Dear friends of Science and astronomy,

New moon of Saturn makes waves http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4535709.stm
The Cassini spacecraft has found a new moon of Saturn in a gap between the
planet's rings, and scientists say it is making ripples in the ring system.
It is only the second moon found inside Saturn's ring system and it has been
provisionally named S/2005 S1.

Cassini reached Saturn in July 2004, and is now starting to concentrate on
observing planet's ring system.

The ripples in the the rings are caused by the moon's gravity, something that
can be used to calculate its mass.

Shepherd moon

It was first seen in a time-lapse sequence of images taken on 1 May as Cassini's
path took it to higher inclinations in its orbit around Saturn. A day later, an
even closer view was obtained, which has allowed a measure of the moon's size
and brightness.

The images show the tiny object in the centre of the so-called Keeler gap in
Saturn's A ring. The wavy patterns of the gap edges are generated by the moon's
gravitational influence.

The Keeler gap is located about 250km (155 miles) inside the outer edge of the A
ring, which is also the outer edge of the bright main ring system.

The new object is about 7km (4 miles) across and reflects about half the light
falling on it - a similar brightness to that found in particles of the nearby
rings.

"It's too early to make out the shape of the orbit, but what we've seen so far
of its motion suggests that it is very near the exact centre of the gap, just as
we had surmised," said Dr Joseph Spitale, planetary scientist at the US Space
Science Institute in Boulder, Colorado.

The new moonlet orbits approximately 136,505km (84,820 miles) from the centre of
Saturn. More Cassini observations will be needed to determine whether the moon's
orbit around the planet is circular or elliptical.

Predicted presence

S/2005 S1 is only the second moon known to exist within Saturn's rings. The
other is Pan, 25km (16 miles) across, which orbits in the Encke gap. Atlas and
other moons exist outside the main ring system, as do the two F ring shepherd
moons, Prometheus and Pandora.

Scientists had predicted the new moon's presence after last July's sighting of a
set of peculiar spiky and wispy features in the Keeler gap's outer edge.

The similarities of the Keeler gap features to those noted in Saturn's F ring
and the Encke gap led imaging scientists to conclude that a small body, a few
kilometres across, was awaiting discovery.

"The obvious effect of this moon on the surrounding ring material will allow us
to determine its mass and test our understanding of how rings and moons affect
one another," said Dr Carl Murray, imaging team member from Queen Mary college,
University of London.

The Keeler gap edges also bear similarities to the scalloped edges of the
322km-wide (200-mile) Encke gap, where the small moon Pan (25km, or 16 miles
across) resides. From the size of the waves seen in the Encke gap, imaging
scientists were able to estimate the mass of Pan. They expect to do the same
with this new moon.

"Some of the most illuminating dynamical systems we might hope to study with
Cassini are those involving moons embedded in gaps," said Dr Carolyn Porco,
imaging team leader at the Space Science Institute.

"By examining how such a body interacts with its companion ring material, we can
learn something about how the planets in our Solar System might have formed out
of the nebula of material that surrounded the Sun long ago.

"We anticipate that many of the gaps in Saturn's rings have embedded moons, and
we'll be in search of them from here on."

With Compliments from: Dr. BHUDIA : Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
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