Dear friends Of Science and Astronomy,

Water flowed 'recently' on Mars : Nasa says it has found "compelling" evidence
that liquid water flowed recently on the surface of Mars.

Gullies like this could have been cut by water, Nasa says
The finding adds further weight to the idea that Mars might harbour the right
conditions for life. The appearance of gullies, revealed in orbital images from
a Nasa probe, suggests that water could have flowed on the surface in the last
few years. But some scientists think these fresh gullies could also have been
cut by liquid carbon dioxide (CO2). The latest research emerged when Nasa's Mars
Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft spotted gullies and trenches that scientists
believed were geologically young and carved by fast-moving water coursing down
cliffs and steep crater walls. Scientists at the San Diego-based Malin Space
Science Systems, who operate a camera aboard MGS decided to retake photos of
thousands of gullies in search of evidence for recent water activity. Two
gullies that were originally photographed in 1999 and 2001, and imaged again in
2004 and 2005, showed changes consistent with water flowing down the crater
walls, according to the study. In both cases, scientists found bright,
light-coloured deposits in the gullies that were not present in the original
photos. They concluded that the deposits - possibly mud, salt or frost - were
left there when water recently cascaded through the channels. Other scientists
think it possible that gullies like this were caused not by water but by liquid
carbon dioxide. One of the reasons for favouring CO2 was that computer models of
the Martian crust indicated water could exist only at depths of several
kilometres. Liquid carbon dioxide, on the other hand, could persist much nearer
the surface where temperatures can drop as low as -107C.

Prospects for life


  We're now realising Mars is more active than we previously thought, and that
the mid-latitude section seems to be where all the action is Phil Christensen,
Arizona State University
Oded Aharonson, an assistant professor of planetary science at the California
Institute of Technology (Caltech) said that while the interpretation of recent
water activity on Mars was "compelling," it was just one possible explanation.
Aharonson said further study was needed to determine whether the deposits could
have been left there by the flow of dust rather than water. Deciding what was
responsible for the features is a pressing question that has important
consequences for the likelihood of life on Mars. Scientists have proposed that
reservoirs of liquid water could exist beneath the Martian surface, providing a
habitat for microbial life. "This underscores the importance of searching for
life on Mars, either present or past," said Bruce Jakosky, an astrobiologist at
the University of Colorado at Boulder, who had no role in the study. "It's one
more reason to think that life could be there." Mars Global Surveyor abruptly
lost radio contact with Earth last month. Attempts to locate the spacecraft,
which has mapped the Red Planet since 1996, have failed, and scientists fear it
is lost. Nasa's Mars rovers, which landed in 2004, have sent scientists back
equally strong evidence that liquid water flowed on the surface in ancient
times, based on observations of alterations in ancient rocks. "We're now
realising Mars is more active than we previously thought, and that the
mid-latitude section seems to be where all the action is," said Arizona State
University scientist Phil Christensen, who was not part of the current research.


Forwarded By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
  http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/ http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science Group of
India.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Dear friends of Archaeology and science,

Archaeologists are attracted to the places of the name with Kotada - kotadi, 
There are about more than hundred archaeological sites in Kutch (Harappan /
Indus / sarasvati ). amongst Dholavira and Kuran Moti are well-known and some
are Khedoi , Lakhapar and kali Ramvav near RAMVAV in Rapar. Jhura Kotadi,
Meghpar GadhWARI wadi, Sukhpar Bajariyo nearZadko - Zadki, Surkotada ,
MadKotada, RaparGADH, and so ....on. archaeologists are attracted to the places
of the name with Kotada - kotadi eithet it may be a Kotada - kotadi of Dholavira
or kotada jadodar,Kotada bhadli, Kotada sangani, kotada Roha, Kotada Bhadli,
Kotada mad, Kotada chakar or any kotada/ kotadi and also to the GADH eg GADHWARI
WADI, Bajario GADH, Bajariyu Gaam.

