For. Res., Na-ali,
Jorhat-785 001, Assam, India


Srivastava, K. K., P. K. Gupta, et al. (1997). Antifungal activity
of plant products on spermoplane fungi of Azadirachta indica (NEEM)
seeds. Indian Forester 123(2): 157-161. Arid Forest Res. Inst.,
Jodhpur, India


Verma, R. K., Jamaluddin, et al. (1997). Die back of leguminous
trees in young plantations caused by Haplosporella in central India.
Indian Forester 123(7): 652-655. Forest Pathol. Div., Trop. Forest
Res. Inst., Jabalpur, MP, India


Akhtar, A. H., K. D. Ahmad, et al. (1996). Antiulcer effects of
aqueous extracts of Nigella sativa and Pongamia pinnata in rats.
Fitoterapia 67(3): 195-199. {a} P.C.S.I.R. Laboratories, Peshawar,
Pakistan


Chandrasekharan, H., A. Singh, et al. (1996). Land and water
management in a degrading micro-watershed in Haryana. Indian Journal
of Agricultural Sciences 66(7): 429-433. Indian Agric. Res. Inst.,
New Delhi 110 012, India


Chaturvedi, A. N. and H. M. Behl (1996). Biomass production trials
on sodic site. Indian Forester 122(6): 439-455. {a} Tata Energy Res.
Inst., New Delhi, India


Cheng, W. E., F. W. Horng, et al. (1996). The response of four
windbreak trees to fertilization during planting in Penghu. Taiwan
Journal of Forest Science 11(3): 303-313. {a} Div. Silviculture,
Taiwan Forestry Res., 53 Nan-Hai Road, Taipei, Taiwan


Gera, M., H. S. Ginwal, et al. (1996). Performance of seventeen
different multipurpose tree species under semi arid region of
Central India. Indian Forester 122(3): 250-257. Div. Silviculture,
Trop. Forest Res. Inst., Jabalpur, MP, India


Gupta, V. P., Govindaiah, et al. (1996). Plant extracts: A non-
chemical approach to control Fusarium diseases of mulberry. Current
Science Bangalore 71(5): 406-409. Central Sericultural Res. and
Training Inst., Srirampura, Mysore 570 008, India


Khan, M. A. (1996). Amount and mode of distribution of phloem fibres
in the bark of some leguminous forest trees. Acta Botanica Indica 24
(1): 39-40. Women's Coll., Aligarh Muslim Univ., Aligarh 202002,
India


Lal, S. (1996). Rehabilitation of fly ash dump yard Shaktinagar
super thermal power station through afforestation. Indian Forester
122(9): 777-782. C.C.F. Western Zone, Bareilly, India


Manonmani, V., K. Vanangamudi, et al. (1996). Effect of seed size on
seed germination and vigour in Pongamia pinnata. Journal of Tropical
Forest Science 9(1): 1-5. Forest Coll. Res. Inst., Tamil Nadu Agric.
Univ., Mettupalayam 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India


Nautiyal, S., D. S. Negi, et al. (1996). Effect of water stress and
antitranspirants on the chlorophyll contents of the leaves of
Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre. Indian Forester 122(11): 1018-1022.
Plant Physiology, Botany Div., Forest Res. Inst., Dehra Dun, India


Palanisamy, K. (1996). Environmental impact on photosynthetic
characteristics and nitrate reductase activity in Pongamia pinnata
trees. Photosynthetica Prague 32(1): 149-152. Tropical Forest Res.
Inst., P.O.-R.F.R.C., Mandla Road, Jabalpur 482 021, India


Pokhriyal, T. C., S. P. Chaukiyal, et al. (1996). Nitrogen fixation
and nodulation behaviour in relation to seasonal changes in six
multipurpose tree species. Indian Forester 122(8): 718-726. Plant
Physiology, Botany Div., Forest Res. Inst., Dehra Dun, India


Ram, M. R. and K. V. Mallaiah (1996). Biochemical changes in legume
leaves infected by species of Pseudocercospora. Indian Forester 122
(12): 1157-1160. Dep. Bot., Nagarjuna Univ., Guntur, Andhra Pradesh,
India


Rao, M. S., P. P. Reddy, et al. (1996). Potential use of botanicals
for the development of formulation of the bio-control fungus
Verticillium lecanii (Zimm.) Viegas. Zeitschrift fuer
Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz 103(4): 436-439. {a}
Entomology Nematology Div., Indian Inst. Horticultural Res.,
Hessaraghatta Lake, Bangalore-560089, India


Shibuya, H. and I. Kitagawa (1996). Chemical study of Indonesian
medicinal plants. Yakugaku Zasshi 116(12): 911-927. {a} Fac. Pharm.
Pharm. Sci., Fukuyama Univ., Sanzo, 1 Gakuen-cho, Fukuyama,
Hiroshima 729-02, Japan


Singh, R. K., V. K. Joshi, et al. (1996). Pharmacological actions of
Pongamia pinnata seeds - a preliminary study. Indian Journal of
Experimental Biology 34(12): 1204-1207. {a} Dep. Pharmacol., Inst.
Med. Sci., Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India


Singh, R. K. and B. L. Pandey (1996). Anti-inflammatory activity of
seed extracts of Pongamia pinnata in rat. Indian Journal of
Physiology and Pharmacology 40(4): 355-358. {a} Dep. Pharmacol.,
Inst. Med. Sci., Banaras Hindu Univ., Varanasi-221 005, India


Trivedi, P. and A. J. T. Johnsingh (1996). Roost selection by Indian
peafowl (Pavo cristatus) in Gir forest, India. Journal of the Bombay
Natural History Society 93(1): 25-29. {a} WWF-India, Ahmedabad Div.
Office, 'Sundarvan', Jodhpur Tekra, Ahmedabad 380 015, India


Bhatnagar, A. and V. K. Sharma (1995). Relative efficacy and
residual toxicity of margosa (Azadirachta indica) and indian beech
(Pongamia pinnata) oils in stemborer (Chilo partellus) of maize (Zea
mays). Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 65(9): 691-693. {a}
Zonal Agric. Res. Stn., Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya,
Jagdalpur, Madhya Pradesh 494 005, India


Chandel, R. S., R. Chander, et al. (1995). Non-edible oils as
feeding-deterrent to apple-defoliating beetle (Brahmina coriacea).
Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 65(10): 778-779. {a}
Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur 176 062, India


