From: KutchScience @ Kutch Science Foundation
To: bhujkutch ; bhuj ; kachchh ; kutchastronomersclub; kutchsciencefoundation ;
scienceclubofindia ; kutchScience ; venustransit2004 ; DrBhudia@... ;
Vvikram ; Science CITY GUJARAT ; kutchmitra ; news@rediff ; mail@gujaratindia ;
editor@... ; panjokutch ; sandesh ; thehindu@... ;
audience@ndtv ; Vigyan Prasar ; Bharat News4Kutch
Sent: Tuesday, January 24, 2006 11:36 AM
Subject: Critics on Panchangs and calenders - and understanding the differences
of TIME/CLOCK keeping in day and Calender/adjustments in the History period.
Possible errors in historical dates.
Dear Friends of History, Science and Astronomy,
Regarding the last subject of our Ancient Planetary Panchang calendar some still
have doubts and raised Positive /Negative question regarding subjects as
follows. Though we can not teach them this way but definitely guide them if they
wish to study the subject them selves and work them selves out. there are no
shortage of such people at least in INDIA. one of the Astronomer in Indian
observatory is also working on the subject and he has also published the
concerned in news/media unser the headings of "believe me or not its not a 1st
January but 4th January" but pity no one bothered the statements and there are
only rare such to understand. but I am sure there are people understand better
about the subjects and put more light on the subjects.
Comment 1)
I am surprised to hear that year 2006 started 3 days late and none in the
astronomy community noticed this. Surprising ! BTW, how can we tell that it
was 3 days late? I mean what is the reference point? Another thing just out of
curiosity is that, how these events in the panchang are recorded? Are these data
derived from actual observations, calculations or are those taken from astronomy
community?
Re:- please Read the articles in "CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 84, NO. 1, 10 JANUARY
2003 21" and do not mix up in the mind about the differences of TIME/CLOCK
keeping in day and Calendar/adjustments in the History period. Possible errors
in historical dates. As after 1752 the errors are carried forwarded and
accumulated and need to be adjusted at certain time say either every 400 years
or when it becomes a due "10 days" difference the bate will come 11 instead of
1 in the end of the millennium.
Comment 2)
Old indian astronomical records are good, and fairly accurate. but that does not
mean we should think that they are the best observed values ever. The gregorian
calendar is used becuase it is pretty simple, as well as widely used - imagine
having learnt only the shaka system in india and going abroad to suddenly find
the rest of the world using the gregorian
calendar, or even worse, each country using their own calendar !
Re:- please Read the articles in "CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 84, NO. 1, 10 JANUARY
2003 21" we are adjusting the day length difference by adjusting a second on the
midnight of the new year eve as we did with a leap second this time, Also we are
adjusting the 29 Feb as a leap year day because of the days in one years are
adjusted every four year. And also we will READJUST that LEAP YEAR day in 400,
800, 1200 years interval but what about the errors are carried forward during
last adjustment done in 1752? there has not been any adjustment done during this
interval and so accounts are carried forward with accumulations. That is the
difference. READ MORE DETAILS in original records and calculate how much
adjustment is needed.
Comment 3)
1. How nutation is measured by naked eyes observation? 2. How rahu and ketu are
tracked. ( i have background knowledge....so please be as technical as u
can)Again, I have no objection on the beauty of panchang system. I believe it
was the best system over widest range of time.
Re:- Again please do not be confused with counting seconds , please Read the
articles in "CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 84, NO. 1, 10 JANUARY 2003 21" also all
details of all records available. No need to make a naked eye observations even
modern technology can be used to measurement it makes more accuracy. and even do
not rely on the software to give measurement as they give only their theoretical
version and if have any error will carry on with their results. ultimately a
practical observations are only true by means of any modern or ancient
technology available. Rahu/ketu measurements are all well explained in
ANCIENT?modern astronomy either in JAIPUR/Delhi observatory OR BY NASA. but no
one bothers to make their own calculations starting with TOTAL MID SOLAR
ECLIPSEs point. any way all ancient Observatory has their OLD history records of
observation done over the periods.
Very interesting if they are really study self / work them out only, I am
pleased that some are still interested about the ancient system of the planetary
calendar and timings. But just raising a question /doubt does not full fill that
all. one has to work hard and by selves to evolve and do the job by self by
actually visiting those places and WORKING there. SUN TEMPLEs are perfect
examples of calculation time day , months & seasons and orbits of Sun and
planetary aspects and eclipse. Ancient Observatories are perfect for
astronomical measurements and measuring all the aspects of planetary science and
timings, Eclipses and Rahu and Ketu and its movements and timings of orbits
crossing points of SUN and Moon planetary orbits.
More mathematically it has been well explained in a Rare and recently
unavailable book of "Spherical astronomy" book by W.M. SMART - MANY BOOKS ARE
NOT in the market and so many use only photocopied pages of those books. though
the books are more formulated and not a ready resource like an internet browse
and data copy /download data. may be difficult to understand or work with a
applied own brain.
TEXTBOOK ON SPHERICAL ASTRONOMY W.M. SMART 4 1956
TEXTBOOK ON SPHERICAL ASTRONOMY W.M. SMART 5 1971
TEXTBOOK ON SPHERICAL ASTRONOMY W.M. SMART R.M. GREEN (Re.) 6 1977
and translated to "GOLIYA KHAGOL VIGYAN" by University Granth Nirman Board -
may be available in many old science libraries. Government of India has produced
last report of Report of the "PANCHANG SANSODHAN" also in Gujarati copy
"PANCHANG SANSODHAN samiti aheval" explaining how different panchangs were
evolved and how it works. That's again a rare report and not available
ordinarily but had to trace that by self and not just to read but to
study/calculate it. Recently an Indian Astronomer published a report on new
years day saying that "believe me or not this is not a new year day 1/1/2006 but
4/1/2006" but no body even noticed that comment and how could any one notice
that as long as they also do not have any thing to understand that statement or
to comment on not negatively but positively.
I am really pleased that many modern astronomy workers are returning to study
back from those ancient astronomical archaeological monuments. though after many
hard discussions One of such DELHI Planetarium had very good activity @ Delhi
Jantar Mantar and really thanks to Dr Ratnaji. who sincerely realised the
importance of that and carried out many activity in Delhi during Venus transit
2004. all doubts and discussion are available in message groups
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/ &
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit/
During Moguls empire time most of such monuments are destroyed by aggressions
(12 to 15 century) Western occupation by application of forcibly western
calendar system and gradually discarding the traditional Planetary calendars (16
to 19 century) and rest we are still carrying it out after independence.
We do have many Ancient Astronomical archaeological places such as JANTAR
MANTARs , VEDH SHALAs, Sun TEMPLEs of most are either destroyed or at the brisk
of non use. Unluckily all such monuments either destroyed or in non working
situation because of most of do not know about their working methods or
restricted use of those. Many do visits those for just for interest of only
Visiting / photography but never do any observations work there because of
ignorance of the subjects. please do not take any thing personal bur There is
one Kahavat "Hiro GHOGHE jai aavyo ane Deli ye HAATh dai aavyo" where "Gogha" is
the Port of "GHOGHA" in BHAVNAGAR.
FORWARDED: Tuesday, January 24, 2006 2:37 PM
Subject: Possible errors in historical dates: Error in correction from Julian to
Gregorian calendars
SCIENTIFIC CORRESPONDENCE
CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 84, NO. 1, 10 JANUARY 2003 21
Possible errors in historical dates: Error in correction from Julian to
Gregorian calendars We have studied five major historical events reported
between 1630 and 1680 AD, where detailed references to the stars in the night
sky are available. We show that the descriptions of the star patterns at that
time are off by exactly ten days.
For example, the solar eclipse reported in one example to occur on 20 March 1680
in fact occurred on 30 March 1680 according to the current (Gregorian) calendar.
This is checked using a computer simulation package (SkyMap Pro) and Oppelzer's
Canon of Eclipses1. We attribute this error in dating historical event(s) due to
the switchover from Julian to Gregorian calendars in the latter half of the 18th
century. Important events in Indian history are dated to an accuracy of a
specific date that is calculated based on the documentation of a specific
period(s) and historical references. However, it is often difficult to verify
these dates by independent means since historical references do not often carry
independent markers. However, documents on comparatively recent Indian history
often give detailed description of astronomical events, which can be
independently verified using modern software programs designed using data from
high precision astrometry satellites like Hipparcos and Tycho. It is observed
that while writing the history of Shivaji Maharaj, nearly all the evidences are
written according to the Julian calendar. Due to many defects, this calendar was
reformed by Pope Gregory in 1582 AD and it was announced that after 4 October
the next date will not be 5 October but 15 October.
Hence ten days were deleted from the Julian calendar, which is now named as the
Gregorian calendar. The Catholic community immediately accepted this change but
the Protestants, including the British accepted it only after 170 years, that is
on 2 September 1752 AD. They took the next day as 14 September 1752 AD. This has
a difference of 11 days because in the 170 years the difference between the two
calendars increased from 10 days to 11 days. As the Protestants were ruling many
countries across the world, such countries continued to use the Julian calendar
till that time. In India also all the history written by British historians is
according to the Julian calendar up to 1752 AD. Julius Caesar introduced the
Julian calendar and put it in practice in 45 BC.
The duration of a year in his calendar was 365.25 days as found by the
Egyptians. It differs from both the sidereal period Nakshatra varsha of 365.2564
days used in India and the tropical year of seasons equal to 365.2422 days. The
two differ because Vernal Equinox (ascending node of earth's orbit) moves
backwards, that is towards the west due to the precession of the earth's axis of
rotation around ecliptic poles at the rate of about 1 degree in 72 years. This
produces a difference of 1 day in about 71 years in the Indian calendar, and of
1 day in 128 years in the Julian calendar. In 325 AD, the sun used to enter
Vernal Equinox on 21 March. In the Julian calendar therefore, it was declared
that 21 March will be the Vernal Equinox day and it was related to the
resurrection of Christ. However, the error due to precession was not taken into
account while fixing this date. By the late 1500s the discrepancy became marked.
In 1582 AD, i.e. in 1258 years, the sun started entering the Vernal Equinox ten
days earlier (1258 × 0.0078 = 9.8 days). So on 11 March the sun entered the
Vernal Equinox point. To correct this problem, Pope Gregory cancelled ten days
of that year and after 4 October 1582 the next day was declared as 15 October
1582. The period of Gregorian calendar is 365.2425 days. So, there is still a
difference of 0.0003 days. In spite of this, for the next 3000 years the sun
will enter Vernal Equinox near 21 March2. In the history of Shivaji Maharaj,
historians have converted the moon's position (Tithi) into Julian dates.
However, after the British left, India has continued to use the Gregorian
calendar introduced by the British in 1752. So, from 1582 to 1752 AD the
difference of 10 or 11 days is also reflected in the calculation of Tithi. As a
result, by Julian calendar 20 March 1680 was new moon, but by Gregorian calendar
it was on 30 March 1680. This is highlighted in the records of events associated
with the life and times of Shivaji Maharaj. A difference of ten days is also
noted in the eclipse of January 1665 and August 1673, in the dates of stone
inscriptions of Karnataka3.
According to historians4, the date of birth of Shivaji Maharaj was in the month
of Falgun and the Tithi was Vadya Tritiya. Bhavar, Baneda and Bikaner horoscopes
of Shivaji Maharaj indicate that he was born on Sinha Lagna5. Time of birth
mentioned in Jedhe Shakavali and Shivabharata volumes yields Simha lagna only.
This is three days after the full moon day of the month of Falgun.
This also means that the moon was near the asterism Purva or Uttara Falguni (in
Leo) when it was full and after three days, it was in Hasta (Corvus) or Chitra
(Spica) in Virgo asterism. Also, three days after the full moon day, the moon
must have risen 156 min (52 × 3) later than on full moon night. So the moonrise
must be approximately at 9 p.m. At that time the rising zodiacal constellation
was Virgo. But the birth time of Shivaji Maharaj was in the evening, after
sunset. So at that time the earlier constellation
Leo must be rising on the eastern horizon.
In the history of Shivaji Maharaj, his birthday is mentioned as 19 February
1630. However, the above references do not match with the star patterns on this
date as extrapolated back in the Gregorian calendar. They match very precisely
on 1 March 1630 (ten days later). Another and probably more accurate example is
the partial solar eclipse visible from fort Raigad in the year 1680. In the
various biographies of Shivaji Maharaj, it is mentioned that partial solar
eclipse was visible on 20 March 1680.
From the Gregorian calendar there were no chances of an eclipse on that day
because the sun was in Pisces and moon was in Libra. But on 30 March 1680, an
eclipse did occur. It was in the constellation of Pisces. From Raigad the
eclipse started at 4 h 37 min in the evening. The sun was 30 degrees above the
horizon. The mid-eclipse time was 5 h 41 min in the evening. The sun was only 15
degrees above the horizon. The eclipse ended at time 6 h 38 m in the evening
when the sun was only 1.5 degrees above horizon1. This observation exactly
matches with the documented history. Table 1 gives many other events in the life
of Shivaji Maharaj, which confirm our observations. All the tithis are taken
from ref. 4.
BELOW TWO scanned pages are pasted. if you can not get those please give a mail
to get that by personal mail - without will be difficult to understand the
issues.
By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Dear Friends of Geology and science ,
Geology expedition of Kutch and RANN of the KUTCH Wish you all a very Happy
Republic day 2006.
Fossil also has lifespan, as it takes time to form, it also get destroyed as
time pass, weather and nature destroys them as time goes on and so after 500
-600 million years later fossils are difficult to trace or identify them. So if
we do not find any fossils beyond the time 1bn years old does not mean that
there was no life. Life was there too and may be fossilised later and eventually
may have destroyed those fossilised evidences as time ticks on.
Kutch is believed to be such main land which was part of Original Gondwana land
(JUMBU DWIP). and so as fossils of the area does suggest that. but that goes
back only to the certain period of the time limit. But scientist and Vedas do
agree that fife was existing well before that. (Both views are in favour of life
origin was started before 2bn years back). so where are those evidences and
fossils? naturally nature has power to regenerate and destroy itself.
1) Eastern kutch: Vagad - khadir and Chobari (Land of Pandavas):- Khadir and
whole of the Great RANN of the kutch - is also rich in the fossilised land area
and holds clues for origin of the life on the Earth itself. Chobari has
fossilised marine and sea shore cell shell. suggesting the area lift up at a
later stage than the main land kutch. Ramvav Fossils of fresh water fishes and
bones hold the clues for fresh water life later than the main land formation.
With the gradual lift up of the area of river basins shifted the course of
sindhu towards the west where it is at the present and saraswati basin dried up
slowly with the seismic lift up of the river basin area. where at present we can
see the underground water flow is still existing well near to the ground levels
though in other place water level has well deep down and some places too deep to
irrigate. so government also trying to revive that by putting water back in the
Rann of the Kutch and also make a fresh water sarovar by Narmada water in the
little ran of kutch. as that area is just as sea level on GPS readings. and
Narmada water can flow to sea levelled small Rann of the kutch just by
gravitation only.