LIST OF SITES OF SARASVATI CIVILIZATION of KUTCH
SITE                 DISTRICT         SIZE             PERIODS
COORD.             COORD.                     BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bhachau           Kutch                                Medieval
IAR 1985-86: 17
Chitrod             Kutch                                Mature Harappan
23 24 00 N          70 40 00 E                   IAR 1977-78: 20     Joshi et al
1984: 529

Desalpur           Kutch             1.3             Early Historic Mature
Harappan                    23 37 00 N         69 08 00E                     IAR
1955-56: 69-70 Rao 1963a: 188, 205

Dholavira         Kutch               60             Mature Harappan
23 53 10 N         70 13 00 E                     IAR 1967-68: 17 Amri-Nal
Possehl 1980: 97 Joshi et al 1984: 529 Bisht 1989, 1991

Gadhwaliwadi  Kutch                               Mature Harappan
23 30 00 N         69 08 00 E                     IAR 1976-77: 74 IAR 1978-79:
94  Joshi et al 1984: 529

Mochirai Zadko  Kutch                              Mature Harappan
23 13 00 N         69 37 00 E

BHARASAR dam Kutch                             Mature Harappan
23 10 00 N         69 34 00 E

Zura Kotadi      Kutch                               Mature Harappan
23 24 00 N         69 36 00 E

Gameri             Kutch                              Medieva Post-urban
Harappanl
IAR 1985-86: 17

Gunthai             Kutch                             Mature Harappan
23 28 00 N         69 09 00 E                     Possehl 1980: 98 Joshi et al
1984: 529

Jagaroh             Kutch                             Medieval Post-urban
Harappan                    23 21 00 N         70 11 00 E                    
IAR 1986-87: 29

Jatavadar         Kutch                             Mature Harappan
23 45 00 N             70 40 00 E                   Joshi et al 1984: 529

JataVira           Kutch                              Mature Harappan
23 27 00 N             69 15 00 E

LAKHIYAVIRA        Kutch                        Mature Harappan
23 22 00 N             69 20 00 E

Kotay(Koteshwar)      Kutch                        Mature Harappan
23 23 00 N             69 48 00 E

Jhangar Anjar          Kutch         8           Mature Harappan
23 19 00 N             70 05 00 E                 IAR 1965-66: 14 Possehl 1980:
100 Joshi et al 1984: 528 Joshi 1990b: 418

Jhangar Khavada     Kutch                     Mature Harappan
23 53 00 N                 69 44 00 E              Chitalwala 1985: key fig. 8

Juna Chopadwa     Kutch                     Mature Harappan
23 16 00 N 70 15 00 E                                 IAR 1986-87: 29

Kanmer             Kutch                         Medieval Mature Harappan
IAR 1985-86: 19

Kanthkot             Kutch                         Mature Harappan
23 29 00 N                 70 29 00 E                 IAR 1967-68: 17 Possehl
1980: 102 Joshi et al 1984: 529

Katasar             Kutch                         Late Sorath Harappan
23 34 00 N                70 29 00 E                 Rao 1963a: 188, 206 Possehl
1980: 102 Joshi et al 1984: 528

Kerasi             Kutch         30.5           Mature Harappan
23 40 00 N                 70 44 00 E                 IAR 1965-66: 12 Possehl
1980: 102 Joshi et al 1984: 529 Joshi 1990: 412

Khakhra Dera     Kutch                       Mature Harappan
23 34 00 N                 70 29 00 E                 IAR 1960-61: 8 Possehl
1980: 103 Joshi et al 1984: 529

Khandariya     Kutch                         Late Medieval Mature Harappan
IAR 1985-86: 19

Kharika Khanda     Kutch                     Mature Harappan
23 27 00 N                 70 19 00 E                 IAR 1965-66: 14 Possehl
1980: 105 Joshi et al 1984: 529

Khavda         Kutch                         Mature Harappan
IAR 1977-78: 20

Khedoi         Kutch                         Mature Harappan
23 03 00 N                 69 57 00 E                 IAR 1970: 13   Microliths
IAR 1976-77: 15  Joshi et al 1984: 529

Kotada Bhadli One     Kutch     3         Lustrous Red Ware Mature Harappan
23 22 00 N                 69 26 00 E                 IAR 1965-66: 14-6  Possehl
1980: 105 Joshi et al 1984: 529

Kotada Bhadli Three  Kutch             Mature Harappan
23 22 00 N                 69 26 00 E                 IAR 1965-66: 14-6 Possehl
1980: 105

Kotada Bhadli Two     Kutch     8         Mature Harappan
23 22 00 N                     69 26 00 E                IAR 1965-66: 14-6
Possehl 1980: 105  Joshi et al 1984: 529

Kotada Kutch             Kutch             Lustrous Red Ware
23 18 00 N                     70 06 00 E               Possehl 1980: 106 
Mature Harappan Joshi et al 1984: 529