Chang, T. T. (1995). Zonate leaf spot on three woody plants in
Taiwan. Bulletin of Taiwan Forestry Research Institute New Series 10
(2): 235-240. Div. Forest Protection, Taiwan Forestry Res. Inst., 53
Nan-Hai Rd., Taipei, Taiwan


Kulkarni, N., K. C. Joshi, et al. (1995). A new report of Ascotis
selenaria imparata Walk. (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) as a pest of
Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre. Indian Forester 121(3): 239-240.
Forest Entomol. Div., Tropical Forest Research Inst., Jabalpur,
Madhya Pradesh, India


Rai, A. N. and B. Rai (1995). Two new hyphomycetes from India.
Mycological Research 99(8): 1004-1006. {a} Dep. Botany, Dr H. S.
Gour University, Safar-47003, M.P., India


Rao, M. S., R. P. Tewari, et al. (1994). Integrated management of
mushroom nematode (Aphelenchoides composticola). Indian Journal of
Agricultural Sciences 64(12): 878-881. {a} Div. Entomol. Nematol.,
Indian Inst. Hortic. Research, Bangalore, Karnataka 560 089, India


Sutomo, S. and U. Sutisna (1994). The occurrence of medicinal plants
as the undergrowth of a virgin forest at Pasir Pangarayan, Riau, and
some traditional therapy practised by local people. Buletin
Penelitian Hutan(563): 43-56.


Agrawal, B., Hemlata, et al. (1993). Two new flavone glycosides from
Pongamia pinnata. International Journal of Pharmacognosy 31(4): 305-
310. Dep. Chem., Univ. Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, India


Choi, S., S. W. Lagakos, et al. (1993). CD4 positive lymphocytes are
an incomplete surrogate marker for clinical progression in persons
with asymptomatic HIV infection taking zidovudine. Annals of
Internal Medicine 118(9): 674-680. {a} Dep. Epidemiol.
Biostatistics, McGill University, Purvis Hall, 1020 Pine Ave. West,
Montreal, PQ H3A 1A2, Canada


Elanchezhiyan, S. R., P. Rajendran, et al. (1993). Antiviral
properties of the seed extract of an Indian medicinal plant,
Pongamia pinnata, Linn., against herpes simplex viruses: In vitro
studies on Vero cells. Journal of Medical Microbiology 38(4): 262-
264. {a} Dep. Microbiol., Dr. A.L.M. Post Graduate Inst. Basic Med.
Sci., Taramani, Madras-600 113


Naidu, C. V. and P. M. Swamy (1993). Effect of shade on growth,
biomass production and associated physiological parameters in
Pongamia pinnata (Linn.) Pierre. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology
36(4): 212-214. Dep. Botany, Sri Venkateswara Univ., Tirupati 517
502, India


Peluso, E., R. G. Mlodawski, et al. (1993). Utilising the Western
Australian soil profile database for research and land management.
Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33(2): 253-256.
Western Aust. Dep. Agriculture, Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, W.A.
6151, Australia


Ram, M. R. and K. V. Mallaiah (1993). Pseudocercospora pongamiae
pinnatae, new species from India. Mycological Research 97(1): 127-
128. Dep. Botany, Nagarjuna Univ., Nagarjunanagar, 522 510 A.P.,
India


Swaminathan, C., R. S. V. Rai, et al. (1993). Improving seed
germination of Derris indica by vertical sowing. Journal of Tropical
Forest Science 6(2): 152-158. Forestry Res. Stn., Tamil Nadu Agric.
Univ., Mettupalayam 641 301, India


Totey, N. G., A. Prasad, et al. (1993). Cation exchange capacity of
roots of forest tree species. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil
Science 41(1): 158-160. Tropical Forest Res. Inst., RFRC Post
Office, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh 482 021, India


Bhattacharyya, R. N. and P. S. Basu (1992). Studies on the root
nodules of leguminous trees: V. Production of indole acetic acid by
a Bradyrhizobium sp. from the root nodules of a leguminous tree,
Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. Journal of Basic Microbiology 32(4):
219-225. {a} Dep. Botany, Univ. Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104,
West Bengal, India


Chaturvedi, O. P. and A. N. Jha (1992). Studies on allelopathic
potential of an important agroforestry species. Forest Ecology and
Management 53(1-4): 91-98. {a} Dep. Forestry, Rajendra Agric. Univ.,
Pusa 848 125, India


Jha, A. K. (1992). Evaluation of coal mine spoil as a medium for
plant growth in a dry tropical environment, India. Indian Forester
118(12): 909-916. Dep. Botany, Banaras Hindu Univ., Varanasi, U.P


Kamalakar, J. A. (1992). Response of plants to auto exhaust
pollution. Acta Botanica Indica 20(1): 84-88. Sch. Environ. Sci.,
Jawaharlal Nehru Univ., New Delhi 110 067, India


Kapoor, V. P., R. Banerji, et al. (1992). Leguminous seeds:
Potential industrial sources for gum, fat and protein. Journal Of
Scientific And Industrial Research 51(1): 1-22.


Kitagawa, I., R. S. Zhang, et al. (1992). Indonesian medicinal
plants: II. Chemical structures of pongapinones A and B, two new
phenylpropanoids from the bark of Pongamia pinnata (Papilionaceae).
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin Tokyo 40(8): 2041-2043. {a}
Fac. Pharmaceutical Sci., Osaka Univ. 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka
565, Japan


Nag, A. and S. Matai (1992). Chemical composition of some fodder
trees in and around Calcutta. Indian Veterinary Journal 69(5): 411-
414.


Sharms, S. D., K. G. Prasad, et al. (1992). Development of
technology for afforestation of sodic soils: I. Leguminous species.
Indian Forester 118(8): 547-559. {a} Div. Ecology Conservation,
Forest Res. Inst., Dehra Dun, India


Singh, K., J. S. P. Yadav, et al. (1992). Tolerance of trees to soil
sodicity. Journal Of The Indian Society Of Soil Science 40(1): 173-
179.


Tanaka, T., M. Iinuma, et al. (1992). Flavonoids in root bark of
Pongamia pinnata. Phytochemistry 31(3): 993-998.


Gupta, G. N. (1991). Effects of mulching and fertilizer application
on initial development of some tree species. Forest Ecology And
Management 44(2-4): 211-222.


Gupta, H. C., S. S. Bareth, et al. (1991). Bio-efficacy of edible
and non-edible oils against pulse beetle (Callosobruchus chinensis
L.) on stored pulses and their effect on germination. Agricultural
And Biological Research 7(2): 101-107.