Only we might loose an area of NANDA in little Rann of the Kutch which is reach
for its speciality of wild life and habitant for lesser flamingo nursery and
Wild ass -Gudkhar.
Black mountain is the highest mountain range of the kutch mountains ranges. and
guru datatreya is the highest peak of those range. But even at that highest peak
we find variety of fossils ranging from marine origin and corals to vegetative
and fresh water fish and bones. means those have been formed at different time
scales but those looks superimposed and formed twice as phase two fossil
formation. and later nature and weather has exposed them in a single place and
at the same time.
still some area is inaccessible as water and salt make it not explorable, that
area remains the reserved biosphere holding the secretes of the origin of the
life and research needs to be carried out in that respect. government has
proposed plan for that in more details will be in other parts of mail discussion
in the fossils of the great rann of the Kutch.
ADD on formation of the kutch eastern land rivers & fresh water fossils - Ramvav
Fossils .Plants, Animals, Brachiopods, Gastropods, Belemnites, Corals, Bony
fish.
2) Western Kutch - Abadasa Vamoti Hills and Lakhpat MatanoMad hills and
kateshwar area:- the area of Abadasa shows the lift up in late cretaceous. and
so formation of land has fossil formation of the Sea Shells - (Blowing Shanks)
of that time and also formation of fossil fuel - we have explored area before 25
years for about two years on our routine work schedules and we found a fossil
fuel oozing out of the ground and vaporising and leaving the distinct sign of
the oily marks on the sand of the area between Prajau and Vadapadhhar Near
JAKHAU. and drilling exploration work will start for oil exploration in that sea
shore are.
Lakhpat is also rich in the fossil area not only for marine life but also fresh
water animal shells and also on Pollen fossil formation, giving clues of the
vegetations on that area and also water - fresh water and its life and also
marine evidences for the formation of the land of the area. and vegetative and
pollen fossils are suggestive of early plant life. Murchban area near Matano
mad and Mad kotada (MatanoMad hills ) is also rich in coral fossils as well as
fresh water animal shell fossil. lakhpat coal mine area is having not only
fossil fuel but also suggestive of the forests in the Kutch during that time and
giant pre Jurassic animal fossils of giant crocodilian. a skeleton of
crocodilian from coal mine (pre Jurassic crocodile ancestors) used to be giant
size of 9 to 12 meters (unlike today's 3-4 meter size crocodiles) long giant
crocodilian who used to prey on dinosaur's ancestors.
As that was the time scale of cretaceous/jurasic bondary time - forests in the
kutch and that forest was formed in to coal mine and those crocodilian are used
to be giant at that time, those findings are conclusive. and if any mistakes
are made to date less than that time needs correction. if any carbon dating
methods used for dating as carbon dating is not effective and not a correct
method for long time dating of millions of years. carbon dating can be used for
shorter time scales correctively and effectively as it has shorter half life
time. (time in 10000s to 100,000s years are effective way to use carbon dating
methods).
ADD on NAND nanu, Murchaban fossils and fresh water fossils.
3) Northern Kutch : Black mountain range and Kaurbet - Mori bet area. The whole
range formed much later than the main land kutch and whole of the of the great
Rann of Kutch was originally part of undersea land. later lift up of northern
hill range along with black mountain of the Kutch was formed and is full of the
fossil history of the area. and is as rich as Khatrod range fossils. later that
sea bottom was up lifted with gradual seismic lift up and holding the clues of
the undisturbed fossilised history of the formation of that time scale. With the
formation of the Himalayas and formation of the river Sindhu and Saraswati
(Ghaghara hakkar) water flew to the south towards the kutch in the Rann of the
kutch forming a fresh water lake reserve where there used to be sea water and
sea water moved back due to lift up of the Rann area. so we do find the old
fossils of marine shells and coral fossils as well as fresh water fish bones and
shells and also vegetation of the land and pollen fossil formation and also land
dinosaurs fossils in kaurbet dating back not only to Jurassic but also pre
Jurassic 178 mn years back - Dino fossils back to cretaceous period and also
fossil fuel formation - by Dr Daas on ONGC exploration drilling in Kunvar bet in
1999
We found variety of fossils in single place and also in different places.
kaurbet -Kunvar bet and moribet was land area surrounded by fresh water of
Sindhu saraswati. and the area was vegetative and so pre-Jurassic/Jurassic
animals were living in that land area. and findings of 178 mn years old
bones/tooth fossils by Dr Daas during drilling in the kunvar bet area on ONGC
mission in 1999 are confirmative. at that time origin of the flow of the water
of Sindhu / saraswati was not the Himalaya as that time that source was not
there at all. water from the Indian continental plate was the source of the
water and later with the formation of Himalayas and new tributaries joined those
existing water channels to form the famous rivers of Sindhu saraswati.
With the gradual lift up of the area of river basins shifted the course of
sindhu towards the west where it is at the present and saraswati basin dried up
slowly with the seismic lift up of the river basin area. where at present we can
see the underground water flow is still existing well near to the ground levels
though in other place water level has well deep down and some places too deep to
irrigate. so government also trying to revive that by putting water back in the
Rann of the Kutch and also make a fresh water sarovar by Narmada water in the
little ran of kutch. as that area is just as sea level on GPS readings. and
Narmada water can flow to sea levelled small Rann of the kutch just by
gravitation only.
Only we might loose an area of NANDA in little Rann of the Kutch which is reach
for its speciality of wild life and habitant for lesser flamingo nursery and
Wild ass -Gudkhar.
Black mountain is the highest mountain range of the kutch mountains ranges. and
guru datatreya is the highest peak 1437 ft of those range. But even at that
highest peak we find variety of fossils ranging from marine origin and corals to
vegetative and fresh water fish and bones. means those have been formed at
different time scales but those looks superimposed and formed twice as phase two
fossil formation. and later nature and weather has exposed them in a single
place and at the same time.
still some area is inaccessible as water and salt make it not explorable, that
area remains the reserved biosphere holding the secretes of the origin of the
life and research needs to be carried out in that respect. government has
proposed plan for that in more details will be in other parts of mail discussion
in the fossils of the great rann of the Kutch.
ADD on formation of the kutch Northern land rivers & fresh water fossils - Black
mountain/ great Rann of Kutch Fossils Dholo - Pachchhmi, Jhura range hills.
4) RANN of the Kutch & Salt lake of the RAN of the Kutch:- From West to East -
Koteshshwar, Narayan sarovar, Lakhapat , kateshwar range, Kaur bet, Mori bet
VigaKot, northern edge of Black mountains , Pachham range, Vagad - area Chobari,
Ekalmata, khadir range fossils.
As the area is isolated - Difficult to disturb is well preserved by human
activity and as restricted to human activity and under the control of BSF and
military forces for the security reasons. But with request to special
exploration with BSF we explored the area of Not only the Black mountain range
but also deep to the limit to the national boundary in the desert. Including
area of Kaur -Kunvar bet , Mori bet and deep to VigaKot and found the evidences
of fossilised marine and fresh water life fossils.
We took the teams of the selected students along with teachers to introduce the
area. for purpose of the History and introducing our borders and also
exploration and study science and geology of the area. as time permitted we
realised that we need to visit again that area to complete the work. and
suddenly commanding officer of the area realised our visit and CO of BSF visited
us to take us to those place again to revisit that area with their team and
collaborate them to explore and investigate those are. so as to full fill both
activity - reinvestigation and exploration of the area and introduce an share
the resources and collaborate the exploration and investigation with BSF and
science group of India
ADD on formation of the kutch RANN & rivers & fresh water fossils - Rann of
kutch fossils, fish and animals fresh water and marine. Plants, Brachiopods,
Gastropods, Corals, worms, crinoids, Bony fish, dinosaurs,
Full detailed report can be requested by Email reply with the area of the
required area name.
By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Dear Friends of Science and Astronomy,
Regarding the last subject of our Ancient Planetary Panchang calendar some still
have doubts and raised Positive /Negative question regarding subjects as
follows. Though we can not teach them this way but definitely guide them if they
wish to study the subject them selves and work them selves out.
Comment 1)
I am surprised to hear that year 2006 started 3 days late and none in the
astronomy community noticed this. Surprising ! BTW, how can we tell that it
was 3 days late? I mean what is the reference point? Another thing just out of
curiosity is that, how these events in the panchang are recorded? Are these data
derived from actual observations, calculations or are those taken from astronomy
community?
Comment 2)
Old indian astronomical records are good, and fairly accurate. but that does not
mean we should think that they are the best observed values ever. The gregorian
calendar is used becuase it is pretty simple, as well as widely used - imagine
having learnt only the shaka system in india and going abroad to suddenly find
the rest of the world using the gregorian
calendar, or even worse, each country using their own calendar !
Comment 3)
1. How nutation is measured by naked eyes observation? 2. How rahu and ketu are
tracked. ( i have background knowledge....so please be as technical as u can)
Again, I have no objection on the beauty of panchang system. I believe it was
the best system over widest range of time.
Very interesting if they are realy study self / work them out only, I am pleased
that some are still interested about the ancient system of the planetary
calendar and timings. But just raising a question /doubt does not full fill that
all. one has to work hard and by selves to evolve and do the job by self by
actually visiting those places and WORKING there. SUN TEMPLEs are perfect
examples of calculation time day , months & seasons and orbits of Sun and
planetary aspects and eclipse. Ancient Observatories are perfect for
astronomical measurements and measuring all the aspects of planetary science and
timings, Eclipses and Rahu and Ketu and its movements and timings of orbits
crossing points of SUN and Moon planetary orbits.
More mathematically it has been well explained in a Rare and recently
unavailable book of "Spherical astronomy" book by W.M. SMART - MANY BOOKS ARE
NOT in the market and so many use only photocopied pages of those books. though
the books are more formulated and not a ready resource like an internet browse
and data copy /download data. may be difficult to understand or work with a
applied own brain.
TEXTBOOK ON SPHERICAL ASTRONOMY W.M. SMART 4 1956
TEXTBOOK ON SPHERICAL ASTRONOMY W.M. SMART 5 1971
TEXTBOOK ON SPHERICAL ASTRONOMY W.M. SMART R.M. GREEN (Re.) 6 1977
and translated to "GOLIYA KHAGOL VIGYAN" by University Granth Nirman Board -
may be available in many old science libraries. Government of India has produced
last report of Report of the "PANCHANG SANSODHAN" also in Gujarati copy
"PANCHANG SANSODHAN samiti aheval" explaining how different panchangs were
evolved and how it works. That's again a rare report and not available
ordinarily but had to trace that by self and not just to read but to
study/calculate it. Recently an Indian Astronomer published a report on new
years day saying that "believe me or not this is not a new year day 1/1/2006 but
4/1/2006" but no body even noticed that comment and how could any one notice
that as long as they also do not have any thing to understand that statement or
to comment on not negatively but positively.
I am really pleased that many modern astronomy workers are returning to study
back from those ancient astronomical archaeological monuments. though after many
hard discussions One of such DELHI Planetarium had very good activity @ Delhi
Jantar Mantar and really thanks to Dr Ratnaji. who sincerely realised the
importance of that and carried out many activity in Delhi during Venus transit
2004. all doubts and discussion are available in message groups
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
During Moguls empire time most of such monuments are destroyed by aggressions
(12 to 15 century) Western occupation by application of forcibly western
calendar system and gradually discarding the traditional Planetary calendars (16
to 19 century) and rest we are still carrying it out after independence.
We do have many Ancient Astronomical archaeological places such as JANTAR
MANTARs , VEDH SHALAs, Sun TEMPLEs of most are either destroyed or at the brisk
of non use. Unluckily all such monuments either destroyed or in non working
situation because of most of do not know about their working methods or
restricted use of those. Many do visits those for just for interest of only
Visiting / photography but never do any observations work there because of
ignorance of the subjects. please do not take any thing personal bur There is
one Kahavat "Hiro GHOGHE jai aavyo ane Deli ye HAATh dai aavyo" where "Gogha" is
the Port of "GHOGHA" in BHAVNAGAR.
By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
SCIENTIFIC CORRESPONDENCE
CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 84, NO. 1, 10 JANUARY 2003 21
Possible errors in historical dates: Error in correction from Julian to
Gregorian calendars We have studied five major historical events reported
between 1630 and 1680 AD, where detailed references to the stars in the night
sky are available. We show that the descriptions of the star patterns at that
time are off by exactly ten days.
For example, the solar eclipse reported in one example to occur on 20 March 1680
in fact occurred on 30 March 1680 according to the current (Gregorian) calendar.
This is checked using a computer simulation package (SkyMap Pro) and Oppelzer's
Canon of Eclipses1. We attribute this error in dating historical event(s) due to
the switchover from Julian to Gregorian calendars in the latter half of the 18th
century. Important events in Indian history are dated to an accuracy of a
specific date that is calculated based on the documentation of a specific
period(s) and historical references. However, it is often difficult to verify
these dates by independent means since historical references do not often carry
independent markers. However, documents on comparatively recent Indian history
often give detailed description of astronomical events, which can be
independently verified using modern software programs designed using data from
high precision astrometry satellites like Hipparcos and Tycho. It is observed
that while writing the history of Shivaji Maharaj, nearly all the evidences are
written according to the Julian calendar. Due to many defects, this calendar was
reformed by Pope Gregory in 1582 AD and it was announced that after 4 October
the next date will not be 5 October but 15 October.
Hence ten days were deleted from the Julian calendar, which is now named as the
Gregorian calendar. The Catholic community immediately accepted this change but
the Protestants, including the British accepted it only after 170 years, that is
on 2 September 1752 AD. They took the next day as 14 September 1752 AD. This has
a difference of 11 days because in the 170 years the difference between the two
calendars increased from 10 days to 11 days. As the Protestants were ruling many
countries across the world, such countries continued to use the Julian calendar
till that time. In India also all the history written by British historians is
according to the Julian calendar up to 1752 AD. Julius Caesar introduced the
Julian calendar and put it in practice in 45 BC.
The duration of a year in his calendar was 365.25 days as found by the
Egyptians. It differs from both the sidereal period Nakshatra varsha of 365.2564
days used in India and the tropical year of seasons equal to 365.2422 days. The
two differ because Vernal Equinox (ascending node of earth's orbit) moves
backwards, that is towards the west due to the precession of the earth's axis of
rotation around ecliptic poles at the rate of about 1 degree in 72 years. This
produces a difference of 1 day in about 71 years in the Indian calendar, and of
1 day in 128 years in the Julian calendar. In 325 AD, the sun used to enter
Vernal Equinox on 21 March. In the Julian calendar therefore, it was declared
that 21 March will be the Vernal Equinox day and it was related to the
resurrection of Christ. However, the error due to precession was not taken into
account while fixing this date. By the late 1500s the discrepancy became marked.
