From: kutchsciencefoundation@...






Dear EDITORIALS, Friends of the Science, History, paleontology and Geology,

ISOTOPIC FINGERPRINTS OF MICROBIAL RESPIRATION IN ARAGONITE FROM MODERN
STROMATOLITES

Stromatolites
have green bacteria which creates oxygen by photosynthesis like process
with help of the sunlight. and developed before more than 2bn years
ago. later they were fossilised and fossils of such stromatolites are actual
ancestors of such microbial bacteria in stromatolites.
According to the Geologist Martin van Kranendonk there are only two such places
of stromatolite fossils in the world, PERTH 1600km from north Autralia
and Bahamian. But None have visited/and researched of KUTCH
stromatolites fossils and live stromatolites of bay of kutch so MOST of
are unaware of the place.

Proofs of the Evolution of life on the Earth (cradle of life on the
EARTH) was ALSO in the KUTCH as in Australia. As Kutch and Australia were
joined in Gondwanaland of Pangaea super continent.

kuringai
national park Australia is preserved by world heritage site and also
locations are kept secrete to preserve the location of the cradle of
life.

More Information of Stromatolites @ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stromatolite
'The Strombolites' was inspired by a visit to a lake south of Perth, one of two
places in Australia where 'strombolites' can be seen. These are a kind of
'living' rock which date back to the dawn of life on Earth

Though
geologist all over the world do visit to research in Kutch but
Geological study has not been given such a priority in KUTCH. Kutch do
have fossilised strombolites in Gangeshwar dome area. when it was under
shalow sea water it has LIVING fossils at that time but later with the
uplift of the area from the sea bed. those fossils are plenty on the
gangeshwar hill area.

Though
Australians and Americans geologist has dome more to study similar
fossils in PERTH of AUSTRALIA. none of geologist has given the time to
the strombolites foosils
of Gangeshwar dome of KUTCH. similarly Bay of Kutch is full of
misteries. Diving in bay of kutch reveals a beutiful coral seabed and
planty of Living STROMATOLITES which are
original organisms of the time of the evolution of life on the Earth.
picture of the BAY of kutch and Perth Australlia are attached along
with gangeshwar dome strombolites fossils in KUTCH

Which
proves the KUTCH land formation is since the LIFE evolved on the Earth
and well beyond the time we think. and need more study of the fossil
records. documentry film for this subject is vailable for reference
study in the Geological Library of KUTCH SCIENCE FOUNDATION GEOLOGICAl
section.

Geology
Department, Univ of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616,
sumner@... and ANDRES, Miriam S., Rosenstiel School of
Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker
Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 In
honor of Prof. Ginsburg and the numerous insightful conversations we
have had with him, we present new results on processes causing
lithification in modern Bahamian stromatolites. As Ginsburg has argued
for longer than we have been scientists, understanding how modern
stromatolites or ¡°strombolites¡± form and lithify is critical to
properly interpreting the origins of ancient stromatolites. Microbial
roles in stromatolite lithification can be traced in carbonates because
microbial communities produce carbon isotopic shifts when they cycle
local DIC (dissolved inorganic carbon). Thus, the isotopic composition
of carbonates can record ancient microbial CO2 cycling, providing insights into
the processes of stromatolite growth and microbial influences on carbonate
chemistry.
In
shallow subtidal modern stromatolites from Highborne Cay, Bahamas,
authigenic aragonite preserves a carbon isotopic record of
heterotrophic microbial influences on DIC; authigenic aragonite is
>1 per mil depleted in 13C
relative to aragonite that precipitated in equilibrium with local
seawater. Even though cyanobacteria raise pH during peak
photosynthesis, more aragonite precipitates when and where respiration
influences local DIC. These results are consistent with 1) sulfate
reduction promoting carbonate precipitation and 2) calcium release
during decay of exopolymeric substances as previously reported. Thus,
heterotrophs play a more important role than phototrophs in Bahamian
stromatolite lithification on a local scale. However, organic matter
produced by cyanobacteria supports the heterotrophic community. Thus,
the absence of an autotrophic isotopic signature in the rock record
cannot imply the absence of photosynthetic activity.

Heterotrophic signatures may also be difficult to observe in ancient
stromatolites. With continued lithification, the 1-2¡ë ¦Ä13C
shifts will be diluted by carbonate precipitation during early
diagenesis and burial. Thus, microbial isotopic signatures in shallow
subtidal stromatolites are only likely to be identified in exceptional
circumstances. Identifying ancient microbial signatures will require
careful sampling to separate carbonate components with different
isotopic signatures and carbonates that precipitated on the spatial
scales influenced by microbial communities.
If
oyu are just waiting to hear for the Hominid Fossils found in the
KUTCH, your wish will be completed very soon in near future! teams are
working to get the perfect evidence proofs and soon reach to conclusion
to clear the confusions.
Do
not be surprised if you get a good views
of unexpected HOMINID fossil find in the KUTCH of GUJARAT INDIA. Though
most of the geologist stick to the Darwinian beliefs, But thats not the
complete truth and thats the reality that darwinian theory is not the
coplete science of creation of the GOD.