Singh, K., J. S. P. Yadav, et al. (1991). Tolerance of trees to soil
salinity. Journal Of The Indian Society Of Soil Science 39(3): 549-
556.


Tarig, S. M., R. Agarwal, et al. (1991). Unsaponifiable lipid
constituents of ten Indian seed oils. Journal Of The American Oil
Chemists' Society 68(3): 193-197.


Mathur, Y. K., J. P. Srivastava, et al. (1990). Juvenomimetic
effects of karanjin on the larval development of flesh fly,
Sarcophaga ruficornis Fabr. (Cyclorrhapha: Diptera). Journal Of
Entomological Research 14(1): 44-51.


Singh, K. (1990). Effect of soil salinity and sodicity on seedling
growth and mineral composition of Pongamia pinnata and Araucaria
cunninghamii. Tropical Ecology 31(2): 124-130.


Singhal, V. K., B. S. Gill, et al. (1990). Cytological explorations
of Indian woody legumes. Proceedings Of The Indian Academy Of
Sciences Plant Sciences 100(5): 319-332.


Ahmad, M. (1989). Feeding diversity of Myllocerus viridanus Fab.
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from South India. Indian Forester 115
(11): 832-838.


Basu, S. P. and C. Veeresham (1989). Purified Pongamia pinnata
Pierre, seed oil as an alternative source for preparation of
monoglycerides. Indian Journal Of Hospital Pharmacy 26(4): 122-126.


Chava, S. R. K., A. B. Vora, et al. (1989). Foliar analysis of some
monoculture plantations and physico-chemical properties of
underlying soils. Indian Journal Of Forestry 12(2): 137-141.


Govindaiah, N. Suryanarayana, et al. (1989). Effect of mulching of
green leaves for the control of root-knot nematode in mulberry.
Indian Journal Of Nematology 19(1): 25-28.


Prasad, R., B. Prasad, et al. (1989). Effect of some non-edible oils
on retardation of nitrification, yield and nitrogen uptake by rice
(Oryza sativa) in calcareous soil. Indian Journal Of Agricultural
Sciences 59(5): 291-294.


Agarwal, G. P. and S. Gupta (1988). Some new saprophytic ascomycetes
from Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh (India). Proceedings Of The National
Academy Of Sciences India Section B 58(2): 341-344.


Bapna, S., D. M. Renapurkar, et al. (1988). Cyclopicidal activity of
three indigenous plant extracts. Insect Science And Its Application 9
(2): 211-212.


Chaturvedi, A. N., S. C. Sharma, et al. (1988). Water consumption
and biomass production of some forest tree species. International
Tree Crops Journal 5(1-2): 71-76.


Nakanishi, H. (1988). Dispersal ecology of the maritime plants in
the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Ecological Research 3(2): 163-174.


Sidiyasa, K. (1988). Some ecological aspects of sawokecik (Manilkara
kauki (L.) Dubard) at Purwo Barat, Southern Banyuwangi, East Java
(Indonesia). Buletin Penelitian Hutan(495): 1-20.


Singh, B., G. N. Gupta, et al. (1988). Use of mulches in
establishment and growth of tree species on dry lands. Indian
Forester 114(6): 307-316.


Subramanian, S. and S. Nagarajan (1988). Wound healing activity of
Pongamia pinnata and Cynodon dactylon. Fitoterapia 59(1): 43-44.


Jain, P. P., R. K. Suri, et al. (1987). Fatty oils from oilseeds of
forest origin as antibacterial agents. Indian Forester 113(4): 297-
299.


Srivastava, R. J. and C. M. Misra (1987). Behavioral study on water
uptake by different forest species. Indian Journal Of Forestry 10
(2): 107-110.


Subramanyam, S. V. (1987). Assessment of utility of some pulp wood
species of Kerala state (India) based on fiber quality. Indian
Forester 113(6): 427-433.


Tucker, S. C. (1987). Pseudoracemes in papilionoid legumes: Their
nature, development, and variation. Botanical Journal Of The Linnean
Society 95(3): 181-206.


Chowdhury, A. R., R. Banerji, et al. (1986). Studies on leguminous
seeds: III. Fette Seifen Anstrichmittel 88(4): 144-146.


Khanduja, S. D. and V. L. Goel (1986). Pattern of variability in
some fuel wood trees grown on sodic soils. Indian Forester 112(2):
118-123.


Saxena, A. P. and K. M. Vyas (1986). Antimicrobial activity of seeds
of some ethnomedicinal plants. Journal Of Economic And Taxonomic
Botany 8(2): 291-300.


Athaya, C. D. (1985). Ecological studies of some forest tree seeds:
I. Seed morphology. Indian Journal Of Forestry 8(1): 33-36.


Mukherjee, A. K. (1985). Effect of methylisocyanate on the flora of
Bhopal (India). Journal Of Economic And Taxonomic Botany 7(3): 568-
572.


Tanaka, T., M. Iinuma, et al. (1473). Two new beta-hydroxychalcones
from the root bark of Pongamia pinnata. Chemical & Pharmaceutical
Bulletin 39(6): 1473-1475.


Mariappan, V., S. Jayaraj, et al. (1369). Effect of nonedible seed
oils on survival of Nephotettix virescens (Homoptera: Cicadellidae)
and on transmission of rice tungro virus. Journal Of Economic
Entomology 81(5): 1369-1372.


Arjunan, M. C. and N. R. Ponnammal Studies on phenology and nursery
technology of certain tree species. Indian Botanical Contactor 10(3-
4): 147-150. Dep. Botany, Kongunadu Arts and Sci. Coll., Coimbatore
641 029, India


Jain, K. L. and H. R. Dhingra Physical and biochemical
characteristics of Parkinsonia aculeata L. and Pongamia pinnata
Vent. flowers. Journal of Apicultural Research 30(3-4): 146-150.
Dep. Zool., Haryana Agric. Univ., Hisar-125004, India


Rao, M. S. and M. Pandey Comparative efficacy of karanj leaf and
carbofuran on the management of Aphelenchoides composticola. Indian
Journal of Nematology 21(2): 158-159. Nematol. and Mushroom Culture
Lab., Indian Inst. Horticultural Res., Hessaraghatta Lake, Bangalore
89, India


http://www.newcrops.uq.edu.au/listing/pongamiapinnata.htm

#241 From: "Pankaj Oudhia" <pankajoudhia@...>
Date:: Sat May 20, 2006 6:16 am
Subject:: Gov't tells bizmen to put on hold jatropha seedling business
pankajoudhia
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Lesson to learn from Philippines.