In 1582 AD, i.e. in 1258 years, the sun started entering the Vernal Equinox ten
days earlier (1258 × 0.0078 = 9.8 days). So on 11 March the sun entered the
Vernal Equinox point. To correct this problem, Pope Gregory cancelled ten days
of that year and after 4 October 1582 the next day was declared as 15 October
1582. The period of Gregorian calendar is 365.2425 days. So, there is still a
difference of 0.0003 days. In spite of this, for the next 3000 years the sun
will enter Vernal Equinox near 21 March2. In the history of Shivaji Maharaj,
historians have converted the moon's position (Tithi) into Julian dates.
However, after the British left, India has continued to use the Gregorian
calendar introduced by the British in 1752. So, from 1582 to 1752 AD the
difference of 10 or 11 days is also reflected in the calculation of Tithi. As a
result, by Julian calendar 20 March 1680 was new moon, but by Gregorian calendar
it was on 30 March 1680. This is highlighted in the records of events associated
with the life and times of Shivaji Maharaj. A difference of ten days is also
noted in the eclipse of January 1665 and August 1673, in the dates of stone
inscriptions of Karnataka3.
According to historians4, the date of birth of Shivaji Maharaj was in the month
of Falgun and the Tithi was Vadya Tritiya. Bhavar, Baneda and Bikaner horoscopes
of Shivaji Maharaj indicate that he was born on Sinha Lagna5. Time of birth
mentioned in Jedhe Shakavali and Shivabharata volumes yields Simha lagna only.
This is three days after the full moon day of the month of Falgun.
This also means that the moon was near the asterism Purva or Uttara Falguni (in
Leo) when it was full and after three days, it was in Hasta (Corvus) or Chitra
(Spica) in Virgo asterism. Also, three days after the full moon day, the moon
must have risen 156 min (52 × 3) later than on full moon night. So the moonrise
must be approximately at 9 p.m. At that time the rising zodiacal constellation
was Virgo. But the birth time of Shivaji Maharaj was in the evening, after
sunset. So at that time the earlier constellation
Leo must be rising on the eastern horizon.
In the history of Shivaji Maharaj, his birthday is mentioned as 19 February
1630. However, the above references do not match with the star patterns on this
date as extrapolated back in the Gregorian calendar. They match very precisely
on 1 March 1630 (ten days later). Another and probably more accurate example is
the partial solar eclipse visible from fort Raigad in the year 1680. In the
various biographies of Shivaji Maharaj, it is mentioned that partial solar
eclipse was visible on 20 March 1680.
From the Gregorian calendar there were no chances of an eclipse on that day
because the sun was in Pisces and moon was in Libra. But on 30 March 1680, an
eclipse did occur. It was in the constellation of Pisces. From Raigad the
eclipse started at 4 h 37 min in the evening. The sun was 30 degrees above the
horizon. The mid-eclipse time was 5 h 41 min in the evening. The sun was only 15
degrees above the horizon. The eclipse ended at time 6 h 38 m in the evening
when the sun was only 1.5 degrees above horizon1. This observation exactly
matches with the documented history. Table 1 gives many other events in the life
of Shivaji Maharaj, which confirm our observations. All the tithis are taken
from ref. 4.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Dear Friends of Science and Astronomy,
We generally used to believe that new Gregorian calendar is more stable and easy
to understand and predict. But that's because we just know only that and do not
see our old PANCHANG as westerners has discarded and so we followed them blindly
too. But the Dates are not correct and so actually new year day 1/1/06 was 3
days late and that was actual 4/1/06 as Sun position in the sky star map for new
year positioned before 3 days. Not only that in 19 Century 1878 actual
astronomically Moon and Sun positioned for DIWALI early on 27Sept.
1) 14/10/1878 kartak krushnapaksha trutiya somvar Sanvat 1935 means Diwali was
27/28Sept.
2) 01/10/1883 ashvin krishnapaksha amavasya somvar Sanvat 1940 Diwali
As no one can change the positions of Moon and the Sun the most stable calendar
is adapted in our ancient life. But with only a new calendar make to understand
it more difficult. Do not be confused let me give an simple example.
Why the predictions of Eclipses become difficult with new calendars. because
unsynchronised with the Sun and Planetary aspects. if we ask any one to predict
eclipses most of will struggle to do so with new dates. and as we are not in
touch with our ancient calendar system.
But with our Ancient Panchang Calendars it is very easy to predict if we are in
touch with that type of Calendars and used to it. e.g. all solar eclipse are
regularly follows every year of lunar Months (AND ADJUSTED MONTH - after 2007,
every 3 years). And Solar Eclipse is on AMAVSYA only not following Dates - so
there is simple tradition to follow that. That's why record do exist that
Mahabharat was having a Total Solar ECLIPSE. but now with new calendars ONLY
fools do say that some one else just predicted eclipse correctly!!!
Take some examples of recent Solar eclipses as follows:-
2005 April 8 Friday Annular-Total 100.8% 0m46.8s Partial: New Zealand, Pacific
Ocean, Central and Southern America, Southern and Eastern part of USA
Total: Pacific Ocean
Annular: Costa Rica, Panama, Columbia, Venezuela,
2005 October 3 Monday Annular 95.8 % 4m26.4s Partial: Europe, Africa,
South-West Asia, Indian Subcontinent, Indian Ocean
Annular: Portugal, Spain, Algeria, Tunesia, Libya, Chad, Sudan,
Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia
2006 March 29 Wednesday Total 105.2% 4m10.9s Partial: Eastern parts of
Brazil, Atlantic Ocean, Europe, Africa, Asia
Total: Brazil, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Niger, Chad, Libya, Egypt,
Turkey, Georgia, Russia, Kazakstan, (Mongolia)
2006 September 22 Friday Annular 93.6% 7m04.2s Partial: South America,
Atlantic Ocean, Western and Southern Africa, Antarctica
Annular: Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana, Brazil
2007 March 19 Monday Partial 84.4% Partial: Asia, Alaska
2007 September 11 Tuesday Partial 79.5% Partial: South America,
Antarctica
There is a Good Chance to watch the total Solar eclipse 2006 March 29 Wednesday,
13h 56m 00s but only with due CARE. As the area is geologically unstable and
needs heath security and beware of Avian flue cross infections.
New developments going to happen
Kharoi Villega Museum development @
http://www.gujaratsamachar.com/gsa/20051205/guj/gujarat/news54.html
Rann of Kutch as Biosphere reservation @
http://www.gujaratsamachar.com/gsa/20051206/guj/gujarat/news52.html
MatanoMAD and narayan sarovar Tourism development @
http://www.gujaratsamachar.com/gsa/20051207/guj/gujarat/news53.html
Sun
Time:
2006 March 29 Wednesday, 13h 56m 00s
JD: 2453823.9555605 TDT: 2453823.9563113 deltaT: 64.87 sec
Apparent sideral time: Local: 1h 25m 33.252s Greenwich: 23h 22m 50.052s
(All times in EEST, UTC+03:00, topocentric data for User Site, Turkey)
Carrington rotation with number 2041 started at 14. Mar. 2006, 16:55:41 EET
Geocentric:
True distance: 0.9984608 AU Light time: 0h 08m 18.2s
Equatorial Coordinates
Apparent: R.A. 0h 31m 38.5s Dec. + 3d 24' 53.9"
Ecliptical Coordinates
Geometric: Lon. 8d 37' 04.8" Lat. - 0d 00' 00.1" (mean equinox,
ecliptic of date)
At zenith: Lon. 17d 12' 07" Lat. + 3d 24' 54" (WGS84 coordinates)
Topocentric:
Airfree coordinates
Altitude: 54.2857 deg Azimuth: 203.4891 deg Direction:
South-Southwest SSW
Astrometric: R.A. 0h 31m 19.3s Dec. + 3d 22' 44.4" (J2000)
Apparent: R.A. 0h 31m 38.4s Dec. + 3d 24' 49.0"
Coordinates including refraction
Altitude: 54.30 deg Azimuth: 203.49 deg Direction: South-Southwest
SSW
Apparent: R.A. 0h 31m 39s Dec. + 3d 25' 29"
Rises: 6h 48.1m (Azimuth: 85.2° E)
Transit: 13h 02m 06.4s (Altitude: +56.50°)
Sets: 19h 16.7m (Azimuth: 275.0° W)
Time above horizon: 12h 28.7m
In constellation Pisces (Psc)
In zodiac sign Aries, 8.6°
Physical:
Diameter: + 0d 32' 02.25"
Visual magnitude: -27.0 mag
Sub-Earth Phi: -6.68 deg, Lambda: 164.4 deg (CM Central Meridian)
Carrington Rotation Number: 2041
PositionAngle of axis: 333.97 deg (from North to East)
Position Angle of axis: 315.22 deg (from Zenith to East)
Print
Local Circumstances for Solar Eclipse (or Transit)
Wednesday 29 March 2006 Time Object Event
12h37m34.6s Partial Solar Eclipse begins
Position angle=226.1°, Position angle vertex=235.0°, Altitude=56.0°,
Azimuth=169.0° S
13h54m25.7s Umbra eclipse begins
Position angle=193.1°, Position angle vertex=174.9°, Altitude=54.4°,
Azimuth=202.8° SSW
13h56m00.4s Maximum eclipse: Total Solar Eclipse
Magnitude=105.019%, Obscuration=100.000%
Separation=27.29", Position angle=137.5°, Position angle
vertex=118.8°, Altitude=54.3°, Azimuth=203.5° SSW,
Duration partial phase=2.59 hours Duration total/annular phase=3.15
minutes, ET-UT=64.9sec
?Load path of the Total Solar Eclipse into Google Earth
13h57m34.9s Umbra eclipse ends
Position angle=82.1°, Position angle vertex=62.8°, Altitude=54.2°,
Azimuth=204.1° SSW
15h12m47.2s Partial Solar Eclipse ends
Position angle=49.7°, Position angle vertex=11.8°, Altitude=45.1°,
Azimuth=229.7° SW
Export to Outlook/PDA Print
Current Local Data of Eclipse
Total Solar Eclipse
Magnitude=105.019%, Obscuration=100.000%,
Position angle=137.5° Position angle vertex=118.8°, Altitude=54.3°,
Azimuth=203.5° SSW
Separation=27.3", 0.0284 Sun Radi,
dRA=18.4", 0.0192 Sun Radi, dDec=-20.1", -0.0209 Sun Radi
Maximum eclipse: Total Solar Eclipse
Magnitude=105.019%, Obscuration=100.000%
Separation=27.29", Position angle=137.5°, Position angle
vertex=118.8°, Altitude=54.3°, Azimuth=203.5° SSW,
Duration partial phase=2.59 hours Duration total/annular phase=3.15
minutes, ET-UT=64.9sec
?Load path of the Total Solar Eclipse into Google Earth
By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Dear Friends of Geology and science , Wish you all a very happy and prosparous
new year 2006
Geology expedition of Kutch and RANN of the KUTCH - Main land Kutch and its main
Rivers Khari Pur river basins.
Fossil also has lifespan, as it takes time to form, it also get destroyed as
time pass, weather and nature destroys them as time goes on and so after 500
-600 million years later fossils are difficult to trace or identify them. So if
we do not find any fossils beyond the time 1bn years old does not mean that
there was no life. Life was there too and may be fossilised later and eventually
may have destroyed those fossilised evidences as time ticks on.
Kutch is believed to be such main land which was part of Original Gondwana land
(JUMBU DWIP). and so as fossils of the area does suggest that. but that goes
back only to the certain period of the time limit. But scientist and Vedas do
agree that fife was existing well before that. (Both views are in favour of life
origin was started before 2bn years back). so where are those evidences and
fossils? naturally nature has power to regenerate and destroy itself.
ADD on formation of the kutch main land & rivers & Marine fossils - Khatrod
range of Fossils, Wood Fossils and Pre Jurassic animal bones and eggs fossils.
1) Main land Kutch and Main land river basin - KHARI & Zadko Zadki : -As main
land kutch was the original and part of Original Gondwana land (JUMBU DWIP) it
has secretes held in it. and its main land river basins. Main land Kutch and its
main Rivers Khari Pur river basins are explored and exploration work gave some
very interesting results. As main land is the oldest land of Kutch - most
probably all fossilised and evidential may have been destroyed by nature. and so
to examine the fact we visited to the areas of hills and layers of rivers KHARI
- Pur & ZADKO ZADKI.
Naturally we find difficulty to trace any fossilised evidences in that area of
hills of Bhuj and Bhujio and Khari river basin and Zadko zadki. but just 2-3 km
south we find fossils in Fatel Talav means during the lift up of the Khartol
Range some concealed sea water remained there and later formation of marine
fossils of that time - later than the Khatrol fossils formation. we will carry
on finding further evidences and if we succeed to find any thing contradictory
to present beliefs in the layers of the mainland and near Bhuj hill area or in
the layers of rivers of the main land - Khari - Zadko - zadki, will need to
bring in to the light.
To the east we visited the Gado and Chandruvo - Jandhario in the area of main
land Kutch. but some excavation work revealed some shell fossils formed in fresh
water. which may have been formed later than the main land formation. which is
much younger than the original Main land and Khatrod range fossils of Marine
life. But if any evidential - fossilised thing can be found on the main land
area of kutch or in the layers River KHARI - Pur & Zadko Zadki of main land
rivers will help to trace the original life evolution not only the Kutch but on
the Earth. So as the undisturbed are of the great Rann of the Kutch in the North
of the Kutch and its boundaries will give an evidential clues of the origin of
the life on the Earth. as it is still preserved in undisturbed situation in its
original BIOSPHERE. and so its has been requested to reserve the area of
Biosphere along with reservation of fossil area of Lanki hills, Khatrod range.
ADD on formation of the kutch main land & rivers & Marine fossils - Khatrod
range of Fossils, Wood Fossils and Pre Jurassic animal bones and eggs fossils.
Habbo Hills, Chadava hills, Lanki hills fossils, Kathrod Range fossils. Trace
fossils, Plants, Animals, Vertebrates/invertebrates, Brachiopods, Gastropods,
jellyfish, Belemnites, Ammonites, Corals, squids, fish, cro amphibians, and
turtles.
Full detailed report can be requested by Email reply with the area of the
required area name.
By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Dear Friends of Science and geology,
In the first Month of new year, a six mail series is sent regarding fossils and
geology rich areas of different parts of Kutch and RANN of Kutch for the geology
awareness of the KUTCH - (Gold mine of fossils and Geology). and also last year
a letter and mails sent to the government and departments for the reservation of
the fossil areas of the Kutch. (copy of letter is attached). Government is also
interested in making fossil park but not the reservation of the fossil sites of
the KUTCH. but taking fossils from Kutch and keep it at the GandhiNagar fossil
park. we should preserve the area of the source of golden eggs and not just to
kill the Hen giving the golden eggs. A fossil reservation areas are to be
secured and investment to be done to secure the treasure and development for
opportunities for jobs and Science research.