Many of the geologist are in favour of the New Study Supporting the Idea That
Primates and Dinosaurs Coexisted. and Many geologists do stay away from those
Geologist but must not afraid of these but dare to read their finding facts too.

GEOLOGIST
opposing those viws must read the BOOK about the hominid evolution,
the canals studied of many living primates, 'Review of Forbidden
Archaeology: The Hidden History of the Human Race.'

Books and Documentry Filming evedenses are avilable for reference ONLy at out
Science library geology sections.
MANY GEOLOGISTS did LAUGH when first news of fossils of GIANTS CROCODILION
published very
first time just after the KUTCH EARTHQUAKE in 2001. But Now atleast
FOUR crocodillion fossil specimens are discoverd from Kutch sediments.
Though many have not visited those museum places to see them may be
lack of information to them.

But here is details of those 1) in PANDHROW Mine GEOLOGY MUSEUM at PANDROW -
KUTCH @
http://wikimapia.org/#lat=23.6896473&lon=68.7201691&z=14&l=0&m=a&v=2&search=Pana\
ndhro

2) Bharatioya SANSKRITI DARSHAN Museum of BHUJ - SPECIMAN PICTURES MAP AND
LOACTION @
http://wikimapia.org/#lat=23.241982&lon=69.6648324&z=18&l=0&m=a&v=2&show=/884307\
/Bharatiya-Sankriti-Darsan-Museum

3) specimen is under process of retrieving
and
the 4) the very first and the BIGGEST OF ALL is been destroyed due to
lack to understand the preserving the precious fossil treasere.

Geo ARCHEOLOGICAL LIBRARY LISTING of KUTCH SCIENCE FOUNDATION DIGITAL LIBRARY

15)
100s of Books of Archaeological library WITH ENCYCLOPEDIA OF
ARCHEOLOGY , Forbidden archaeology including Civilisation and
DHOLAVIRA video library, INCA, MAYA, EGYPT, INDUS etc.
16) 100s of Books of Geological Science Library including fossils and DINO
fossils complete sets of Photographic libraries INCLUDING Forbidden Geology,
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF GEOLOGY. including video library INCLUDING Forbidden Geology
video.

Many
doubts were raised when ETV and Bombay SAMACHAR broadcasted the
following news, with doubt that the PURVA - Aadi MANAV ancestor was not
existing at that time but now the skeleton evidence came out that the
ancestor missing link was there at that time before (about 22 to 5.5 million
years ago) between 11 and 16 million years ago.
The
partial skeleton of this 13-million-year-old 'missing link' was found
by palaeontologists working at a dig site near Barcelona in Spain.
That
time matches with the Rameshwarm bridge and RAMAVATAR and Koteshwar -
RAVANa History (Tretauga), means Formation of MONKEY and Apes army
formation by DEVAs. that will rule out all the doubts raised for the
PURVA - Aadi MANAV.Hominid Foot prints found in older layers may have been
formed later in the geological process but the study of Photomicrographs and
infrared photography is
required so that to eliminate that there were no signs of carving or
artificial markings in or around the prints. A study of microscopic
count of sand grains is ralso required so indicating that the material
within the prints had been impacted, and created as the result of a force
pressing down on the firmament while it was soft.
These
facts show that the prints were made by the natural result of pressure
from the human foot, and in no way could have been duplicated by
carving nor only the pheneonmena of honeycomb appearance as the
study of Photomicrographs and infrared photography can differnciate the
compact sand particles under the pressurepoints which are not in honeycomb
pattern appearance.
Many geologists and paleontologists do visit with curiocity of the specimen and
the subject but have no background of study of Photomicrographs and infrared
photography and
its geological/paleontological applications so do not have any clue or
chance to study those subjects in that angle of research. unfortunately
lack of resourses and facility for such a research.

Phase Two Fossils: Burroughs Conjecture


The
most cogent explanation of anomalous fossil footprints is perhaps
offered by Dr. William Greely Burroughs, of Berea College in Kentucky.
Dr. Burroughs conjecture is that a depression in fossil-bearing
rock may, long after the original fossils have been formed, be filled
with a sediment that in its turn may also become the medium in which
the impression of a footprint or the body of a creature is fossilized.
When this second period of fossilization is complete the newly formed
rock may be indistinguishable from the older formation, and the new
fossils may appear to have formed at the same time as those which are
much older. Thus, several fossilization processes may wind up looking
like a footprint made at the same time. This is undoubtebly the case in
many instances, but the theory is lacking in several respects. Firstly,
fossilized human footprints have been found deep within rocks that show
no evidence of discontinuous formation, not just at the junction of
sedimentary layers. Secondly, out of place fossils are often
inconsistent not only with the ages of associated fossils but also with
the rock strata and the age conventionally ascribed to them.
New Study Supports Idea That Primates, Dinosaurs Coexisted !!!!