Gov't tells bizmen to put on hold jatropha seedling business

SOCIO-Economic Planning Secretary Romulo Neri told the private
sector investors not to start large-scale planting of jatropha (tuba-
tuba) seedlings yet until government has fully tested its commercial
viability.


Government has been pushing for the development of jatropha seeds,
which is seen as alternative sources of diesel fuel in view of the
rising cost of oil in the world market.

President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo said she has ordered the release
of P500 million to plant jatropha in several test areas in the
country, including military camps, in order to determine which
species are the best and the highest yielding. The money will come
from the surplus of the Philippine National Oil Company (PNOC).

"With our P17.6 billion surplus, we want to use the money to be able
to make life better for those suffering from the high oil prices,"
Arroyo said.

Neri said government imports about US$7 billion worth of oil and
that the world oil demand-supply is "very, very tight" because
demand is almost equal to the supply of about 82 million barrels per
day.

Thus, Neri added, alternative sources of fuel must be found.

Millions of jatropha seedlings have already been planted in the Army
camp in Fort Magsaysay and in Camarines Sur. They are also being
planted in vacant lands.

Neri said he is not yet encouraging the private sector to go into
commercial planting until government has completed feasibility
tests. He said government will "take the risk that the private
sector may not be able to take right now."

"At this point I don't want to encourage yet, that's why we are
testing it on military areas kasi. What we don't want to happen is
magtatanim sila pagkatapos nalugi, kami ang pagbibintangan (they
plant it and lose in the long run then they blame us for it). What
we will do is just start with the military and based on the results
we will document them and offer it to everybody for them to make
their own decision whether to go with it or not," he said.

"Just don't rush it. Like any business, pag-aralan nyong mabuti (you
have to study it thoroughly)," he said.

He said harvesting in the pilot areas has already begun and the
results look encouraging. "I just want to make sure it's also
encouraging on a bigger scale. So at least you can test it because
this will tell how viable it is on a commercial basis, on a private
sector basis," he added.

Neri said three months to mass-produce is "a bit soon", adding that
maybe a year would be more feasible. "Let's be careful. I just want
to be sure that everything is in order," he also said.

He said once jatropha-growing becomes viable, it will increase local
productivity and income and ensure that dollars are kept within the
country instead of used to pay oil suppliers.

Rodolfo Lozada, chairman of the Philippine Forest Corporation (PFC),
said three kilos of jatropha seeds will yield almost a liter of
crude oil. A kilo will yield 25 percent of refined diesel.

He said the PFC is working with the environment department,
University of the Philippines (UP) Los Baños, and private
universities to improve the extraction process.

President Arroyo also ordered the mass production of the Protos
Stove, the first plant oil stove in the world, which was developed
by the Leyte State University (LSU), and the distribution of initial
samples among the 18 hotspots or urban poor communities in Metro
Manila.

The stove is fueled by plant oil such as jatropha, coconut, soybean,
sunflower, and even used cooking oil. Each one costs P2,000.

Neri said the stove could be mass-produced if the cost of materials
and labor is lowered. (JMR/Sunnex)
http://www.sunstar.com.ph/static/man/2006/05/20/bus/gov.t.tells.bizme
n.to.put.on.hold.jatropha.seedling.business.html

#240 From: "Pankaj Oudhia" <pankajoudhia@...>
Date:: Tue May 16, 2006 6:13 am
Subject:: FW: Two industrial biotech and biofuels conferences
pankajoudhia
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NABC, ACS and BIO are Proud to Announce the Third Annual

  World Congress  on Industrial Biotechnology and Bioprocessing  2006

July 11 &#150; 14 , 2006 -- Toronto, Canada

Register Now and Save! Early Bird Discount Registration ends June
2nd!

Ethanol from cellulose, biological fuel cells, biomass feedstocks,
enzyme processing aids, renewable chemicals, food and nutrition, the
nanotech-biotech interface, nutrition and food ingredients,
industrial biotech for pharmaceuticals, personal care and cosmetics
and much more.

   Canadian vacation and holiday packages available from Tourism
Toronto

For Further Details on registration and other conference questions
please visit our website at www.bio.org/worldcongress

Register for the World Congress and attend BOTH conferences for one
price

see below for the AgriFood Summit

2006 World Congress Registration  Rates


   Member &#150; members of BIO, ACS, BIOTECanada, EuropaBIO, or Chemical
Institute of Canada

On or before June 2, 2006 - $795.00 USD             After June 2,
2006 & On-site - $995.00 USD

Additional Member Attendee - 2nd or more attendee of registered
member company or organization as defined above under "member"

On or before June 2, 2006 - $595.00 USD             After June 2,
2006 & On-site - $995.00 USD



Non-MemberOn or before June 2, 2006 - $995.00 USD             After
June 2, 2006 & On-site - $1,195.00 USD

Additional Non-Member Attendee - 2nd or more attendee of a non-
member company or organization

On or before June 2, 2006 - $795.00 USD             After June 2,
2006 & On-site - $1,195.00 USD

Academic of Government - Must show proof through business card or ID
on-site

On or before June 2, 2006 - $295.00 USD             After June 2,
2006 & On-site - $350.00 USD

Speaker On or before June 2, 2006 - $95.00 USD              After
June 2, 2006 & On-site - $95.00 USD

When registering online for the 2006 World Congress, the default
price of registration will be the non-member fee.  In order to
register at the member, additional attendee, academic, government,
or speaker rates please email worldcongress@... with your
request, including complete contact information.  Once your request
has been approved, you will receive a unique registration code to
enter online while registering which will grant you the appropriate
reduced rate fee for registration.




We look forward to seeing you in Toronto!

www.bio.org/worldcongress

#239 From: "Pankaj Oudhia" <pankajoudhia@...>
Date:: Fri May 12, 2006 12:48 pm
Subject:: Introduction of New Member
pankajoudhia
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Hi, I am working at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in
Zurich and would like to learn more about biofuels. Best regards,
Wolfgang Korosec St. Gallen, Switzerland

=========================

Welcome Wolfgang.

Moderator.