Read this news - Fossil park of GandhiNagar Used Kutch Fossils for @
http://www.gujaratsamachar.com/gsa/20060101/guj/gujarat/news53.html
A six weekly series of mails will be sent in new year 2006, to all geology and
Science lover as a part to introduction of the Kutch Geology and Expedition of
the year 2005.
1) Geology expedition of Kutch and RANN of the KUTCH - Main land Kutch and its
main land Kutch and Main land Rivers KHARI - Pur -& Zadko Zadki river basins.
ADD on layers of the oldest rivers basin formation of the kutch main land rivers
& fresh water fossils - Chandruvo - Jandhario mountain range fossils.
2) Eastern kutch: Vagad - khadir and Chobari (Land of Pandavas):- ADD on
formation of the kutch eastern land rivers & fresh water fossils - chobari
mountain fossils, Ramvav Fossils . Gedi and bhim guda needs exploration in
details and Bhanjano mountain in the middle of the salt lake of Rann in khadir
will be discussed at later stage with expiration of the Rann of the Kutch and
reserved biosphere. Plants, Animals, Brachiopods, Gastropods, Belemnites,
Corals, Bony fish. Early Eocene snakes of kutch, turtles and Amphibians..
3) South of Kutch (Mandvi rural - Mundra and rural area ):- ADD on formation
of the kutch southern land rivers & Marine fossils - Wood Fossils and Jurassic
animal bones and eggs fossils. Roha Hills area. coastal hill range findings.
Plants, Animals, Vertebrates/invertebrates, Belemnites, Ammonites, Corals,
urchins, starfish, brittle stars, mammals, and turtles.
4) Western Kutch - Abadasa and Lakhapat:- ADD on NAND nanu, Murchaban fossils
and fresh water fossils Adadasa Marine fossils. Crocodilians fossils, Eocene
snake fossils of Panadhro.
5) Northern Kutch : Black mountain range and Kaurbet - Mori bet area. ADD on
formation of the kutch Northern land rivers & fresh water fossils - Black
mountain/ great Rann of Kutch Fossils Dholo - Pachchhmi, Jhura range hills.
6) RANN of the Kutch & Salt lake of the RAN of the Kutch:- From West to East -
Koteshshwar, Narayan sarovar, Lakhapat , kateshwar range, Kaur bet, Mori bet
VigaKot, northern edge of Black mountains , Pachham range, Vagad - area Chobari,
Ekalmata, khadir range fossils. ADD on formation of the kutch RANN & rivers &
fresh water fossils - Rann of kutch fossils, fish and animals fresh water and
marine. Dino fossils.
Full detailed report can be requested by Email reply with the area of the
required area name.
I also wish you also give your contribution of your expertise fields of Geology
and Science to our Science Groups Of INDIA. so all get benefits of science.
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.photos.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia/lst and all groups
has more in FILE sections and PHOTO folders. Please do Join us and Visit those
groups too to support the science development in INDIA.
To: Department Of geology & Education
The Government of Gujarat State,
Gujarat - I N D I A
Dated. 15August 2005.
From: "Kutch Science Foundation".
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
Subject: Reservation of the treasured land area of fossils of KUTCH for the
Geological research interest of the University of KUTCH.
Dear Sir/Madam,
Kutch is very rich area of geological science, not only for the minerals of the
land but also the fossil rich area of KUTCH gives name as "GOLD MINE OF
GEOLOGY". 80% of the types of known fossil types of the world are available only
in KUTCH and also very rare type of soft body fossils are also available in some
of the following fossil rich area.
Our observations suggested that if such areas are not protected than some trader
mentality people will still those and vandals will destroy such treasure which
are useful for the research work of the geology and kutch University will loose
such a treasure of the educational interest.
So we request the government and the concerned geological departments to take an
appropriate earliest action to reserve such an area mentioned below for the
purpose of the Kutch university geological research purpose.
As Balasinor is decided as a fossil reserved area for the dinosaurs' fossil
land, Kutch has multiple varieties of fossils along with rare type of fossils
and those needs protection from steeling mentality traders and vandals.
Area of the RANN of the Kutch (also area near ANJAR - Kutch)known for dinosaurs'
fossil is under the Military and BSF protection from such traders and vandals
but following area needs the further protection as reserve fossil land.
Areas covered for the reservations:
Area of the KHATROL range of the mountain 5 Km south of BHUJ extending from EAST
- WEST (Kukma, LAHER to LANKI - BHARASAR) covering mountain range of the area of
the following - LAHER, GANGESHWAR - Gunavari River area, Tapkeshwar and JADURA
mountain area, Bharapar sanatorium and SADATA, Bharasar and LANKI mountain area.
Amongst those the Gangeshwar mountain area and Gunavari River area is very rich
with millions of fossils of variety of types of fossils including the rare
variety of the soft body marine fossils. So it needs particularly an attention
to protect it with an earliest action by the Government of the GUJARAT state.
Types of the fossils available in the area:
Marine fossils : multiple varieties of ammonite and other cephalopods soft body
fossils. Eg. Octopus soft body fossils.
Belemnites,
Fish and jelly fish fossils,
Turtles and Turtle egg Fossils,
Crocodilians,
Sea shells - Shankhs and chips,
Coral and coral rift fossils,
+ wood fossils and Grass and vegetation fossils,
Pre Jurassic Egg hatcheries.
Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.
Copy to:
Collector of the Kutch,
Department of geology of Kutch,
University of Kutch,
News Media and Press.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Dear Docs and science friends,
Cell transplant may cure diabetes Trials of a new treatment for diabetes
could lead to a cure for the disease within 10 years, researchers say.
Doctors at Oxford's Churchill Hospital are trying to perfect the
transplant of insulin-producing clusters of pancreas cells (islets) into
patients' livers.
The cells then enable the patient to make their own insulin, which
regulates blood sugar levels, like non-diabetics.
It is hoped the new treatment may end the need for patients to have
pancreas transplants or daily insulin jabs.
By reversing diabetes we hope that we will prevent the long term
conditions of the disease ... such as blindness and kidney failure
Paul Johnson
Director of islet transplantation programme
The research team hopes its trials, in adult patients with type 1
diabetes, will lead within the next five to 10 years to the perfecting of a
simple operation that can reverse the condition in both children and adults.
The technique involves the removal of the clusters of cells - known as
islets - from a donated pancreas in highly sterile conditions.
The cells are then injected directly into the patient's liver in what is a
fairly simple procedure.
Director of the islet transplant programme and expert in paediatric
surgery Mr Paul Johnson said: "The real advantage of islet transplantation in
the future is that we hope we will be able to prevent children from having to
have regular insulin injections.
"Also in the long term by reversing diabetes we hope that we will prevent
the long-term conditions of the disease which develop 20 to 30 years later such
as blindness and kidney failure."
Currently, the cell transplant requires high doses of anti-rejection drugs
which present a danger to children.
Daily injections
So before they can even by trialled in young people, a process where these
drugs are not needed has to be developed, Mr Johnson said.
Although his team also hopes to revolutionise treatment within the next
decade, they acknowledge the process is still "quite inefficient".
The trials are taking place at a new £1.2 million facility funded by the
Diabetes Research and Wellness Foundation (DRWF) based within the Oxford Centre
for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism.
Here, the focus is on ensuring exceptional levels of cleanliness and staff
have to pass through rooms which become progressively cleaner.
The transplant technique was originally pioneered by researchers from
Oxford University and more recently improved by a team in Edmonton, Canada.
DRWF executive director Sarah Bone said her organisation had funded the
research facility because of its potential benefit to child patients.
'Everything to us'
She said it was important diabetics were given some hope and that it was
thought a cure could be found within five to 10 years.
She said: "They (diabetics) need some hope, they need to have something to
work towards. It's good for us to be able to give them some information about
islet cell transplantation."
Six-year-old Emily Bates has had to have daily insulin injections since
she was 16-months-old.
Her mother Jane Bates, of West Hendred, near Oxford, said they were very
intrusive to her daughter's daily life and were difficult to administer.
She said of the potential breakthrough: "It means everything to us.
"To think that by the time she is a young women she won't have to have all
these restrictions on her."
Jo Brodie, Islet project co-ordinator at Diabetes UK, said the new
purpose-built facility would enable researchers to build on the initial islet
research it had funded.
"Research carried out at the facility will also help further our
understanding of what causes diabetes, taking us another step closer in finding
a cure."
Forwarded By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Dear Friends of Astronomy Space and science,
Watch the launch
The US space agency, Nasa, has successfully launched its New Horizons
mission to Pluto.
The probe lifted off at 1900 GMT aboard an Atlas 5 rocket on a 10-year
journey to the planet, which lies more than five billion km from Earth.
The $700m probe will gather information on Pluto and its moons before - it
is hoped - pressing on to explore other objects in the outer Solar System.
Pluto is the only remaining planet that has never been visited by a
spacecraft.
The spacecraft was launched after being postponed for two consecutive days
due to bad weather and technical difficulties.
On Tuesday, controllers stood down the flight due to high winds at the
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station pad in Florida.
Then a power failure at the Maryland laboratory managing the mission
forced that launch attempt to be halted.
Slingshot manoeuvre
Sending up the probe before 3 February means it will be in position to
swing by Jupiter on its way to Pluto.
New Horizons will use Jupiter's gravity to pick up speed in a slingshot
manoeuvre.
Mission Guide: New Horizons
This will increase the probe's speed away from the Sun by nearly 4km/s,
allowing the spacecraft to reach the ninth planet by July 2015.
If the launch had been pushed beyond the 3 February, the probe would have
been required to take a direct route to Pluto, arriving in 2018 at the earliest.
Some astronomers say Pluto is not a true planet at all, and should be
classed instead alongside the small, icy objects which make up the region of
space known as the Kuiper Belt.
This region, which lies beyond Neptune, consists of perhaps tens of
thousands of icy objects spread out between 30 and 50 times the distance between
the Earth and the Sun.
Double planet
Pluto is thought by some to form a "double planet" with its companion
Charon.
New Horizons will fly by Pluto and Charon on the same day. The
spacecraft's seven instruments will carry out detailed mapping of Pluto's
surface features, composition and atmosphere.
"The probe will map the composition of materials on the surface of Pluto
[and Charon], which will help tell us what molecules were present during the
formation of this system," Dr Stephen Lowry of Queen's University in Belfast,
UK, told the BBC News website.
After the Pluto encounter, it is up to Nasa to decide whether to grant the
spacecraft an extended mission. Should this happen, mission scientists plan to
send New Horizons to visit two Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs) with diameters of 50km
(30 miles) or more.
Scientists believe they can learn about the evolution of the Solar System
by studying the Kuiper Belt since it possesses debris left over form its
formation.
By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Dear friends of Wild life and Nature,
Recently Bird lovers has started an birding activity in the western Kutch Naliya
and in the northeren kutch area near Fulay Chhari Dhand. and we should take all
advantage of their ecological activity and participate to conserve our wildlife
reserves.
Birds wild life of western Kutch Naliya and Fulay Chari Dhand - More of
Flamingo is @ http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/
Little Rann Of Kutch
District: Kutch Area: This is one of the largest wildlife sanctuaries
in India, spanning some 4950 sq ft in area, and comprising a range habitats from
saline desert plains, arid grasslands, rocky and thorn scrub to lakes and
marshes.
Main species found:
Wild Ass, Nilgai, Chinkara, both desert and Indian Foxes, Jackals, Indian
wolf, pale and long eared Hedgehogs, Hubara bustard, both spotted and Indian
sandgrouse, Nine species of lark, desert wheatear, pied wheatear, Indian
courser, five species of quail , grey francolin, six species of falcon, five of
vultures, three of harrier, short toed eagle, five species of aquila eagle etc.
Narayan Sarovar Chinkara Sanctuary : Wildlife
Location: Kutch District - 2 km. from Narayan Sarovar. Area : Approx 444
sq.km. Wildlife: Chinkara or the Indian gazelle, blue bull, spotted deer,
wildboar and rich variety of smaller wildlife
Chadva reserve has crocodiles and birds - Long-legged Buzzards
Blue-cheeked Bee-eaters Parus nuchalis White-naped Tits Long-legged Buzzards
Chadva reserved forest
Country/Territory
NALIYA (Kutch) India
Administrative region(s)
Central coordinates
68o 45' East 23o 30' North Map
Area
50000 ha
Altitude
15 - m
Criteria
A1
Habitats and percentage cover
Grassland
-
Species Season
Year
Min
Max
Quality
Criteria
Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) - 2004 0 0 - A1
Great Indian Bustard (Ardeotis nigriceps) - 2004 0 0 - A1
Lesser Florican (Sypheotides indicus) - 2004 0 0 - A1
Sociable Lapwing (Vanellus gregarius) - 2004 0 0 - A1
White-browed Bushchat (Saxicola macrorhynchus) - 2004 0 0 - A1
IN082 Banni Grassland and Chhari Dhand
Country/Territory
FULAY Chari Dhand (Kutch) India
Administrative region(s)
Central coordinates
69o 24' East 23o 42' North Map
Area
384700 ha
Altitude
2 - 5m
Criteria
A1, A4i, A4iii
Habitats and percentage cover
Forest
-
Grassland
-
Shrubland
-
Wetlands (inland)
-
Species Season
Year
Min
Max
Quality
Criteria
Dalmatian Pelican (Pelecanus crispus) - 2004 0 0 - A1
Marbled Teal (Marmaronetta angustirostris) - 2004 0 0 - A1
White-rumped Vulture (Gyps bengalensis) - 2004 0 0 - A1
Indian Vulture (Gyps indicus) - 2004 0 0 - A1
Greater Spotted Eagle (Aquila clanga) - 2004 0 0 - A1
Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) - 2004 0 0 - A1
Sarus Crane (Grus antigone) - 2004 0 0 - A1
Common Crane (Grus grus) - 2004 0 0 - A4i
Great Indian Bustard (Ardeotis nigriceps) - 2004 0 0 - A1
Houbara Bustard (Chlamydotis undulata) unknown 2004 0 0 - A1
Lesser Florican (Sypheotides indicus) - 2004 0 0 - A1
Indian Skimmer (Rynchops albicollis) - 2004 0 0 - A1
White-naped Tit (Parus nuchalis) - 2004 0 0 - A1
By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Dear Friends of Geology and science , Wish you all a very happy and prosparous
new year 2006
Geology expedition of Kutch and RANN of the KUTCH - Main land Kutch and its main
Rivers Khari Pur river basins.
Fossil also has lifespan, as it takes time to form, it also get destroyed as
time pass, weather and nature destroys them as time goes on and so after 500
-600 million years later fossils are difficult to trace or identify them. So if
we do not find any fossils beyond the time 1bn years old does not mean that
there was no life. Life was there too and may be fossilised later and eventually
may have destroyed those fossilised evidences as time ticks on.