Kotahra             Kutch                      Mature Harappan
IAR 1977-78: 20

Kateshwar (Lakhpat)    Kutch          Mature Harappan
23 46 00 N             68 52 00 E

Kotara              Kutch                     Mature Harappan
23 58 00 N                   69 47 00 E                 IAR 1967-68: 17 Possehl
1980: 106 Joshi et al 1984: 529

Lodai             Kutch                     Mature Harappan Post-urban Harappan
IAR 1955-56: 69-70

Lakhasar One     Kutch                 Mature Harappan
23 14 00 N                         70 41 00 E             IAR 1986-87: 29

Lakhasar Two     Kutch                 Mature Harappan
23 14 00 N                         70 41 00 E             IAR 1986-87: 29

Lakhpar             Kutch         8         Mature Harappan
23 33 00 N                         70 28 00 E             IAR 1965-66: 16
Possehl 1980: 107 Joshi et al 1984: 529 Joshi 1990b: 418

Lakhpat             Kutch                 Mature Harappan
23 50 00 N                         68 47 00 E                 IAR 1960-61: 8
Possehl 1980: 108

Luna                 Kutch                 Mature Harappan
23 40 00 N                         69 15 00 E                 Rao 1963a: 206
Possehl 1980: 108 Joshi et al 1984: 528

Luna Mandvi     Kutch Mature Harappan
22 50 00 N                         69 24 00 E                 Possehl 1980: 108
Joshi et al 1984: 528

Rayan Juni Mandvi     Kutch         Mature Harappan
22 52 00 N                         69 21 00 E                 Possehl 1980: 108
Joshi et al 1984: 528

Mandriyara Mohra     Kutch         Medieval Mature Harappan
23 30 00 N                     70 16 00 E                     IAR 1986-87: 29

Meghper             Kutch                 Mature Harappan
IAR 1980-81: 10

Morvo             Kutch                     Mature Harappan
23 50 00 N                         70 42 00 E                      IAR 1967-68:
17 Joshi 1972: 114 Possehl 1980: 110 Joshi et al 1984: 529

Mulu             Kutch                     Mature Harappan
IAR 1979-80: 17

Narapa             Kutch                 Mature Harappan
23 29 00 N                         69 09 00 E                         IAR
1967-68: 17 Possehl 1980: 110 Joshi et al 1984: 529

Nadapa Caves    Kutch               Mature Harappan
23 19 00 N                         69 55 00 E

Navinal             Kutch                 Mature Harappan
22 50 00 N                         69 35 00 E                         Rao 1963a:
206 Possehl 1980: 111 Joshi et al 1984: 528

Nenuni Dhar     Kutch                 Mature Harappan
23 51 00 N                         69 44 00 E                         IAR
1967-68: 17 Possehl 1980: 111 Joshi et al 1984: 528-9

Ner Nesdo         Kutch                 Mature Harappan Sorath Harappan
IAR 1980-81: 10  Chitalwala 1985: key fig. 8

Netra Khirasara     Kutch                 Red Polished Ware Mature Harappan
IAR 1969-70: 6  IAR 1976-77: 74

Pabumath         Kutch     1.5         Late Sorath Harappan Mature Harappan    
23 37 00 N                     70 31 00 E                             IAR
1977-78: 21 Possehl 1980: 111 Joshi et al 1984: 528-9

Paria Waro Mohra    Kutch             Medieval Post-urban Harappan
23 06 00 N                     70 05 00 E                             IAR
1986-87: 29

Patel Raniji Ka Magsa     Kutch     Post-urban Harappan
23 06 00 N                     70 11 00 E                             IAR
1986-87: 29

Pirwada Khetar         Kutch             Mature Harappan
23 20 00 N                     70 00 00 E                              IAR
1965-66: 17 Possehl 1980: 112  Joshi et al 1984: 529

Rampar Vekarano Timbo  Kutch     Mature Harappan
IAR 1967-68: 9 Posshl 1980: 114

Rampar                                         Sorath Harappan
Chitalwala 1985: key fig. 8

Rampara              Kutch                 Mature Harappan
23 30 00 N                     70 45 00 E                               Joshi et
al 1984: 529

Ramvav             Kutch                 Mature Harappan
23 32 00 N                     70 28 00 E                                 IAR
1977-78: 20 Joshi et al 1984: 529

Samagogha     Kutch                 Late Sorath Harappan Mature Harappan     22
55 00 N                     69 40 00 E                                 Possehl
1980: 115 Joshi et al 1984: 528