#238 From: "Pankaj Oudhia" <pankajoudhia@...>
Date:: Tue May 9, 2006 5:55 pm
Subject:: Two Hindi Articles on negative aspects of Jatropha
pankajoudhia
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1.Kaun kharidega Ratanjot? by Pankaj Oudhia (Who will buy Ratanjot?)-
Hindi Article.
Source Ranchi Express. April 09, 2006. p.9.
http://ecoport.org/ep?SearchType=reference&ReferenceID=557008

2. Mahua aur Karanj se bhi daudengi gadiyan.  by Pankaj Oudhia ( Now
vehicle will run through Mahua and Karanj also.)- Hindi Article.
Source Apni Ranchi. 9- 15 April, 2006. p.14.

http://ecoport.org/ep?SearchType=reference&ReferenceID=557007

#237 From: "Pankaj Oudhia" <pankajoudhia@...>
Date:: Tue May 9, 2006 11:45 am
Subject:: First-aid measures in case of Jatropha poisoning
pankajoudhia
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First-aid measures and management principles

              INGESTION:  Unless the patient is unconscious,
convulsing, or
              unable to swallow give fluids (milk or water) to
dilute.  Seek
              medical assistance.  In  hospital or a health care
facility
              induce vomiting unless the patient has  already
vomited, or
              perform gastric lavage.  Administer activated charcoal
and a
              cathartic to hasten elimination, although in the
presence of
              diarrhoea  this is unecessary.
              SKIN:  Wash the affected area well with plenty of water
and
              use a mild soap.
              EYE:  Flush the eye with copious amounts of water for
at least
              15 minutes.   If irritation persists seek medical
assistance.

For more information
http://www.intox.org/databank/documents/plant/jatropha/jcurc.htm

#236 From: "Pankaj Oudhia" <pankajoudhia@...>
Date:: Tue May 9, 2006 11:35 am
Subject:: Potential use of Pedilanthus tithymaloides Poit. as a renewable resource of plan
pankajoudhia
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Potential use of Pedilanthus tithymaloides Poit. as a renewable
resource of plant hydrocarbons

Srilekha De1, Archana Bag, and Subhendu Mukherji2

Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of
Calcutta, Calcutta - 700 019, India

(Received January 9, 1996; Accepted December 10, 1996)

Abstract. Pedilanthus tithymaloides was evaluated as an incessantly
renewable and potential source of hydrocarbons. Extracts were
obtained from successive extraction of whole plant material with
solvents like petroleum ether (b.p. 60_80°C), benzene (b.p. 80°C)
and ethyl acetate (76_78°C). A white amorphous mixture of
hydrocarbons was obtained by elution of the column by petroleum
ether (b.p. 60_80°C) which was found to be comparable with gasoline.

Keywords: Hydrocarbons; Pedilanthus tithymaloides Poit.; Renewable
resource.

http://ejournal.sinica.edu.tw/bbas/content/1997/2/bot382-06.html

#235 From: "Pankaj Oudhia" <pankajoudhia@...>
Date:: Sat May 6, 2006 4:21 pm
Subject:: BIOFUELS: RENEWABLE ENERGY OR ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTER IN THE MAKING?
pankajoudhia
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BIOFUELS: RENEWABLE ENERGY OR ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTER IN THE MAKING?
By Almuth Ernsting
`In the absence of governmental constraints, the rising price of oil
could quickly become the leading threat to biodiversity, ensuring that
the wave of
extinctions now under way does indeed become the sixth great
extinction.'
Lester Brown (Director of the Worldwatch Institute) about the growth
of biofuels

http://climatechangeaction.blogspot.com/2006/04/guest-post-biofuels-
renewable-energy.html

#234 From: "Pankaj Oudhia" <pankajoudhia@...>
Date:: Sat May 6, 2006 5:29 am
Subject:: Planning of FEW, Problems for generations
pankajoudhia
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Planning of FEW, Problems for generations
Pankaj Oudhia
http://ecoport.org/ep?SearchType=earticleView&earticleId=843&page=-2

#233 From: "Pankaj Oudhia" <pankajoudhia@...>
Date:: Sat May 6, 2006 4:41 am
Subject:: Jatropha not suitable for South Africa
pankajoudhia
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Jatropha: There is debate about whether jatropha, a tree alien to
South Africa whose seeds are toxic to humans, will be useful as a
feedstock. While jatropha can grow on otherwise unfavourable land and
may require less water than other feedstocks, according to Brian Tait,
manager of the alternative energy group at Sasol, its environmental
impact assessments are pending and it may not be suitable for growth
in South Africa.

http://www.mg.co.za/articlePage.aspx?
articleid=270869&area=/insight/insight__economy__business/

#232 From: "Pankaj Oudhia" <pankajoudhia@...>
Date:: Sat Apr 29, 2006 8:31 am
Subject:: War is on against another Exotic weed
pankajoudhia
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Dear Group Members,

           Beside this group I am also a moderator of Parthenium
discussion group at

http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/IPRNG/

As you know Allergy causing Congress weed (Parthenium hysterophorus)is
one of the ten worst weeds of the world. In Parthenium discussion
group we are discussing on its different aspects including management.

You are invited to join this group.

regards
Pankaj Oudhia
Convenor, IPRNG
http://www.iprng.org

#231 From: "Chitra Shanker" <chitrashanker@...>
Date:: Sat Apr 29, 2006 4:43 am
Subject:: Re: Re: Scientific information on Negative aspect of Jatropha
chi_sha
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THank you Pankaji,
I have laredy contacted them and I am doing the needful. Thanks for the info.
Chitra

#230 From: "Pankaj Oudhia" <pankajoudhia@...>
Date:: Fri Apr 28, 2006 5:51 pm
Subject:: Invasive species harms native hardwoods by killing soil fungus
pankajoudhia
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(Jatropha is also invasive species and this type of study is required
before its large scale plantation.)

Invasive species harms native hardwoods by killing soil fungus
http://www.innovations-
report.de/html/berichte/biowissenschaften_chemie/bericht-58433.html

#229 From: "Pankaj Oudhia" <pankajoudhia@...>
Date:: Fri Apr 28, 2006 5:58 pm
Subject:: THE SEEDLINGS BROKE THE SILENCE
pankajoudhia
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(Today Eucalyptus, Tomorrow Jatropha, Say No to Exotic plants.)

From Nwm_mumbai mailing list by Surekha Sule.