Sientists have acquired new
data supporting the idea that the last ancestor shared by all living
primates walked with the dinosaurs more than 80 million years ago. The
results came from a new technique used to reconstruct the course of
animal evolution.

Previously, opposing scientific camps
estimated that the animal that gave rise to the primates lived as
recently as 55 million years ago and as long ago as 90 million years.
The newly proposed date is closer to the older end of the range. That's
significant because the older estimate, which was derived from studies
based on molecular genetics, identifies the earliest primates as
contemporaries of the dinosaurs. The younger date, which was based on
fossil records, represents a period after the dinosaurs had already
become extinct. 'Our results agree broadly with a molecular estimate
[and] contradict widely accepted palaeontological estimates,' Simon
Tavar¨¦ of the University of Southern California and his colleagues
reported in the journal Nature. Their finding sprang from a
scientific collaboration that straddled the fields of biology and
mathematics and spanned research centers from California to the Swiss
Alps. Working with colleagues from Harvard University, the University
of Washington, Chicago's Field Museum, and institutions in England and
Switzerland, Tavar¨¦ used a novel mathematical approach to help answer a
major piece of the evolutionary puzzle. Past Views The search for the
first primate¡ªthat is, the last animal to have been an ancestor of all
members of the primate family tree¡ªhas long intrigued scientists and
others interested in humanity's evolutionary origins. From the oldest
known fossil remains of primates, paleontologists have determined that
some ancient members of our evolutionary family lived and died at least
as far back as 55 million years ago. Fossils alone, however, cannot
disclose precisely when members of the last common ancestral species
began to segregate into distinct populations that eventually gave rise
to the modern array of some 200 primate species. That's because the
fossil record is incomplete. Paleontologists can't tell how close any
particular specimen was to the progenitor of the primates. So,
to approach the problem from another angle, scientists in the field of
molecular genetics have compared subtle differences in the DNA of
living primates.

Geneticists can tell how recently
two species diverged from a common ancestor from information etched in
the organisms' genes: The fewer differences researchers find between
two genetic codes, the more recently the species parted evolutionary
company.
Using this method, geneticists have concluded that about
90 million years have elapsed since all living primates shared their
last common ancestor.
Based on such studies, evolutionary
biologists such as Pennsylvania State University's Blair Hedges believe
that early primates lived alongside the great reptiles. '[Primates and
other] major groups of mammals evolved for tens of millions of years
before the dinosaurs became extinct,' Hedges said. That mass extinction
occurred about 65 million years ago. Fleshing out the Fossil Record

To reconcile the genetics-based date with the comparatively
young estimates of paleontologists, Tavar¨¦ and his colleagues fashioned
an evolutionary tree of the primates as it's known from fossils.
Not wanting to depend entirely on what paleontologists have
turned up, the researchers then fleshed out the rudimentary tree with
educated guesswork. They used mathematical equations to predict how
many species of primates are not represented in the fossil record, and
to predict when and for how long those species may have lived.
The resulting model¡ªbased loosely on hard evidence but
expanded to take into account species that lived and died out but
remain unknown to science¡ªsuggests that the earliest primate lived
about 81.5 million years ago, long before the age of the oldest fossils
uncovered by paleontologists.
'Naturally,' said Hedges, 'I am pleased with this result because it shows
agreement with our molecular-clock studies.'

Tavar¨¦'s team suggested that the earliest primates might have
been small, nocturnal creatures that inhabited tropical forests. But,
assuming they did exist that long ago, numerous forms could have
evolved prior to the fateful cataclysm that wiped out the dinosaurs 65
million years ago.
That event, presumably caused by a giant impact from
outerspace, didn't wipe out all primates living at the time, but
probably spared relatively few of them, Tavar¨¦ theorized. Those
primates that survived would have subsequently evolved into myriad
species.
'Of course, this is all speculation,' Tavar¨¦ acknowledged. 'We have not found
any fossils in that bin yet.'

In fact, scientists may never know how these proposed lost kin
of ours looked¡ªor be certain they existed at all¡ªunless paleontologists
someday recover fossilized remains.


By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA .
President:' Kutch Science Foundation'.
Founder :' Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch '.
Life Member:'kutch Itihaas Parishad'.
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj


Do
visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India,
Science Group of India & KUTCH science foundation and ALSO
JOIN US.
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