Sapara         Kutch                     Mature Harappan
IAR 1979-80: 17

Selari         Kutch                     Mature Harappan
23 42 00 N                        70 37 00 E                                 IAR
1967-68: 17 Possehl 1980: 115 Joshi et al 1984: 529

Shikarpur Kutch Kutch     5.3     Mature Harappan
23 07 00 N                           70 35 00 E                                
IAR 1986-87: 80

Surkotada         Kutch     1.4     Early to Mature Mature Harappan Harappan  23
37 00 N                 70 50 00 E                                 IAR 1964-65:
12  Possehl 1980: 116 Joshi et al 1984: 528

Toda Timbo     Kutch             Mature Harappan
IAR 1955-56: 70

Todio             Kutch               Mature Harappan
23 05 00 N                         68 55 00 E                                
Rao 1963a: 188, 207 Possehl 1980: 118 Joshi et al 1984: 529

Vada             Kutch                 Mature Harappan
23 29 00 N                         69 07 00 E                                
IAR 1967-68: 17 Possehl 1980: 118 Joshi et al 1984: 529

Vaidwali Mohra     Kutch         Post-urban Harappan
IAR 1985-86: 17

Rapar gadhwari     Kutch         Post-urban Harappan
23 06 00 N                         68 47 00 E

Rampar Abada wari  Kutch         Post-urban Harappan                            
23 20 00 N                         68 48 00 E

Kotada Chakar       Kutch         Post-urban Harappan
23 06 00 N                         69 44 00 E

Kotada MAD     Kutch                 Post-urban Harappan
23 28 00 N                         68 54 00 E

Bhadreshwar         Kutch             Post-urban Harappan
22 54 00 N                         69 54 00 E

Gadhada Khadir   Kutch             Mature Harappan
23 54 00 N                         70 26 00 E

KANTHKOT           Kutch             Mature Harappan
23  29 N                         70 28 00 E



By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
  http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/ http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj

Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science Group of
India.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Dear Friends of Geology, Archaeology History and Science
Watch the area of ANCIENT harappan dam of BHARASAR which is the area of the
origin of the tributary of the river Zadko from the hills of Khatrod LANKI area
near hills of BHARASAR, river then flows to Manukuva and then to Sukhpar - file
is also attached as Bharasar dam area site.jpg - a line is drown between the
hill area where the possibility of the dam was there. now is washed out but both
ends of hills are visible on either side of the expected dam area. which itself
suggestive of the possible dam in that area in the past (+2000BC)



Forwarded By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
  http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/ http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science Group of
India.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Dear Friends of Geology, Archaeology History and Science
Watch the path of the river Saraswati from lake of PUSHKAR near Ajmer to the
MARUDA -NE part of the great RANN of the KUTCH - file is also attached as
Saraswati river from Puskar to Rann of KUTCH.jpg

We can observe the water channels along the Saraswati river basin area and also
compare the gradient of slop of the river basin from the Pushkar to the ran of
kutch which is steadily down from pushkar 1300 ft to the rann of the kutch 3ft -
picture also will be uploaded in the respective groups below



Forwarded By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
  http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/ http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science Group of
India.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Dear Docs, Medicos and friends of Science and Genetics,

Humans show big DNA differences http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/6174510.stm

DNA comparisons: Gains (green), losses (red), the same (yellow)

Scientists have shown that our genetic code varies between individuals far more
than was previously thought. A UK-led team made a detailed analysis of the DNA
found in 270 people and identified vast stretches in their codes to be
duplicated or even missing. A great many of these variations are in areas of the
genome that would not damage our health, Matthew Hurles and colleagues told the
journal Nature. But others are - and can be shown to play a role in a number of
disorders. To date, the investigation of the human genome has tended to focus on
very small changes in DNA that can have deleterious effects - at the scale of
just one or a few bases, or "letters", in the biochemical code that programs
cellular activity. And for many years, scientists have also been able to look
through microscopes to see very large-scale abnormalities that arise when whole
DNA bundles, or chromosomes, are truncated or duplicated. But it is only
recently that researchers have developed the molecular "tools" to focus on
medium-scale variations of the code - at the scale of thousands of DNA letters.
Big factor


The double-stranded DNA molecule is held together by chemical components called
bases Adenine (A) bonds with thymine (T); cytosine(C) bonds with guanine (G)
These "letters" form the "code of life"; there are about 2.9 billion base-pairs
in the human genome wound into 24 distinct bundles, or chromosomes Written in
the DNA are about 20-25,000 genes which human cells use as starting templates to
make proteins; these sophisticated molecules build and maintain our bodies