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: "cassia bechara" <cassiabec@... >
To:
Date: Wed, 26 Apr 2006 18:21:05 +0000
Subject: Solidarity with the women of Via Campesina

Dear Comrades,

The poem below was written in defense of the March 8th action
(International Women's Day) in which 2,000 women of La Via Campesina
occupied and destroyed a eucalyptus nursery belonging to the
cellulose corporation, Aracruz Cellulose. Since then, 37 rural
activists have been indicted for their participation in the act.

Please, read the poem and send a copy to Rio Grande do Sul's
Governor, head of the state in which La Via Campesina conducted the
March 8th action. Contact information provided [AT END OF POEM].

At MST website: www.mst.org.br, you can also sign a petition in
solidarity of the women of Via Campesina.

---------------------------------------------------------------------
---------
Manifest of Men and Women in Solidarity with the Peasant Women of La
Via Campesina

THE SEEDLINGS BROKE THE SILENCE

There was a sepulchral silence

over the eighteen thousand hectares stolen
from the tupi-guarani peoples
over ten thousand quilombola families
evicted from their territories
over millions of litters of herbicides
poured in the plantations

There was a promiscuous silence

over the chlorine used
for whitening paper
producing carcinogenic toxins which affect
plants, animals and people.
over the disapearence
of more than four hundred bird species
and forty mammals
in the north of Esp&#56489;to Santo

There was an insurmountable silence

about the nature of a plant
that consumes thirty liters of water/day
and does not give flowers or seeds
about a plantation that produced billions
and more billions of dollars
for just a half a dozen gentlemen

There was a thick silence

over thousands of hectares accumulated
in Espirito Santo, Minas, Bahia
and Rio Grande do Sul

There was an accomplice silence

over the destruction of the Atlantic Forest and the pampas
due to the homogenous cultivation of a single tree:
eucalyptus

There was a bought silence

over the voluptuousness for profit
Yes, there was a global silence
over Sweedish capital
over Norwegian companies
over large national stalls

Finally,
there was an immense green desert
in concert with silence

II

Suddenly,
thousands of women got together
and destroyed seedlings
the oppression and lie

The seedlings shouted
all of a sudden
and no less than suddenly
the smile of bourgeoisies became amazement
became a grimace, disorientation

III

The order raised incredulous
crying out progress and science
imprecating in vulgar terms
obscenity and bad language

Newspapers, radios, magazines,
the Internet and TV,
and advertisers
well spoken businessmen
crawling advisers
clever technicians
reluctant governments
the yelling right
and all the centre extremists
in chorus, echo,
assemblies and declarations
to defend capital:
"They cannot break the silence!"
And cried for beheading!

IV

Suddenly
no less than suddenly
thousands of women
destroyed the silence

On that day
the so called Aracruz' land
the women from Via Campesina
were our gesture
were our voice.

---------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------

Please send to ?
Governor Germano Rigoto: agenda@...

Copies to ?
Claudia Avila (attorney in charge of the case of the women from Via)
claudiamavila@...

Daniel Cassol,
Journalist from the Solidarity Committee in Rio Grande do Sul
dbcassol@...

Women's World March which is
Coordinating the National Campaign
sof@...

---------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------
This is the list of those indicted by the Police. The Public
Attorney has not made any comments yet (but he is more "right
extremist" than the Police) and it has not being handed to the Judge

1.. Adriana Maria Mezadri
2.. Luciana Maria Passinato Piovesan
3.. Luci Luiza Piovesan Rodrigues
4.. Noemi Margarida
5.. Corinne Chantal Dobler - Sui&#30816;- esava como voluntaria com o
movimento de mulheres camponesas
6.. Salete Girardi
7.. Fatima Girardi
8.. Elisiane de Fatima Jane
9.. Loiva Lourdes Rubenich
10.. Paul Charles Nicholson - Espanhol - dirigente d avia campesina
internacional
11.. Juara Ferrer de Sanches - Rep. Dominicana - secretaria geral da
CLOC
12.. Henry Saragih - indon&#40169;a Secretario geral da via campesina
internacional.
13.. Irma Maria Ostrosky
14.. Fabio Augusto de Medeiros Lopes
15.. Maria Leda Sommer
16.. Marcelo Lucas da Silva
17.. Manoela Nicodemos Bailosa
18.. Jo&#15328;Pedro St&#39209;le
19.. Marise da Rosa Guaragni
20.. Gomercindo Gon&#30828;ves
21.. Celio Roberto Teixeira Pinheiro
22.. Juberley da Silva Mendes
23.. Nerci Lourdes Veiga da Silva
24.. Luciana de Brito Luz
25.. Clarice Rosa Luz
26.. Marcia Teresinha D?Avila
27.. Matilde Lu&#56993; dos Santos
28.. Geovane Marlisa Moer
29.. Rute Flores Ribeiro
30.. Edson Jair Paixao Madril
31.. Julia Teles
32.. Oracelia Ribeiro Chaves
33.. Maria Rodrigues
34.. Maria Leonor Batista
35.. Lisamara Souza Rodales
36.. Maria Selena Ferreira Rodales
37.. Of&#39721;a Madril

Background

On March 8, two thousand women from La Via Campesina Brazil occupied
an area belonging to the Aracruz Cellulose Corporation in Barra do
Ribeiro (RS). The date (International Women's Day) and the place
(close to where the Second International Conference on Agrarian
Reform and Rural Development was taking place) was symbolically
chosen to demonstrate the anger of these farm women with the
commodification of agriculture that is going on today.

The land, the waters, the seeds, the air, and the forests are today
considered resources that must be exploited to further the economic
interests of the big multinational corporations. Under the guise
of "reforestation", green deserts of lumber production for cellulose
factories have been created. Eucalyptus is the main species in this
strategy and damages the soil irreparably--once it is planted, it is
not possible to return fertility to the land and its minerals.
Besides this, eucalyptus roots penetrate the water table, damaging
the supply of water in the region. Each foot of eucalyptus is
capable of consuming 30 liters of water per day. The major owner of
this takeover is the Aracruz Cellulose corporation, which has
250,000 hectares planted on its own lands, 50,000 in Rio Grande do
Sul alone. Its factories produce 2.4 million tons of bleached
cellulose per year, contaminating the air and the water besides
damaging human health.

Despite the fact that the action carried out last week got a lot of
coverage in the media, the reasons that led the women of La Via
Campesina to occupy the business did not receive coverage. Only
Aracruz Cellulose could put out its opinions, transforming a
political action into a personal drama of the researcher responsible
for the eucalyptus saplings. Workers were interviewed who deplored
the event, but at no time was it said that Aracruz creates only one
job for each 185 acres planted, while the small rural farm creates
one job per hectare.