Kutch is believed to be such main land which was part of Original Gondwana land
(JUMBU DWIP). and so as fossils of the area does suggest that. but that goes
back only to the certain period of the time limit. But scientist and Vedas do
agree that fife was existing well before that. (Both views are in favour of life
origin was started before 2bn years back). so where are those evidences and
fossils? naturally nature has power to regenerate and destroy itself.
South of Kutch (Mandvi rural - Mundra and rural area ):- Southern part of the
Kutch was lifted after the lift up of the Khatrod range and so is younger than
the Main land kutch and so holds clues of Jurassic time and boundary period of
the Jurassic/cretaceous time. Along with Anjar and its lake - and surrounding
hold clues Jurassic time Dinosaurs. South of Khatrod range marine fossils, wood
fossils and vegetative fossils suggesting whole history of lift of the land from
the bottom of the sea and formation of the jungles in the area in the cretaceous
time and also Jurassic time bone fossils gives whole time scale of the formation
of land, forest and Jurassic animal living in the area in that time scale.
Lanki Hills Range and Khatrol kills has not only Marine finger prints of the
formation of the land but also vegetative and Forest finger prints there after
and later Jurassic period animals. Southern costal region and its hill area has
rich treasure for Jurassic animals and egg fossils. Khatrol hill range has not
only marine finger prints but also rare form of the soft body fossils of marine
animals (While formation of fossils - animal soft body gets decayed and so
fossil formation happens only for shells of the body or bones and eggs shells -
but in rare cases in favourable situations only Soft body fossils can be formed
) long back to Pre Jurassic and up to 220mn yeras back, and there after
cretaceous fossils. so its suggestive that the seismic changes has happens
frequently and periodically and transformation process is still active.
ADD on formation of the kutch southern land rivers & Marine fossils - Wood
Fossils and Jurassic animal bones and eggs fossils. Roha Hills area. coastal
hill range findings. Plants, Animals, Vertebrates/invertebrates, Belemnites,
Ammonites, Corals, urchins, starfish, brittle stars, mammals, and turtles.
Full detailed report can be requested by Email reply with the area of the
required area name.
By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Dear Friends of Geology and science ,
Wish you all a very Happy Makar Sankranti and UttarAyan.
Geology expedition of Kutch and RANN of the KUTCH.
Fossil also has lifespan, as it takes time to form, it also get destroyed as
time pass, weather and nature destroys them as time goes on and so after 500
-600 million years later fossils are difficult to trace or identify them. So if
we do not find any fossils beyond the time 1bn years old does not mean that
there was no life. Life was there too and may be fossilised later and eventually
may have destroyed those fossilised evidences as time ticks on.
Kutch is believed to be such main land which was part of Original Gondwana land
(JUMBU DWIP). and so as fossils of the area does suggest that. but that goes
back only to the certain period of the time limit. But scientist and Vedas do
agree that fife was existing well before that. (Both views are in favour of life
origin was started before 2bn years back). so where are those evidences and
fossils? naturally nature has power to regenerate and destroy itself.
To the East we visited the Gado and Chandruvo - Jandhario in the area of main
land Kutch. but some excavation work revealed some shell fossils formed in fresh
water. which may have been formed later than the main land formation. which is
much younger than the original Main land and Khatrol range fossils of Marine
life. But if any evidential - fossilised thing can be found on the main land
area of kutch or in the layers River KHARI - Pur & Zadko Zadki of main land
rivers will help to trace the original life evolution not only the Kutch but on
the Earth. So as the undisturbed are of the great Rann of the Kutch in the North
of the Kutch and its boundaries will give an evidential clues of the origin of
the life on the Earth. as it is still preserved in undisturbed situation in its
original BIOSPHERE. and so its has been requested to reserve the area of
Biosphere along with reservation of fossil area of Khatrod range.
Eastern kutch (VITHROI hills - SARSLALA Hills) : Vagad - Lime stone belt -
khadir and Chobari (Land of Pandavas) :- Rapar, Khadir and whole of the Great
RANN of the kutch - is also rich in the fossilised land area , wood fossils
vegetative Fossils holds clues for origin of the life on the Earth itself.
Chobari has fossilised marine and sea shore shell fossils. suggesting the area
lift up at a later stage than the main land kutch. Ramvav Fossils of fresh water
fishes and bones hold the clues for fresh water life later than the main land
formation. and soon government will proceed to reserve such an area in three
different parts, reserved Biosphere area , surrounded by research area and outer
expiration visiting area. Anjar area having fossilised clues for dinosaurs.
at the early time origin of the flow of the water of Sindhu / saraswati was not
the Himalaya, as that time that source was not there at all. water from the
Indian continental plate was the source of the water and later with the
formation of Himalayas and new tributaries joined those existing water channels
to form the famous rivers of Sindhu saraswati.
With the gradual lift up of the area of river basins shifted the course of
sindhu towards the west where it is at the present and saraswati basin dried up
slowly with the seismic lift up of the river basin area. where at present we can
see the underground water flow is still existing well near to the ground levels
(in Ekal mata, Kali Ramvav, Khedoi in Anjar) though in other place water level
has well deep down and some places too deep to irrigate. so government also
trying to revive that by putting water back in the Rann of the Kutch and also
make a fresh water sarovar by Narmada water in the little raan of kutch. as that
area is just as sea level on GPS readings. and Narmada water can flow to sea
levelled small Rann of the kutch just by gravitation only.
Only we might loose an area of NANDA in little Rann of the Kutch which is reach
for its speciality of wild life and habitant for lesser flamingo nursery and
Wild ass -Gudkhar. still some area is inaccessible as water and salt make it not
explorable, that area remains the reserved biosphere holding the secretes of the
origin of the life and research needs to be carried out in that respect.
government has proposed plan for that in more details will be in other parts of
mail discussion in the fossils of the great rann of the Kutch.
ADD on formation of the kutch eastern land rivers & fresh water fossils -
chobari mountain fossils, Ramvav Fossils . Gedi and bhim guda needs exploration
in details and Bhanjano mountain in the middle of the salt lake of Rann in
khadir will be discussed at later stage with expiration of the Rann of the Kutch
and reserved biosphere. Plants, Animals, Brachiopods, Gastropods, Belemnites,
Corals, Bony fish. Early Eocene snakes of kutch, turtles and Amphibians.
Full detailed report can be requested by Email reply with the area of the
required area name.
By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
From: KutchScience
Sent: Saturday, January 07, 2006 11:40 AM
Subject: Harappa Shield of Swastika found @ Harappan Civilisation@
http://www.harappa.com/indus4/315.html
Dear friends of Science and Archaeology,
Most of the Time old Civilisation are not identified correctly, and western
worlds always against to consider the reality of the Civilisation truth. As
Pyramids in the Egypt were visible to every one and to the western world while
their occupation, that was considered as oldest civilisation in the world. and
importance given to only their findings and actually Pyramids were not found by
them - those were there with the local people at that time. Indus civilisation
in Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa described younger than other civilisations.
Mesopotamian civilisation also described their findings
But since few years finding Dholavira of Saraswati civilisation in the Kutch and
Gujarat, every thing is changed as those Saraswati civilisations are 500 years
older than those other oldest civilisations and Cambay findings goes back to
double time of those pyramid times.
There are about 1200 civilisations in the Indian continental region. most around
the Sindhu and Vedic Saraswati river basins. amongst about more than 100 are
just in the Kutch of which Dholavira & Juni Kuran are famous but there are few
new are here and rest are at the bottom of the mail
Dholvira (Kotada) 23.58N - 70.12E (Kotadi 23.58N - 70.12E)
Kotara-Juni-Karan 24.00N - 69.45E
Gadhwaliwadi 23.30N - 69.03E
Kanthkot 23.29N - 70.29E
Desalpur 23.29N - 69.10E & (Gunthai 23.28N - 69.09E)
Khedoi 23.03N - 69.57E (Details of Khedoi Sarasvati civilisation)
Zura (Jhura) is situated North West of BHUJ (23:24N - 69:39E)
Some of the recent findings have changed every thing. and as one of the Branch
of Saraswati river was going down to kutch Rann , via LOTHAL in saurashtra to
Khambat. where civilisation found under the sea. Now the picture became clearer
that actual Saraswati Civilisation and the Indus Civilisation were the original
source of the all civilisation in the world. and that spread all over the world
and so all similar symbols of Boats are found in every civilisation saying that
they travelled by boat in the sea and rivers to Asia, middle east Mesopotamia
and even to Egypt. not only that it goes beyond that across Atlantic to America
to Mexico in MAYA civilisation and actually people from Asia crossed the
Atlantic well before - 20000 years ago and live in caves of Mexico and Mayan
caves.
Traditionally All civilisation has signs of worshiping Snakes, Naag Deva, Sun
and they have farming techniques (As old Hindu traditions), Recent finding shows
that they also had Metalic Vepons (arrows and spears) jwelery - dimonds and
perls as well. Why west and the rest of the world was hesitating to accept those
as Hindu civilisation? they kept hidden some findings at that time. But now that
is hammered and one of the Harappa Shield of Swastika found @ Harappan
Civilisation was taken by British and is kept in the History museum of the
London. means all civilisation including Pyramids of gaza in Egypt, mesopotemia,
Maya, are from the source of Hindu - Sindhu Saraswati civilisation and spread
to all over the world. No one can hide that truth any longer now.
Chitrol 23.24N - 70.40E
Jatavadar 23.45N - 70.40E
Kerasi 23.40N - 70.44E
Khakhra Dera 23.34N - 70.29E
Khari-Ka-Khanda 23.27N - 70.19E
Kotada Bhadli 1 23.22N - 69.26E
Kotada Bhadli 2 23.22N - 69.26E
Kotada 23.17N - 70.06E
Kotara-Juni-Karan 24.00N - 69.45E
Lakhapar 23.33N - 70.28E
Lakhpat 23.50N - 68.47E
Morvo 23.50N - 70.42E
Narapa 23.34N - 69.05E
Nenu-Ni-Dhar 23.51N - 69.44E
Pirwada 23.20N - 70.00E
Pabunath 23.38N - 70.31E
Rampara (Vekera No Timbo) 23.30N - 70.45E
Ramvav 23.32N - 70.28E
Samaghoga 22.55N - 69.40E
Selari 22.42N - 70.37E
Surkotada 23.37N - 70.50E
Todio 23.05N - 69.55E
Vada 23.34N - 69.03E
Harappan Shield of Swastika found @ Harappa Civilisation - Religion
By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Dear Friends of Geology and science ,
Geology expedition of Western Kutch
Fossil also has lifespan, as it takes time to form, it also get destroyed as
time pass, weather and nature destroys them as time goes on and so after 500
-600 million years later fossils are difficult to trace or identify them. So if
we do not find any fossils beyond the time 1bn years old does not mean that
there was no life. Life was there too and may be fossilised later and eventually
may have destroyed those fossilised evidences as time ticks on.
Kutch is believed to be such main land which was part of Original Gondwana land
(JUMBU DWIP). and so as fossils of the area does suggest that. but that goes
back only to the certain period of the time limit. But scientist and Vedas do
agree that fife was existing well before that. (Both views are in favour of life
origin was started before 2bn years back). so where are those evidences and
fossils? naturally nature has power to regenerate and destroy itself.
Western Kutch - Abadasa Vamoti Hills and Lakhpat MatanoMad hills and kateshwar
area:- the area of Abadasa shows the lift up in late cretaceous. and so
formation of land has fossil formation of the Sea Shells - (Blowing Shanks) of
that time and also formation of fossil fuel - we have explored area before 25
years for about two years on our routine work schedules and we found a fossil
fuel oozing out of the ground and vaporising and leaving the distinct sign of
the oily marks on the sand of the area between Prajau and Vadapadhhar Near
JAKHAU. and drilling exploration work will start for oil exploration in that sea
shore are.
Lakhpat is also rich in the fossil area not only for marine life but also fresh
water animal shells and also on Pollen fossil formation, giving clues of the
vegetations on that area and also water - fresh water and its life and also
marine evidences for the formation of the land of the area. and vegetative and
pollen fossils are suggestive of early plant life. Murchban area near Matano
mad and Mad kotada (MatanoMad hills ) is also rich in coral fossils as well as
fresh water animal shell fossil. lakhpat coal mine area is having not only
fossil fuel but also suggestive of the forests in the Kutch during that time and
giant pre Jurassic animal fossils of giant crocodilian. a skeleton of
crocodilian from coal mine (pre Jurassic crocodile ancestors) used to be giant
size of 9 to 12 meters (unlike today's 3-4 meter size crocodiles) long giant
crocodilian who used to prey on dinosaur's ancestors.
As that was the time scale of cretaceous/jurasic bondary time - forests in the
kutch and that forest was formed in to coal mine and those crocodilian are used
to be giant at that time, those findings are conclusive. and if any mistakes
are made to date less than that time needs correction. if any carbon dating
methods used for dating as carbon dating is not effective and not a correct
method for long time dating of millions of years. carbon dating can be used for
shorter time scales correctively and effectively as it has shorter half life
time. (for carbon dating time 10000s to 100,000s years are effective way to use
carbon dating methods).
ADD on NAND nanu, Murchaban fossils and fresh water fossils.
Full detailed report can be requested by Email reply with the area of the
required area name.
By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Thank you Hemantji,
I received those pictures in 2003
and some one has written wrong time scales - as just approximates.
As it has said as follows. "This information is a crucial aspect for an
insight into the mysterious legend called Ramayana, which was supposed to
have taken place in tretha yuga (more than 17,00,000 years ago). In this
epic, there is a mentioning about a bridge, which was built between
Rameshwaram (India) and Srilankan coast under the supervision of a dynamic
and invincible figure called Rama "
all is partially right and partially wrongly interpreted. As Vedas and
Shastras says when there will be an extreme "Papas - sins - god will
reincarnate" and that's happens in the End of each Yugas. as in Dwapar Yuga
Krishna was incarnated in last part of the YUga as to destroy all Papies.
Not in the middle of the YUGA. and as the papies are destroyed the Yuga
ends with a short duration of the Sandhi period and the new yuga starts eg
Kaliyuga.
similarly in Treta Yuga Rama was incarnated in end part of The Treta YUGA.
and then with the end of Rawana - Vibhishan was given the rule of Shrilanka
and Ayodhya was with the Rama and then Kusha, the elder son of the RAMA. and
then their generation to the coming Sandhi period part of Treta -Dwapara.
So that was the end part of the Dwapara and not the Middle of the Dwapara
Yuga. Now the calculations are as follows.
