From: KutchScience
Sent: Thursday, October 13, 2005 3:47 PM
Dear Friends of Science and Archaeology,

Subject :- New Sarasvati Civilisation found in ZURA (KOTADI) of KUTCH -
Megalithic SAMADHIs (Graves) of Zura Kotadi and potteries and bones

Zura (Jhura/Jhuran) is situated North West of BHUJ (23:24N - 68:55E) is known
place for its Geology and History as it says Zura - (Fall due to seismic
activity at Jhuran fault) of the Kutch.

But its Geology is also associated with its archaeology and civilisation in that
area. Though not much known of the place but local people are aware of the story
of those places but far away from the knowledge of Archaeological and Geological
importance as the area remained unexplored.

2km South and SE region of the Village is the Place called "KOTADI" as many
civilisation names. Area has big elevated area TIMBO having stone wall around
but hidden underneath. On exploration many of the Pottery found in the area
including toys parts and pottery of two different varieties - Red as usual as
also black - as in the area of RAMVAV and LAKHAPAR region civilisation in VAGAD
- RAPAR area.

Rivers in this region all flows from South to North - from slops of the Jhuran
Mountain slopes towards the Banni planes where there used to be a lake of the
water of the rivers Sarasvati and sindhu waters in the Rann of KUTCH.

About 1 Km East of that KOTADI area is the place of the Mystery graves. I would
say rather SAMADHIs as I have explained it before as they are the SAMADHIs is a
sitting posture and are kept open on the east side of those as are kept in
Samadhi rules as explained by Mahant Shree Kishordasji.

Many of such Samadhi are about some distance from the civilisation area as in
the Case of GADHVARI VADI civilisation (Meghpar)- one of samadhi was in
KHANDERVARI VADI.

Specimens collected from the region confirms those civilisation and Megalithic
Samadhis in the region says those to be 2000 BC.

Similar type of Mystery graves of Mystery Shapes (shapes are given to the body
shapes) are also in JANGADIA - ABADASA NALIYA -LAKHPAT way. those are also
Megalithic times graves.


I would prefer to say those Megalithic SAMADHIs as that can not be defined as an
ordinary graves. I also took an expert opinions from Mahant shree Kishordasji of
kabir Mandir BHUJ as he is well known personality of the subjects regarding
SAMADHIs. We went together there to identify those, and local observation showed
that those places has become an open spaces now as a result of environment and
weather. and shows skull bones opened from the top side and not the Limb bones.
so Those are defined as Sitting SAMADHIs. and east side of those SAMADHIs kept
open as seen shadows towards east in the Evening pictures.

prominent for the region's prehistoric population. Circular graves dating to c.
3000 BC are dotted . stone piled up a round -shaped chamber the site of the
first archaeological excavation when several circular, collective tombs like
those were excavated. The excavation of a settlement confirmed the importance
of the locale and for this reason the period c. 2500-2000 BC.

They are typical of burial mounds of about 2000 BC where the cremated remains of
the community's elders would have been buried. "Carbon dating should confirm
that the burial mound dates to about 2000BC," This means the Bronze Age
graveyard dates back . They have already found a piece of pottery containing the
remains of burnt shells. "It is possible that the enclosure could date as far
back as 3000 BC," "But we need to find more pottery that has decoration so we
can provide a more accurate date to the site."

Megalithic tombs research has a long history, inextricably linked with the
development of archaeology itself. In the beginning (2400 b.c.-1200 A.D.)
interest in for such interest consisted primarily of superstitious awe and
religious inspiration. Beyond this, the curiosity of unknown prehistoric
individuals can only be imagined.
However, many terms describing megalithic architecture were first recorded.
During the Culture History and subsequent periods the Some felt that the
chronology only needed minor adjustments and that new tomb excavations and large
catalogs would explain the evolution of the tombs. Surprisingly the advent of
C14 dating in the fifties, which revolutionized archaeology in many parts of the
world, had little effect on dating tombs, C14 dates began to hint at the real
antiquity of the tombs, but ceramic analysis continued to play the major role.

the relative chronology. Difficulties in various regional ceramic typologies
were isolated and efforts have been made to overcome incongruencies between the
typological method used for ceramics, problems in C14 dating, and theories on
megalithic tomb evolution. and related pottery contributed. The origin of
megalithic tombs , graves has been a matter of debate for centuries. The Eastern
Tomb Origin Theory is currently not persuasive. The western origin is tainted by
the diffusionists' mind-set. It is contradicted by radiocarbon dates and the
evolutionary trajectory of French tombs. The Autochthonous Theory is supported
by a logical, chronological evolution of tomb types and their spatial
distribution

The origin of megalithic tombs is an autochthonous development. This network was
held together by a common ideology expressed through the building of monumental
burial architecture which, Megalithic tomb construction expanded at different
rates , The local and regional tomb types were derived from local traditions,
local religious interpretations and customs tied to an interregional ideology.



CHRONOLOGICAL MODEL OF MEGALITHIC CHAMBER EVOLUTION

3600-2990/2860 B.C./2860-2400/2300 b.c. 3550/3500-3100 B.C.


3600-3290 B.C./2860-2610 b.c. [3550/3500-3100 B.C.

3600-3530 B.C./2860-2800 b.c. [3550/3500-3400 B.C.] Primeval-dolmen (urdolmen,
normally parallel to long-mound)


3550-3460 B.C./2850-2750 b.c. Transitional dolmen (parallel/perpendicular to
long-mound)

a.. 3550 B.C./2815 b.c. Top-entrance urdolmen
b.. 3530 B.C./2800 b.c. Half-height front-entrance urdolmen and square-dolmen
c.. 3500 B.C./2780 b.c. Extended-dolmen with axial capstone
3480-3290 B.C./2760-2610 b.c. [3400-3100 B.C.] Multiple side-stone dolmen
(perpendicular to long-mound)

a.. 3480 B.C./2760 b.c. Rectilinear and polygonal extended-dolmen
b.. 3450 B.C./2740 b.c. Rectilinear and polygonal grand-dolmen
3400-3100/2970 B.C./2700-2490/2400 b.c. [3250-3100 B.C.] Passage-graves

3400-3290 B.C./2700-2610 b.c. Transitional chambers with passage

3400 B.C./2700 b.c. Large polygonal- and rectilinear-dolmen/protopassage-graves
with angled/corner entrance and passage


3360-3100/2970 B.C./2650-2490/2400 b.c. [3250-3100 B.C.] Passage-graves*

a.. 3360 B.C./2650 b.c. Primeval passage-graves
b.. 3290 B.C./2610 b.c. Extended passage-graves
c.. 3240 B.C./2570 b.c. Grand passage-graves

3320-3100/2970 B.C./2630-2490/2400 b.c. [3250-3100 B.C.] Complex Chambers

a.. 3320 B.C./2630 b.c. Side-chamber passage-graves
b.. 3300 B.C./2620 b.c. End-chamber passage-graves
c.. 3290 B.C./2610 b.c. Double passage-graves
d.. 3260 B.C./2580 b.c. Triple passage-graves
e.. 3240 B.C./2570 b.c. Dual-passage chambers
f.. 3210 B.C./2560 b.c. Single chamber double passage-graves
3400-2860 B.C./2700-2300 b.c. Gallery-graves

a.. 3400 B.C./2700 b.c. Primeval gallery-graves with front- or side entrance
b.. 3290 B.C./2610 b.c. Extended gallery-graves with front- or side entrance
c.. 3240 B.C./2570 b.c. Grand gallery-graves with front- or side-entrance
















Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
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