In Espirito Santo and in Bahia, places where the corporation does
business, at least 88,000 jobs are going to disappear this year
because of a loan of $R297 thousand from the National Bank for
Economic and Social Development (BNDES), with resources from the
Workers Assistance Fund and the Fund of Participation/PIS/PASEP, for
the corporation's eucalyptus plantations. The total area that has
been financed will be over 90,000 hectares. The grace period for
these BNDES credits is 21 months. Only after 21 months will payments
be due for the loan and the stated period of amortization is 84
months. All this at an incredibly low interest rate of 2%! The
interest rates used in the National Program for Family Farming
(PRONAF) vary up to 8.75% per year.

In the last three years, the corporation received $R2 billion from
the public coffers. Fifty six percent of the money, according to the
corporation's 2005 balance sheet, was destined to the exterior,
where a good part of its properties are located: the Norwegian
corporation Lorena (whose major stockholder is the brother-in law of
the King of Norway) holds 28%. The other 28% are of the Safra Bank,
an international bank based in Monaco, 28% is of Votorantim
Corporation, and 12.5% of BNDES. The British American Tobacco group
Souza Cruz, also has stockholders but in a smaller percentage.

"We could be proud because Aracruz belongs to a Norwegian who is
successful abroad and earns a lot of money. But no. We are not
proud. Aracruz is robbing or occupying indigenous territory and our
people reacted strongly. There are many forests in Norway, as there
are in Sweden and Finland. Those countries form Scandinavia where
the Stora Enso corporation was founded, which also produces
cellulose in Brazil. Why not produce cellulose right there in
Europe? Scandinavian trees have to grow for 10 to 30 years before
they can be used for cellulose. Instead, eucalyptus can be used
after 7 years. It's much cheaper to produce in Brazil because the
labor is cheaper." This is the accusation made by Ingeborg
Tangeraas, a Norwegian activist from the Norwegian Farmers and
Smallholders Union.

The Swedish royal family also had stock but sold it in January,
after people repudiated the action carried out by the corporation
against the Guarani indigenous people in Espirito Santo. Around 120
Federal policemen used helicopters, bombs, arms, and munitions,
besides Aracruz Cellulose's own equipment, to knock over plantations
and houses and expel 50 Guarani from land that belongs to them. The
area, illegally invaded by the corporation to plant cellulose, is
still in discussion with public authorities. That was not sufficient
to avoid the jailing of eight indigenous and dozens of wounded.

In an international conference on Agrarian Reform, the action
carried out by the women of La Via Campesina Brazil puts in question
why a government that wants to end hunger continues to sponsor and
legitimize companies such as these, which only multiply the green
desert, cause unemployment and still violate the rights of the
Brazilian people. We are not opposed to research. On the contrary,
we want even more research. But we want research into solutions for
the people's problems and not only how to increase productivity for
the greater profit of the multinationals. Those who invented the
atomic bomb were also great researchers. The investments in these
companies, nine times inferior to employment in family farming, can
only lead to one conclusion: the idea that within 20 years, food in
Brazil will be based on cellulose!

National Secretariat of the MST
Mobilizations to demand Agrarian Reform


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#228 From: "Pankaj Oudhia" <pankajoudhia@...>
Date:: Fri Apr 28, 2006 3:08 pm
Subject:: biodiesel production from mahua (Madhuca indica) oil
pankajoudhia
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Bioresour Technol. 2006 Feb;97(3):379-84. Related Articles, Links


Process optimization for biodiesel production from mahua (Madhuca
indica) oil using response surface methodology.

Ghadge SV, Raheman H.

Agricultural & Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of
Technology, Kharagpur 721 302, India.

A central composite rotatable design was used to study the effect of
methanol quantity, acid concentration and reaction time on the
reduction of free fatty acids content of mahua oil during its
pretreatment for making biodiesel. All the three variables
significantly affected the acid value of the product, methanol being
the most effective followed by reaction time and acid catalyst
concentration. Using response surface methodology, a quadratic
polynomial equation was obtained for acid value by multiple
regression analysis. Verification experiments confirmed the validity
of the predicted model. The optimum combinations for reducing the
acid level of mahua oil to less than 1% after pretreatment was 0.32
v/v methanol-to-oil ratio, 1.24% v/v H2SO4 catalyst and 1.26 h
reaction time at 60 degrees C. After the pretreatment of mahua oil,
transesterification reaction was carried out with 0.25 v/v methanol-
to-oil ratio (6:1 molar ratio) and 0.7% w/v KOH as an alkaline
catalyst to produce biodiesel. The fuel properties of mahua
biodiesel so obtained complied the requirements of both the American
and European standards for biodiesel.

PMID: 15908200 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15908200&query_hl=1&it
ool=pubmed_docsum

#227 From: "Pankaj Oudhia" <pankajoudhia@...>
Date:: Fri Apr 28, 2006 3:06 pm
Subject:: biodiesel from castor oil
pankajoudhia
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Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2004 Spring;113-116:771-80. Related
Articles, Links


Optimization of enzymatic production of biodiesel from castor oil in
organic solvent medium.

de Oliveira D, Di Luccio M, Faccio C, Rosa CD, Bender JP, Lipke N,
Menoncin S, Amroginski C, de Oliveira JV.

Department of Food Engineering, URI, Campus de Erechim, Av. Sete de
Setembro, 1621-Erechim-RS, 99700-000, Brazil.

We studied the production of fatty acid ethyl esters from castor oil
using n-hexane as solvent and two commercial lipases, Novozym 435
and Lipozyme IM, as catalysts. For this purpose, a Taguchi
experimental design was adopted considering the following variables:
temperature (35-65 degrees C), water (0-10 wt/wt%), and enzyme (5-20
wt/wt%) concentrations and oil-to-ethanol molar ratio (1:3 to 1:10).
An empirical model was then built so as to assess the main and cross-
variable effects on the reaction conversion and also to maximize
biodiesel production for each enzyme. For the system containing
Novozym 435 as catalyst the maximum conversion obtained was 81.4% at
65 degrees C, enzyme concentration of 20 wt/wt%, water concentration
of 0 wt/wt%, and oil-to-ethanol molar ratio of 1:10. When the
catalyst was Lipozyme IM, a conversion as high as 98% was obtained
at 65 degrees C, enzyme concentration of 20 wt/wt%, water
concentration of 0 wt/wt%, and oil-to-ethanol molar ratio of 1:3.