End part of Dwapara and sandhi period which falls in that relevant Yuga. -
10000 years of rules as said in Ramayana plus 216000 years - 1/6 of the
Yuga period. = 2 26 000 years
Dwapar Yuga with sandhi period = 8 64 000 + Kali Yuga 5107 @ 2006 = 8 69
107 years + 2 26 000 years = 10 95 107 years - Not exceeding the 1.1 Mn
years = We can dot Ignore this truth and calculative proofs
So on Vedic time scale also that 1.7 mn = 17 00 000 is in correct or
imaginary. But correction is required by actual calculating.
while on the archaeologically human evolution was correct and no doubt goes
back much more in the past than that. and the Archaeological and
Oceanography report is to be done yet. the article also says it has no
archaeological proof but the work is to be done by Indian Oceanography and
department of archaeology.
also some geological and fossil reports may help to prove the time scale and
chronology , and human fossils goes back to 4.3mn years back much before the
1.1 mn years of the Ramayana time.
and also Human fossils may not be available in sea area. but some fossil
gives some interesting clues from the Kutch Fossils - Geology Gold mine of
India. - read more for that
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia/message/267 Geology
expedition of Kutch and RANN of the KUTCH - Main land Kutch and its main
Rivers Khari Pur river basins.
Fossil also has lifespan, as it takes time to form, it also get destroyed as
time pass, weather and nature destroys them as time goes on and so after
500 -600 million years later fossils are difficult to trace or identify
them. So if we do not find any fossils beyond the time 1bn years old does
not mean that there was no life. Life was there too and may be fossilised
later and eventually may have destroyed those fossilised evidences as time
ticks on.
Kutch is believed to be such main land which was part of Original Gondwana
land (JUMBU DWIP). and so as fossils of the area does suggest that. but that
goes back only to the certain period of the time limit. But scientist and
Vedas do agree that fife was existing well before that. (Both views are in
favour of life origin was started before 2bn years back). so where are those
evidences and fossils? naturally nature has power to regenerate and destroy
itself.
Sent: Thursday, December 29, 2005 11:43 AM
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/VEDicScienceMaths/message/67
Subject: Geology expedition Kutch E-W-N-S, RANN of the Kutch Solt lake -
Koteshshwar,Narayan sarovar, Lakhapat, kateshwar range, Kaur bet, Mori bet
VigaKot, northern edge of Black mountain, Pachham, Vagad area -Chobari,
Ekalmata, khadir range fossils.
Dear Science and the Geology friends,
A six weekly series of mails will be sent in new year 2006, to all geology
and Science lover as a part to introduction of the Kutch Geology and
Expedition of the year 2005.
1) Geology expedition of Kutch and RANN of the KUTCH - Main land Kutch and
its main land Kutch and Main land Rivers KHARI - Pur -& Zadko Zadki river
basins. ADD on layers of the oldest rivers basin formation of the kutch main
land rivers & fresh water fossils - Chandruvo - Jandhario mountain range
fossils.
2) Eastern kutch: Vagad - khadir and Chobari (Land of Pandavas):- ADD on
formation of the kutch eastern land rivers & fresh water fossils - Ramvav
Fossils .
3) South of Kutch (Mandvi rural - Mundra and rural area ):- ADD on
formation of the kutch southern land rivers & Marine fossils -Gangeshwar,
Wood Fossils and Jurassic animal bones and eggs fossils.
4) Western Kutch - Abadasa and Lakhapat:- ADD on NAND nanu, Murchaban
fossils and fresh water fossils Adadasa Marine fossils.
5) Northern Kutch : Black mountain range and Kaurbet - Mori bet area. ADD
on formation of the kutch Northern land rivers & fresh water fossils - Black
mountain Fossils
6) RANN of the Kutch & Salt lake of the RAN of the Kutch:- From West to
East - Koteshshwar, Narayan sarovar, Lakhapat , kateshwar range, Kaur bet,
Mori bet VigaKot, northern edge of Black mountains , Pachham range, Vagad -
area Chobari, Ekalmata, khadir range fossils. ADD on formation of the kutch
RANN & rivers & fresh water fossils - Rann of kutch fossils, fish and
animals fresh water and marine.
Full detailed report can be requested by Email reply with the area of the
required area name.
kutchScienceFoundation kutchScienceFoundation@...
with best wishes From Yours : Dr. BHUDIA.- Science Group Of INDIA.
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
Just click on web page: http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
I also wish you also give your contribution of your expertise fields of
Geology and Science to our Science Groups Of INDIA. so all get benefits of
science. http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.photos.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia/lst and all
groups has more in FILE sections and PHOTO folders. Please do Join us and
Visit those groups too to support the science development in INDIA.
From: "Raj Chopra" <sumrajchopra@...>
Sent: Wednesday, January 04, 2006 10:15 PM
Subject: Fw: bridge... but how they named it as Adam's Bridge....?
From: "lalitnagpaul" <lalit@...>
Reply-To: "lalitnagpaul" <lalit@...>
To: "vijay jolly" <VijayJolly@...>
Subject: Fw: bridge... but how they named it as Adam's Bridge....?
Date: Wed, 4 Jan 2006 20:56:16 -0000
NASA SHUTTLE IMAGES OF A MYSTERIOUS ANCIENT BRIDGE BETWEEN INDIA AND
SRILANKA
The recently discovered bridge currently named as Adam's Bridge made of
chain of shoals, c.18 mi (30 km) long, in the Palk Strait between India and
Sri Lanka, reveals a mystery behind it. The bridge's unique curvature and
composition by age reveals that it is man made. The legends as well as
Archeological studies reveal that the first signs of human inhabitants in
Sri Lanka date back to the a primitive age, about 17,50,000 years ago and
the bridge's age is also almost equivalent. This information is a crucial
aspect for an insight into the mysterious legend called Ramayana, which was
supposed to have taken place in tretha yuga (more than 17,00,000 years ago).
In this epic, there is a mentioning about a bridge, which was built between
Rameshwaram (India) and Srilankan coast under the supervision of a dynamic
and invincible figure called Rama who is supposed to be the incarnation of
the supreme. This information may not be of much importance t o the
archeologist s who are interested in exploring the origins of man, but it is
sure to open the spiritual gates of the people of the world to have come to
know an ancient history linked to the Indian mythology. SO , NOW , WE WILL
SPREAD THE TRUTH ALL OVER THE WORLD. DO YOUR CONTRIBUTION, SEND THIS TO
EVERYBODY .
Dear Friends of Geology and science , Wish you all a very happy and prosparous
new year 2006
Geology expedition of Kutch and RANN of the KUTCH.
Fossil also has lifespan, as it takes time to form, it also get destroyed as
time pass, weather and nature destroys them as time goes on and so after 500
-600 million years later fossils are difficult to trace or identify them. So if
we do not find any fossils beyond the time 1bn years old does not mean that
there was no life. Life was there too and may be fossilised later and eventually
may have destroyed those fossilised evidences as time ticks on.
Kutch is believed to be such main land which was part of Original Gondwana land
(JUMBU DWIP). and so as fossils of the area does suggest that. but that goes
back only to the certain period of the time limit. But scientist and Vedas do
agree that fife was existing well before that. (Both views are in favour of life
origin was started before 2bn years back). so where are those evidences and
fossils? naturally nature has power to regenerate and destroy itself.
Northern Kutch : Black mountain range and Kaurbet - Mori bet area. The whole
range formed much later than the main land kutch and whole of the of the great
Rann of Kutch was originally part of undersea land. later lift up of northern
hill range along with black mountain of the Kutch was formed and is full of the
fossil history of the area. and is as rich as Khatrod range fossils. later that
sea bottom was up lifted with gradual seismic lift up and holding the clues of
the undisturbed fossilised history of the formation of that time scale. With the
formation of the Himalayas and formation of the river Sindhu and Saraswati
(Ghaghara hakkar) water flew to the south towards the kutch in the Rann of the
kutch forming a fresh water lake reserve where there used to be sea water and
sea water moved back due to lift up of the Rann area. so we do find the old
fossils of marine shells and coral fossils as well as fresh water fish bones and
shells and also vegetation of the land and pollen fossil formation and also land
dinosaurs fossils in kaurbet dating back not only to Jurassic but also pre
Jurassic 178 mn years back - Dino fossils back to cretaceous period and also
fossil fuel formation - by Dr Daas on ONGC exploration drilling in Kunvar bet in
1999
We found variety of fossils in single place and also in different places.
kaurbet -Kunvar bet and moribet was land area surrounded by fresh water of
Sindhu saraswati. and the area was vegetative and so pre-Jurassic/Jurassic
animals were living in that land area. and findings of 178 mn years old
bones/tooth fossils by Dr Daas during drilling in the kunvar bet area on ONGC
mission in 1999 are confirmative. at that time origin of the flow of the water
of Sindhu / saraswati was not the Himalaya as that time that source was not
there at all. water from the Indian continental plate was the source of the
water and later with the formation of Himalayas and new tributaries joined those
existing water channels to form the famous rivers of Sindhu saraswati.
With the gradual lift up of the area of river basins shifted the course of
sindhu towards the west where it is at the present and saraswati basin dried up
slowly with the seismic lift up of the river basin area. where at present we can
see the underground water flow is still existing well near to the ground levels
though in other place water level has well deep down and some places too deep to
irrigate. so government also trying to revive that by putting water back in the
Rann of the Kutch and also make a fresh water sarovar by Narmada water in the
little ran of kutch. as that area is just as sea level on GPS readings. and
Narmada water can flow to sea levelled small Rann of the kutch just by
gravitation only.
Only we might loose an area of NANDA in little Rann of the Kutch which is reach
for its speciality of wild life and habitant for lesser flamingo nursery and
Wild ass -Gudkhar.
Black mountain is the highest mountain range of the kutch mountains ranges. and
guru datatreya is the highest peak 1437 ft of those range. But even at that
highest peak we find variety of fossils ranging from marine origin and corals to
vegetative and fresh water fish and bones. means those have been formed at
different time scales but those looks superimposed and formed twice as phase two
fossil formation. and later nature and weather has exposed them in a single
place and at the same time.
still some area is inaccessible as water and salt make it not explorable, that
area remains the reserved biosphere holding the secretes of the origin of the
life and research needs to be carried out in that respect. government has
proposed plan for that in more details will be in other parts of mail discussion
in the fossils of the great rann of the Kutch.
ADD on formation of the kutch Northern land rivers & fresh water fossils - Black
mountain/ great Rann of Kutch Fossils Dholo - Pachchhmi, Jhura range hills.
Full detailed report can be requested by Email reply with the area of the
required area name.
By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
From: Kutch Science Foundation
To: mgthakkar ; RAO. M.RAMCHANDRA ; akghosh ; amitkg1@... ; SAHANI,
ASHOK, KUMAR, ; SARASWATI, PRATUL KUMAR ; ongc-ersb ; Chhaya Sharma ;
mukundsharma ; VIJAYANAND SHARMA ; satyendra ; Ashokamt ; ASHWINI KUMAR
swinisrivasta ; RASHMI SRIVASTAVA ; TANDON SAMPAT KUMAR ; BRAHMA NAND TEWARI ;
RAJNI TEWARI ; RAGHVENDRA TIWARI ; kumarkishor ; ASHOK ; jairam oza ; jkrishna ;
Triloki Pandey ; kamal agarwal ; prem_geo ; dd awasthi ; BABU RUPENDRA ; BAJPAI
SUNIL ; ramesh bali ; dhiraj anjali ; manju banerjee ; skbera ; Bhandari anil ;
amalava ; BHATTACHARYA ASHOK RAM ; shaila anil ; NAND LAL ; rahulgarg ; akghosh
; kmgollamudi ; diptendu ghosh ; aguha ; anilg ; SHYAM MURTI smgupta ; hashimi ;
ANAND KUMAR ; Ashapura ; :jyotsana_rai@... ; SAHANI, ASHOK, KUMAR,
Sent: Thursday, December 29, 2005 11:43 AM
Subject: Geology expedition Kutch E-W-N-S, RANN of the Kutch Solt lake -
Koteshshwar,Narayan sarovar, Lakhapat, kateshwar range, Kaur bet, Mori bet
VigaKot, northern edge of Black mountain, Pachham, Vagad area -Chobari,
Ekalmata, khadir range fossils.
Dear Science and the Geology friends, Wish you all a very happy and prosparous
new year 2006
A six weekly series of mails will be sent in new year 2006, to all geology and
Science lover as a part to introduction of the Kutch Geology and Expedition of
the year 2005.
1) Geology expedition of Kutch and RANN of the KUTCH - Main land Kutch and its
main land Kutch and Main land Rivers KHARI - Pur -& Zadko Zadki river basins.
ADD on layers of the oldest rivers basin formation of the kutch main land rivers
& fresh water fossils - Chandruvo - Jandhario mountain range fossils.
2) Eastern kutch: Vagad - khadir and Chobari (Land of Pandavas):- ADD on
formation of the kutch eastern land rivers & fresh water fossils - Ramvav
Fossils .
3) South of Kutch (Mandvi rural - Mundra and rural area ):- ADD on formation
of the kutch southern land rivers & Marine fossils -Gangeshwar, Wood Fossils
and Jurassic animal bones and eggs fossils.
4) Western Kutch - Abadasa and Lakhapat:- ADD on NAND nanu, Murchaban fossils
and fresh water fossils Adadasa Marine fossils.
5) Northern Kutch : Black mountain range and Kaurbet - Mori bet area. ADD on
formation of the kutch Northern land rivers & fresh water fossils - Black
mountain Fossils
6) RANN of the Kutch & Salt lake of the RAN of the Kutch:- From West to East -
Koteshshwar, Narayan sarovar, Lakhapat , kateshwar range, Kaur bet, Mori bet
VigaKot, northern edge of Black mountains , Pachham range, Vagad - area Chobari,
Ekalmata, khadir range fossils. ADD on formation of the kutch RANN & rivers &
fresh water fossils - Rann of kutch fossils, fish and animals fresh water and
marine.
Full detailed report can be requested by Email reply with the area of the
required area name.
kutchScienceFoundation kutchScienceFoundation@...
with best wishes From Yours : Dr. BHUDIA.- Science Group Of INDIA.
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
Just click on web page: http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
I also wish you also give your contribution of your expertise fields of Geology
and Science to our Science Groups Of INDIA. so all get benefits of science.
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.photos.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia/lst and all groups
has more in FILE sections and PHOTO folders. Please do Join us and Visit those
groups too to support the science development in INDIA.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Dear Friends of Geology and science , Wish you all a very happy and prosparous
new year 2006
Geology expedition of Kutch and RANN of the KUTCH - Main land Kutch and its main
Rivers Khari Pur river basins.
Fossil also has lifespan, as it takes time to form, it also get destroyed as
time pass, weather and nature destroys them as time goes on and so after 500
-600 million years later fossils are difficult to trace or identify them. So if
we do not find any fossils beyond the time 1bn years old does not mean that
there was no life. Life was there too and may be fossilised later and eventually
may have destroyed those fossilised evidences as time ticks on.
Kutch is believed to be such main land which was part of Original Gondwana land
(JUMBU DWIP). and so as fossils of the area does suggest that. but that goes
back only to the certain period of the time limit. But scientist and Vedas do
agree that fife was existing well before that. (Both views are in favour of life
origin was started before 2bn years back). so where are those evidences and
fossils? naturally nature has power to regenerate and destroy itself.
ADD on formation of the kutch main land & rivers & Marine fossils - Khatrod
range of Fossils, Wood Fossils and Pre Jurassic animal bones and eggs fossils.
1) Main land Kutch and Main land river basin - KHARI & Zadko Zadki : -As main
land kutch was the original and part of Original Gondwana land (JUMBU DWIP) it
has secretes held in it. and its main land river basins. Main land Kutch and its
main Rivers Khari Pur river basins are explored and exploration work gave some
very interesting results. As main land is the oldest land of Kutch - most
probably all fossilised and evidential may have been destroyed by nature. and so
to examine the fact we visited to the areas of hills and layers of rivers KHARI
- Pur & ZADKO ZADKI.
Naturally we find difficulty to trace any fossilised evidences in that area of
hills of Bhuj and Bhujio and Khari river basin and Zadko zadki. but just 2-3 km
south we find fossils in Fatel Talav means during the lift up of the Khartol
Range some concealed sea water remained there and later formation of marine
fossils of that time - later than the Khatrol fossil formation.
To the east we visited the Gado and Chandruvo - Jandhario in the area of main
land Kutch. but some excavation work revealed some shell fossils formed in fresh
water. which may have been formed later than the main land formation. which is
much younger than the original Main land and Khatrol range fossils of Marine
life. But if any evidential - fossilised thing can be found on the main land
area of kutch or in the layers River KHARI - Pur & Zadko Zadki of main land
rivers will help to trace the original life evolution not only the Kutch but on
the Earth. So as the undisturbed are of the great Rann of the Kutch in the North
of the Kutch and its boundaries will give an evidential clues of the origin of
the life on the Earth. as it is still preserved in undisturbed situation in its
original BIOSPHERE. and so its has been requested to reserve the area of
Biosphere along with reservation of fossil area of Khatrod range.
ADD on layers of the oldest rivers basin formation of the kutch main land
rivers & fresh water fossils - Chandruvo - Jandhario mountain range fossils.
2) Eastern kutch: Vagad - khadir and Chobari (Land of Pandavas):- Khadir and
whole of the Great RANN of the kutch - is also rich in the fossilised land area
and holds clues for origin of the life on the Earth itself. Chobari has
fossilised marine and sea shore cell shell. suggesting the area lift up at a
later stage than the main land kutch. Ramvav Fossils of fresh water fishes and
bones hold the clues for fresh water life later than the main land formation.
ADD on formation of the kutch eastern land rivers & fresh water fossils -
Ramvav Fossils .
3) South of Kutch (Mandvi rural - Mundra and rural area ):- was lifted after
the lift up of the Khatrod range and so much younger than that and so holds
clues of Jurassic time. along with Anjar and its lake - and surrounding hold
clues Jurassic time Dinosaurs. South of Khatrod range marine fossils, wood
fossils and vegetative fossils suggesting whole history of lift of the land from
the bottom of the sea and formation of the jungles in the area in the cretaceous
time and also Jurassic time bone fossils gives whole time scale of the formation
of land, forest and Jurassic animal living in the area in that time scale.
ADD on formation of the kutch southern land rivers & Marine fossils - Wood
Fossils and Jurassic animal bones and eggs fossils.
4) Western Kutch - Abadasa and Lakhapat:- the area of Abadasa shows the lift up
in late cretaceous. and so formation of land has fossil formation of the Sea
Shells - (Blowing Shanks) of that time and also formation of fossil fuel - we
have explored area before 25 years for about two years on our routine work
schedules and we found a fossil fuel oozing out of the ground and vaporising and
leaving the distinct sign of the oily marks on the sand of the area between
Prajau and Vadapadhhar Near JAKHAU. and drilling exploration work will start for
oil exploration in that sea shore are.
Lakhapat is also rich in the fossil area not only on marine life but also fresh
water animal shells and also on Pollen fossil formation giving clues of the
vegetations on that area and also water - fresh water and its life and also
marine evidences for the area formation of the land of the are.
ADD on NAND nanu, Murchaban fossils and fresh water fossils.
5) Northern Kutch : Black mountain range and Kaurbet - Mori bet area. The whole
range formed later than the main land kutch and whole of the of the great Rann
of Kutch was originally part of undersea land. later lift up of northern hill
range along with black mountain of the Kutch was formed and is full of the
fossil history of the area. and is as rich as Khatrod. later that sea bottom was
up lifted with gradual seismic lift up and holding the clues of the undisturbed
fossilised history of the formation of that time scale. later with the formation
of the Himalayas and formation of the river Sindhu and Saraswati water flew to
the south towards the kutch in the Rann of the kutch forming a fresh water lake
reserve where there used to be sea water and sea water moved back due to lift up
of the Rann area. so we do find the old fossils of marine shells as well as
fresh water fish bones and shells and also vegetation of the land and pollen
formation and also land dinosaurs fossils in kaurbet dating back not only to
Jurassic but also pre Jurassic 178 mn years back - Dino fossils back to
cretaceous period and also fossil fuel formation - by Dr Daas on ONGC
exploration drilling in Kunvar bet in 1999
ADD on formation of the kutch Northern land rivers & fresh water fossils - Black
mountain Fossils
6) RANN of the Kutch & Salt lake of the RAN of the Kutch:- From West to East -
Koteshshwar, Narayan sarovar, Lakhapat , kateshwar range, Kaur bet, Mori bet
VigaKot, northern edge of Black mountains , Pachham range, Vagad - area Chobari,
Ekalmata, khadir range fossils.
As the area is isolated - Difficult to disturb is well preserved by human
activity and as restricted to human activity and under the control of BSF and
military forces for the security reasons. But with request to special
exploration with BSF we explored the area of Not only the Black mountain range
but also deep to the limit to the national boundary in the desert. Including
area of Kaur -Kunvar bet , Mori bet and deep to VigaKot and found the evidences
of fossilised marine and fresh water life fossils.
We took the teams of the selected students along with teachers to introduce the
area. for purpose of the History and introducing our borders and also
exploration and study science and geology of the area. as time permitted we
realised that we need to visit again that area to complete the work. and
suddenly commanding officer of the area realised our visit and CO of BSF visited
us to take us to those place again to revisit that area with their team and
collaborate them to explore and investigate those are. so as to full fill both
activity - reinvestigation and exploration of the area and introduce an share
the resources and collaborate the exploration and investigation with BSF and
science group of India
ADD on formation of the kutch RANN & rivers & fresh water fossils - Rann of
kutch fossils, fish and animals fresh water and marine.
Full detailed report can be requested by Email reply with the area of the
required area name.
By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Vitamin D 'can lower cancer risk' @
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/4563336.stm
High doses of vitamin D can reduce the risk of developing some common cancers by
as much as 50%, US scientists claim.
Researchers reviewed 63 old studies and found that the vitamin could reduce the
chances of developing breast, ovarian and colon cancer, and others. Experts said
more research was needed to draw firm conclusions. Charities cautiously welcomed
the University of California study but warned too much vitamin D could harm the
kidneys and liver.
The "natural" form of the vitamin, called D3, is normally produced in the skin
after exposure to sunlight, but is also obtained from certain foods such as oily
fish, margarine and meat. The research, done at the University of California in
San Diego, looked at the relationship between blood levels of vitamin D and
cancer risk. Survival rates for Afro-Caribbean people with breast, colon,
prostate and ovarian cancers are worse than for white people, possibly because
dark skins are not as good at making vitamin D, the researchers said. The papers
reviewed, published worldwide between 1966 and 2004, included 30 investigations
of colon cancer, 13 of breast cancer, 26 of prostate cancer and seven of ovarian
cancer. Scientists said analysis showed that, for at least some cancers, the
vitamin D factor could not be ignored. Taking 1,000 international units (IU) -
or 25micrograms - of the vitamin daily could lower an individual's cancer risk
by 50% in colon cancer, and by 30% in breast and ovarian cancer, they said.
'Action needed'
The study acknowledged large doses of vitamin D should be treated with caution.
More than 2,000 IU - 50mg - a day can lead to the body absorbing too much
calcium, possibly damaging the liver and kidneys. Professor Cedric Garland, who
led the review study, said: "A preponderance of evidence, from the best
observational studies the medical world has to offer...has led to the conclusion
that public health action is needed." In the absence of sunshine, a beneficial
level of vitamin D could be obtained from a combination of food sources and
supplements, he said.
Professor Garland warned that sun exposure had its own concerns. "Dark-skinned
people, however, may need more exposure to produce adequate amounts of vitamin
D, and some fair-skinned people shouldn't try to get any vitamin D from the sun.
"The easiest and most reliable way of getting the appropriate amount is from
food and a daily supplement."
No proof
Professor Colin Cooper, of the Institute of Cancer Research, said further
research was needed to provide definitive proof of the benefits of vitamin D.
But he said: "If you look at any individual study the evidence is really
suggestive, rather than providing absolute proof. "Also, they failed to provide
any mechanism for how low levels of vitamin D are actually linked to high
incidence of cancer." Dr Mark Metfield, of the Association for International
Cancer Research, agreed the latest study provided no proof of the benefits of
vitamin D. "I am a bit cautious. There is no doubt there is a correlation
between people who have higher levels of vitamin D in their blood and a lower
risk of cancer - but it is only a correlation." The findings have been published
in the American Journal of Public Health.
Forwarded by Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Dear friends of science and archaeology,
Indus: The Unvoiced Civilization - Do not forget to see Dholavira science of
Ancient architect of the irrigation engineering
Series: Messages From the Past
Description: Shrouded in mystery, the details of the Indus Valley
civilization are slowly being extracted from the archaeological record. In this
program, Richard Meadow, of Harvard University; R. S. Bisht, of the
Archaeological Survey of India; linguist Asko H. S. Parpola; and other experts
investigate the language, customs, and beliefs of the inhabitants of
Mohenjo-daro, Harappa, Dholavira, and Kalibangan. Satellite photos, maps,
relics, and an extraordinary 3-D computer re-creation of Dholavira and its water
management system shed light on topics including the enigmatic Sarasvati River
and Indus Valley links to Bahrain and faraway Mesopotamia. (59 minutes, color)
Date: 2000
Subject: Social Studies
Length: 59 mins
Copyright: Films for the Humanities & Sciences
View Video
Download Video [218.80 Mb] (right-click link and select "save target as" to
download)
Videos can be viewed with the free RealPlayer from http://www.real.com
(A security vulnerability exists in all versions of RealPlayer prior to April
19, 2005. Please see RealMedia's security advisory and contact your local
technical support for assistance.)
To bookmark this page use: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/dmc/video/2790702
Forwarded by Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Wish you a happy winter Solstices and enjoy Coming UTAR-AYAN
Earth's Seasons Equinoxes, Solstices, Perihelion, and Aphelion Universal Time
d h d h m d h m
2005 2005
Perihelion Jan 2 01 Equinoxes Mar 20 12 33 Sept 22 22 23
Aphelion July 5 05 Solstices June 21 06 46 Dec 21 18 35
2006 2006
Perihelion Jan 4 15 Equinoxes Mar 20 18 26 Sept 23 04 03
Aphelion July 3 23 Solstices June 21 12 26 Dec 22 00 22
The date and time of the winter solstice
The exact date varies from year to year and may occur between the 20th and 23rd
of December.
Year Winter solstice in the Northern Hemisphere (UT)
1999 DEC-22 @ 07:44
2000 DEC-21 @ 13:37
2001 DEC-21 @ 19:21
2002 DEC-22 @ 01:14
2003 DEC-22 @ 07:03
2004 DEC-21 @ 12:41
2005 DEC-21 @ 18:30
2006 DEC-22 @ 00:20
2007 DEC-22 @ 06:09
2008 DEC-21 @ 11:59
2009 DEC-21 @ 17:49
2010 DEC-21 @ 23:38
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Dear Friends of science and Astronomy,
Astronomers see sun-like star with possible planet formation
http://edition.cnn.com/2005/TECH/space/12/15/planet.birth.ap/
WHBF, IL - 9 hours ago
PASADENA, California (AP) -- Astronomers have spotted a swirling debris cloud
around a sun-like star where terrestrial planets similar to Earth may be forming
in a process that could shed light on the birth of the solar system.
The star, located 137 light-years away, appears to possess an asteroid belt, a
zone where the leftovers of failed planets collide. Terrestrial planets are
those with rocky surfaces, as opposed to a gas composition.
Scientists estimate the star is about 30 million years old -- about the same age
as our sun when terrestrial planets like Earth were nearly formed.
"This is one of a very rare class of objects that may give us a glimpse into
what our solar system may have looked like," the Space Science Institute's Dean
Hines, who led the discovery, said in a statement.
Using the Spitzer Space Telescope, astronomers measured the temperature of the
debris disk to be minus 262 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 128 degrees Celsius),
warmer than other similar disks. The sun has a surface temperature between 5,000
and 7,000 degrees Fahrenheit (2,760 and 3,871 degrees Celsius).
Earlier this year, another team using the Spitzer telescope announced the
discovery of another asteroid belt orbiting a 2-billion-year-old sun-like star
35 light-years away.
Astronomers see sun-like star with possible planet formation
PASADENA, Calif. Astronomers say they're witnessing what may be the birth of
planets.
They've spotted a swirling debris cloud around a sun-like star where terrestrial
planets similar to Earth may be forming.
The star, located 137 light-years away, appears to possess an asteroid belt, a
zone where the leftovers of failed planets collide. Terrestrial planets are
those with rocky surfaces, as opposed to a gas composition.
Scientists estimate the star is about 30 (m) million years old -- about the same
age as our sun when terrestrial planets like Earth were nearly formed.
They hope a study of the process that could shed light on the birth of the solar
system.
Copyright 2005 Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be
published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.
Forwarded by Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Dear Friends of science and Astronomy,
Galaxies Colliding All Around Us Galaxies Colliding All Around Us
http://www.universetoday.com/am/publish/noao_local_universe.html
Summary - The history of our nearby Universe has been dominated by galactic
collisions. More than half of the nearby galaxies have collided other galaxies
in the last 2 billion year according to data from two comprehensive sky surveys.
By processing 126 galaxies in the NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey and the
Multiwavelength Survey by Yale/Chile, researchers have found that 53% of
galaxies have evidence of long tails of stars trailing away from them; the
result of a recent galactic collision.
Full Story -
Newly found galaxy collisions in the nearby universe. Image credit: NOAO.
Click to enlarge
More than half of the largest galaxies in the nearby universe have collided and
merged with another galaxy in the past two billion years, according to a new
study using hundreds of images from two of the deepest sky surveys ever
conducted.
The idea of large galaxies being assembled primarily by mergers rather than
evolving by themselves in isolation has grown to dominate cosmological thinking.
However, a troubling inconsistency within this general theory has been that the
most massive galaxies appear to be the oldest, leaving minimal time since the
Big Bang for the mergers to have occurred.