PMID: 15054231 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15054231&query_hl=1&it
ool=pubmed_docsum

#226 From: "Pankaj Oudhia" <pankajoudhia@...>
Date:: Fri Apr 28, 2006 2:45 pm
Subject:: One tonne of Karanj seeds yield 0.25 tonne of bio-fuel
pankajoudhia
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''It has been reported that the oil can be used as diesel substitute
and can existing diesel engines without causing pollution. One tonne
of seeds yield 0.25 tonne of bio-fuel and 10 million hectares of
plantation could lead to generation of 100 billion KWH of electricity
or replace 25 million tonnes of diesel that India imports. The oil
works out to be 25% cent cheaper than diesel since the seed cake,
after extracting oil, can be sold as fertiliser. ''

http://ecoport.org/ep?
Plant=1781&entityType=PLCR**&entityDisplayCategory=full

#225 From: "Pankaj Oudhia" <pankajoudhia@...>
Date:: Fri Apr 28, 2006 2:32 pm
Subject:: Karanj for Wastelands
pankajoudhia
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Karanj for Wastelands

Indigenous production of Pongamia oil will save foreign exchange worth
of several million dollars & also generate employment opportunities in
rural areas.
http://www.nabard.org/roles/ms/fw/pongamia.htm

#224 From: "Pankaj Oudhia" <pankajoudhia@...>
Date:: Fri Apr 28, 2006 1:27 pm
Subject:: Re: Scientific information on Negative aspect of Jatropha
pankajoudhia
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I contributed two years back. I am not aware of its second edition. I
will inform you if I get any information regarding this.

regards
Pankaj Oudhia

--- In jatropha@..., "Chitra Shanker"
<chitrashanker@g...> wrote:
>
> Wil this include pest status too which is the area I can contribute
> Chitra
>

#223 From: "Chitra Shanker" <chitrashanker@...>
Date:: Fri Apr 28, 2006 10:27 am
Subject:: Re: Scientific information on Negative aspect of Jatropha
chi_sha
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Wil this include pest status too which is the area I can contribute
Chitra
 

#222 From: "Pankaj Oudhia" <pankajoudhia@...>
Date:: Fri Apr 28, 2006 10:10 am
Subject:: Scientific information on Negative aspect of Jatropha
pankajoudhia
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Scientific information on Negative aspects of Jatropha. Please write
at

Lucinda Charles
Editor
Compendium Programme
CAB International
Wallingford
Oxon OX10 8DE
UK
l.charles@...
tel: 44 1491 829388
fax: 44 1491 833508

I am also one of the contributors of this compendium.


regards
Pankaj Oudhia

#221 From: "Pankaj Oudhia" <pankajoudhia@...>
Date:: Fri Apr 28, 2006 6:27 am
Subject:: BirdLife urges caution in biofuel drive
pankajoudhia
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"There is a great danger that the development of biofuels will have a
devastating impact on biodiversity while delivering hardly any
reduction in greenhouse gas emissions." —Ariel Brunner, BirdLife

http://www.birdlife.org/news/news/2006/02/biofuels.html

#220 From: "Pankaj Oudhia" <pankajoudhia@...>
Date:: Fri Apr 28, 2006 6:03 am
Subject:: FW;Growing Biofuel
pankajoudhia
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It should be further noted that although Jatropha Curcas is a crop
touted by many parties as the solution to biodiesel feedstock, there
is not a significant amount of reliable scientific data on the crop in
terms of commercial application.

http://www.ecoworld.com/Home/Articles2.cfm?TID=387

#219 From: Kanishk Negi <damatrionegi@...>
Date:: Wed Apr 26, 2006 9:14 am
Subject:: Re: Re: Livelihood issues of Jatropha plantations on comon lands- Study aspect
damatrionegi
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I tried contacting the author of that report but some how mails keep bouncing back. Hope to get some clues in time.
 
regards,
Kanishk Negi

Pankaj Oudhia <pankajoudhia@...> wrote:
Thanks for your message. I suggest you to read special article on
Jatropha in Down To Earth, November 30, 2005. The author of this
article visited Chhattisgarh and interacted with tens of farmers and
activists before preparing this report. She can guide you about the
specific locations.

regards
Pankaj Oudhia 

--- In jatropha@..., Kanishk Negi <damatrionegi@y...>
wrote:
>
>   Dear Group Members,
>                            I am working with Society for Promotion
of Wastelands Development, western region office at Udaipur. We are
carrying out a study on promotion of Jatropha and its implications
on livelihoods of small and marginal farmer.
>   
>   Some of the issues identified in the study are as follows:
>   
>   ·         The plantation of jatropha on wastelands, which are
synonymus to commonlands, and degraded forest areas pose threat to
fodder availability for cattle and population dependent on
livestock; which is incidently section of small and marginal
farmers, who cannot fulfill the fodder erquirement from agricultural
residue and have to depend on common lands for fodder. Locking the
land under Jatropha plantation would shrink the land available as
pasture and commonland (already under severe threat from
encroachment).  Especially in Chattisgarh there have been reports
where in platations have taken place on Panchayat/wastelands (that
too without consultation of gram sabha with dubious role of
panchayat heads raising doubts at govt's initiatives of involving
panchayats in allocation of land for plantation).
>   Can some body from the group help in locating the areas where
this has happened and giving contact  details of any perosn there,
as i would be visiting Chattisgarh from 9-12 of May and intend to
document the impact for the study as one of the fallouts of current
promotion pattern of jatropha.
>   
>   ·         Another issue is contract farming for Jatropha in
Tamil Nadu, where farmers have been initiated to take loans for
cropping Jatropha, the questions here are who is guiding them for
cropping and harvesting practices, how much is investment coming and
what;s the protection form insect or pest attack. Although there are
many more issues attached to this particular topic i would be
detailing later.
>   
>   Can some one help in giving any contact which would help in
reaching the farmers and examine the ground realities there. Also
where particularly this has taken place (geographical area, so as to
focus energies in visiting those areas directly). Meeting with D1
oils officials is also in offing on national and international
policies of the company.
>   
>   
>   This study would be culminating in a workshop in Delhi organized
by SPWD New Delhi some time in July.
>   
>   I would be helpful if members of the group can help in this
regard.
>   
>   Kanishk Negi
>   Programme Officer
>   WRO, Udaipur
>   Society for Promotion of Wastelands Development (SPWD)
>
>
>                        
> ---------------------------------
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