"Our study found these common massive galaxies do form by mergers. It is just
that the mergers happen quickly, and the features that reveal the mergers are
very faint and therefore difficult to detect," says Pieter van Dokkum of Yale
University, lead author of the paper in the December 2005 issue of the
Astronomical Journal.
The paper uses two recent deep surveys done with the National Science
Foundation's 4-meter telescopes at Kitt Peak National Observatory and Cerro
Tololo Inter-American Observatory, known as the NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey and
the Multiwavelength Survey by Yale/Chile. Together, these surveys covered an
area of the sky 50 times larger than the size of the full Moon.
"We needed data that are very deep over a very wide area to provide
statistically meaningful evidence," van Dokkum explains. "As happens so often in
science, fresh observations helped inform new conclusions."
Van Dokkum used images from the two surveys to look for telltale tidal features
around 126 nearby red galaxies, a color selection biased to select the most
massive galaxies in the local universe. These faint tidal features turn out to
be quite common, with 53 percent of the galaxies showing tails, broad fans of
stars trailing behind them or other obvious asymmetries.
"This implies that there is a galaxy that has endured a major collision and
subsequent merger event for every single other 'normal' undisturbed field
galaxy," van Dokkum notes. "Remarkably, the collisions that precede the mergers
are still ongoing in many cases. This allows us to study galaxies before,
during, and after the collisions."
Though there are not many direct star-to-star encounters in this merger process,
such galaxy collisions can have profound effects on star formation rates and the
shape of the resulting galaxy.
These mergers do not resemble the spectacular mergers of blue spiral galaxies
that are featured in several popular Hubble Space Telescope images. But these
red galaxy mergers appear to be much more common. Their ubiquity represents a
direct confirmation of predictions by the most common models for the formation
of large-scale structure in the Universe, with the added benefit of helping
solve the apparent-age problem.
"In the past, people equated stellar age with the age of the galaxy," van Dokkum
explains. "We have found that, though their stars are generally old, the
galaxies that result from these mergers are relatively young."
It is not yet understood why the merging process does not lead to enhanced star
formation in the colliding galaxies. It may be that massive black holes in the
centers of the galaxies provide the energy to heat or expel the gas that needs
to be able to cool in order to form new stars. Ongoing detailed study of the
newly found mergers will provide better insight into the roles that black holes
play in the formation and evolution of galaxies.
A series of images of different galaxies in this study that, taken together,
represent a time sequence of a typical red galaxy merger, is available here.
More information, including an animation of the mergers, is available from Yale
University.
Based in Tucson, AZ, the National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO) consists
of Kitt Peak National Observatory near Tucson, AZ, Cerro Tololo Inter-American
Observatory near La Serena, Chile, and the NOAO Gemini Science Center. NOAO is
operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA)
Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.
Original Source: NOAO News Release
Forwarded by Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Dear Docs and friends of medical science,
Adult stem cells 'fusion hope' http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/4528954.stm
Scientists believe adult stem cells may be more flexible than first thought.
Embryonic stem cells can become any tissue, but adult ones are limited to the
part of the body they are in. US researchers said evidence had shown adult cells
could be effectively fused with other cells to work elsewhere, New Scientist
magazine reported. The Oregon Health and Science University team said it meant
adult stem cells may be useful in fighting disease, but UK experts were less
sure. Critics of embryonic stem cell research have argued it is not ethical to
create human embryos for stem cells only to destroy them. As a result scientists
- particularly in the US where state funds cannot be used to fund embryonic stem
cell research - have been exploring ways of treating disease with stem cells via
adult cells.
Previous research has shown that adult cells can be fused with cells from other
parts of the body. But because the fused cells contain twice the number of
chromosomes they have trouble dividing, and struggle to replenish damaged
tissue. Markus Grompe, who led the Oregon team, told the American Society for
Cell Biology this week that he had evidence that fused cells could reduce the
number of chromosomes to the normal number. He said the process was called
"reduction divisions" and occurred routinely. The theory is that cells are
pre-programmed to know how many chromosomes they have, and can reduce their
number if they have too many. The researchers have shown that mice with a
disease called tyrosinemia type 1, which causes jaundice and cirrhosis of the
liver, can be cured by infusing their livers with bone marrow stem cells.
Analysis suggested the cells had reverted to the right number of chromosomes -
the first time this had been seen outside of insects. However, why this happened
was not clear. Dr Grompe is now investigating whether it is possible to use a
signalling molecule called insulin-like growth factor 1 to speed up the process,
as it is too slow to be effective on many human conditions.
Disease
Arnold Kriegstein, who heads the Institute for Stem Cell and Tissue Biology at
the University of California, said: "In much of the stem cell field, the promise
is way down the line. "But this is something that has already shown potential."
But Stephen Minger, director of the Stem Cell Biology Laboratory at King's
College London, said fusion had limited potential. "There are few stem cells
that can fuse like this, bone marrow stem cells are one. "But I am not sure how
useful it is to spend time on this, when other sources such as embryonic stem
cells have the potential for much more. "It has to be remembered this is coming
out of the US, there is a political agenda."
Forwarded by Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
From: KutchScience
Dear Docs and friends of medical science,
Tea 'reduces ovarian cancer risk' http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/4521964.stm
The risk of developing ovarian cancer can be reduced by drinking tea, a team of
Swedish researchers says.
Karolinska Institute researchers found drinking at least two cups a day cut the
risk by nearly 50%. Antioxidants in tea are thought to be the reason. The team
quizzed over 60,000 women, 301 of whom developed ovarian cancer. The Archives of
Internal Medicine study said more research was needed, and UK experts added
there was still no proof of the benefits. Previous research has shown tea helps
to protect against several types of cancer, and boosts memory.
But the Swedish study is the first to specifically examine the relationship
between tea consumption and ovarian cancer risk. Each year about 6,900 women in
the UK are diagnosed with ovarian cancer, with more than 4,600 deaths annually.
Ovarian cancer is also the fourth most common cause of cancer death in women in
the UK. Researchers questioned 61,057 women aged 40 to 76 about their eating and
drinking habits between 1987 and 1990. The women were followed up until December
2004 to see if they got cancer. The research revealed that 68% of women reported
drinking tea - mainly black tea - at least once a month. During the study a
total of 301 women were diagnosed with ovarian cancer.
Cups
Researchers said they saw a 46% lower risk of ovarian cancer in women who drank
two or more cups of tea per day compared with those who did not drink tea. Women
who drank one cup of tea a day had a 24% reduced risk, while those having less
than one cup had 18% less risk. Lead researcher Susanna Larsson said they had
found no link between coffee consumption and the risk of ovarian cancer, but
added more research was needed.
"In summary, our results from a large population-based cohort of Swedish women
suggest that tea consumption may lower the risk of ovarian cancer. "Because
prospective data on this relationship are scarce, our findings need confirmation
by future studies." Professor Tim Key, professor of epidemiology at Cancer
Research UK, said: "The risk for ovarian cancer is strongly related to hormonal
factors - risk decreases with each child a women has, and risk also decreases
the longer women take the oral contraceptive pill. "As yet there is no clear
evidence that diet affects the risk for this cancer, and although these new
results sound interesting they do not provide firm evidence that tea drinking
has any effect on the risk for ovarian cancer."
Forwarded by Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Dear Docs and friends of medical science,
The secret of 'muscular' old age http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/4502862.stm
Scientists believe they have found a way to enable the elderly to maintain
muscle.
Muscle is constantly being built and broken down, which works to maintain a
balance in young adults. But as people age, the breakdown process is more
successful than the muscle-building action. However French researchers, writing
in the Journal of Physiology, say adding the amino acid leucine to old people's
diets could help them keep muscle. UK experts agree, saying the best way to
boost leucine levels is to eat meat.
Slow down
Once adults reach 40, they start to lose between 0.5 and 2% of their muscle each
year. The team from the Human Nutrition Research Centre of Auvergne, in
Clermont-Ferrand, France looked at the behaviour of proteins in muscle. As in
all mammalian tissues, proteins are created (synthesised) from amino acids and
digested (degraded) by enzymes. Straight after a meal, the rate of synthesis
doubles, prompted by the arrival of a large amount of amino acids. The rate of
the breakdown of protein is highest in-between meals.
The difference between the two rates determines how much protein remains in the
muscle. But, in older animals - and, it is believed, includes humans - the amino
acid stimulus prompting synthesis is less effective, and the process slows down.
However, the breakdown of proteins is not, leaving older animals with less
protein than their younger counterparts. The researchers compared protein
breakdown in young (eight-month-old) and old (22-month) rats.
They discovered that the slow down in degradation that normally follows a meal
does not occur in old animals, so there is excessive breakdown. But when the
scientists boosted levels of one amino acid, leucine, the balance of synthesis
and breakdown was restored.
Falls danger
The team, led by Dr Didier Attaix, suggest the protein processing imbalance
which comes with age results from defects in the complex machinery that breaks
down muscle protein, and that leucine supplementation can fully restore correct
function. He said: "Preventing muscle wasting is a major socio-economic and
public health issue, that we may be able to combat with a leucine-rich diet." Dr
Michael Rennie from the University of Nottingham Medical School at Derby told
the BBC News website said more research into the finding was needed. But he said
older people could make changes to their diet now which could help them maintain
muscle.
"If they don't, they can fall over more easily; they can trip downstairs or fall
in the bath." Dr Rennie said older people could act now, even before further
research had been carried out. "Leucine is most abundant in meat, so it makes
sense in terms of protein synthesis to eat meat. "As people get older, they tend
to need to eat less. But people should maintain their protein intake as they
age."
Forwarded by Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Dear Friends of science and Astronomy,
US group proposes Neptune mission
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4515752.stm
Neptune and its largest moon, Triton, could be the targets of a major space
mission in the decades ahead, if a group of US researchers gets its way.
The team has put together a concept for a "mothership" and probes that would
investigate the ice giant which orbits some 4.5bn km from the Sun. So far, only
one spacecraft, Voyager 2, has visited Neptune - a flyby in 1989. A mission like
the one being proposed could cost $3-4bn dollars and would probably need
international partners.
"It would also take up the careers of the mission team," said Bernie Bienstock,
a robotic systems project manger with aerospace company Boeing. "It's probably
like an 18-year mission but then there's all the lead time - another 10 years to
do all the selling to Congress and Nasa, and do all the detailed engineering
design. "You're looking at about 30 years from beginning to end."
Captured moon
Neptune is the eighth planet from the Sun, beyond Uranus but nearer than Pluto.
Voyager showed us a blue giant with an extremely dynamic atmosphere; its winds
race around the planet at speeds of 300m/sec. Voyager also saw rings - much more
tenuous than Saturn's - and pictured its "great dark spot", a storm system akin
to those familiar in our images of Jupiter. But it is Neptune's largest moon,
Triton, which may be the big pull for science.
It has a surface of fascinating contrasts and geysers of nitrogen. It is
probably not a natural satellite but a captured object which came in from the
furthest reaches of the Solar System. "The moon is geologically active - we've
seen that from Voyager 2's pictures of geysers," said David Atkinson, a
University of Idaho professor. "It's just so different to all the other moons of
Neptune, and the moons of Uranus and Jupiter, and it would make an excellent
comparison with Kuiper Belt objects such as Pluto and its moon, Charon. "It
would provide us with a wealth of information about the origin and evolution of
the outer Solar System."
Risky landing
Bienstock and Atkinson presented their team's concept of a Neptune mission here
at the American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting. They propose it become one of
the US space agency's big flagship missions, of the type Nasa can fly only once
a decade because of the scale and cost involved. The concept envisions a
25-tonne spacecraft that would be powered by a nuclear fission reactor and ion
propulsion system. Only this configuration would give the mission the power and
flexibility to reach across the Solar System and complete its science goals.
These would include sending two probes on a collision course with the planet, to
take readings in the atmosphere before being crushed by its pressure. The
mothership would then attempt to put a lander on the surface of 2,700km-wide
Triton. Getting down safely would be a colossal engineering challenge, Bienstock
concedes. "The probe would have a mass of about 500kg - 65% of that is a
propulsion system to slow you down so you don't crash," he explained.
"There is a very thin atmosphere on Triton but there's not enough for parachutes
to slow you down. You've got a lot of engineering overhead just to deliver the
science package." Once down, the lander could sample the chemical properties of
surface materials and send back images of the alien landscape. The whole concept
has been put together under a Nasa Vision Mission contract. This does not
automatically mean, however, that such a mission will get to fly. Its purpose is
to investigate possibilities, to help the agency understand the requirements of
complex projects as it maps out future plans.
Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
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Dear Docs and friends of medical science,
Hope for resistant asthma therapy http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/4507654.stm
A vitamin supplement may help treat asthma patients who do not respond to
standard drugs, research suggests.
People who fail to respond to steroid therapy suffer repeated attacks and are at
a greater risk of dying. A team at King's College London found the vitamin D3
could improve these patients' responsiveness to steroids. The researchers say
their work, published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation, could
potentially save patients' lives and NHS resources.
Asthma is usually treated very effectively with inhaled steroids, but for some
patients taking steroid tablets is the only option, even though they can cause
serious side effects. Some people, however, fail to respond even to high doses
of oral steroids. Researcher Professor Tak Lee said: "This research is really
exciting and points the direction towards potential new strategies for reversing
steroid resistance.
"This has major implications for how to treat patients with severe asthma and
could also substantially reduce the use of NHS resources."
Immune response
The team's results imply that steroid treatment works, at least in part, by
inducing the T-cells of the immune system to synthesise a secreted signalling
molecule, called IL-10. This molecule can inhibit the immune responses that
cause the symptoms of allergic and asthmatic disease. Unlike T-cells from
healthy individuals, or patients that respond to steroids, T-cells taken from
patients who are steroid resistant do not produce IL-10 when cultured in vitro
with the steroid, dexamethasone. However, the researchers found that when
vitamin D3 was added to the culture medium along with dexamethasone, this defect
was reversed.
The researchers gave daily vitamin D3 supplements to people with asthma who were
unresponsive to steroids for seven days. Blood tests showed the patients'
T-cells were more responsive to dexamethasone after they had taken the
supplement.
Further work needed
Lead researcher Dr Catherine Hawrylowicz said: "At the moment we only have a
preliminary experimental observation. "We now need to test the benefits of this
treatment in the clinic, and we are currently putting a proposal together to
carry out this work. "Interestingly, vitamin D3 is at present occasionally
administered to patients with severe asthma to help prevent steroid-induced
osteoporosis. "Our studies suggest that there is an additional potential benefit
to this treatment."
Dr Lyn Smurthwaite, research development manager at Asthma UK, said:
"Two-point-six million people in the UK have severe asthma symptoms, many of
whom have restricted treatment options available to them as they do not respond
to conventional steroid therapy. "This research opens up a potentially important
new avenue for developing treatments for people with difficult to control
asthma."
Forwarded by Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.
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