This analysis of so-called copy number variation (CNV) has now revealed some
startling results. It would seem the assumption that the DNA of any two humans
is 99.9% similar in content and identity no longer holds. The researchers were
astonished to locate 1,447 CNVs in nearly 2,900 genes, the starting "templates"
written in the code that are used by cells to make the proteins which drive our
bodies. This is a huge, hitherto unrecognised, level of variation between one
individual and the next. "Each one of us has a unique pattern of gains and
losses of complete sections of DNA," said Matthew Hurles, of the UK's Wellcome
Trust Sanger Institute. "One of the real surprises of these results was just how
much of our DNA varies in copy number. We estimate this to be at least 12% of
the genome. "The copy number variation that researchers had seen before was
simply the tip of the iceberg, while the bulk lay submerged, undetected. We now
appreciate the immense contribution of this phenomenon to genetic differences
between individuals."
Evolving story



A microscope will show up the biggest code abnormalitiesThe new understanding
will change the way in which scientists search for genes involved in disease.
"Many examples of diseases resulting from changes in copy number are emerging,"
commented Charles Lee, one of the project's leaders from Brigham and Women's
Hospital and Harvard Medical School in Boston, US. "A recent review lists 17
conditions of the nervous system alone - including Parkinson's disease and
Alzheimer's disease - that can result from such copy number changes." Scientists
are not sure why the copy variations emerge, but it probably has something to do
with the shuffling of genetic material that occurs in the production of eggs and
sperm; the process is prone to errors. As well as aiding the investigation of
disease and the development of new drugs, the research will also inform the
study of human evolution, which probes genetic variation in modern populations
for what it can say about their relationship to ancestral peoples.

Forwarded By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
  http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/ http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science Group of
India.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

From: KutchScience

Dear Docs, Medicos and friends of Science and Genetics,

Comments : - Why a nature in human and animals too have a tendency to suck or
lick the part of injury /pain as a natural reflex to relive pain and also saliva
has not only cleaning activity but also antibacterial activity as well as
antibody protections. (Will soon be published NEXT in line) Not only that but
the Human brain is also producing natural painkiller opiorphin which is six
times more powerful than morphine, and when a person is given a placebo as a
control test it may be that pain is relieved by opiorphin released by the human
brain.and so all placebo test for the control / or compare testing will be
invalid as we never understood the brain opiorphin activity and we just compared
control testing with placebo and other pharmaceutical products. It may be that
person having a trust -faith in any alternative drugs or treatment may be having
that opiorphin natural painkiller reliving the pain and so we say TRUST GOD he
will do all well.
Natural-born painkiller found in human saliva
http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn10514-naturalborn-painkiller-found-in-huma\
n-saliva-.html
   a.. 22:00 13 November 2006
   b.. NewScientist.com news service
   c.. Andy Coghlan Saliva from humans has yielded a natural painkiller up to six
times more powerful than morphine, researchers say.
The substance, dubbed opiorphin, may spawn a new generation of natural
painkillers that relieve pain as well as morphine but without the addictive and
psychological side effects of the traditional drug.

When the researchers injected a pain-inducing chemical into rats' paws, 1 gram
of opiorphin per kilogram of body weight achieved the same painkilling effect as
3 grams of morphine.

The substance was so successful at blocking pain that, in a test involving a
platform of upended pins, the rats needed six times as much morphine as
opiorphin to render them oblivious to the pain of standing on the needle points.

Anti-depressive angle
"Its pain-suppressive effect is like that of morphine," says Catherine Rougeot
at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, France, who led the research. "But we have to
test its side effects as it is not a pure painkiller," she says. "It may also be
an anti-depressive molecule."

Rougeot and colleagues discovered that opiorphin works in nerve cells of the
spine by stopping the usual destruction of natural pain-killing opiates there,
called enkephalins.

Opiorphin is such a simple molecule that it should be possible to synthesise it
and produce large quantities without having to isolate it from saliva, Rougeot
explains. Alternatively, it might be possible to find drugs which trigger
patients' bodies to produce more of the molecule themselves.

Journal reference: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (vol 103, p
17979)

Supporting Figure 4  Fig. 4. Human Opiorphin demonstrates inhibitory potency of
enkephalin-degrading ectopeptidases. (A) Concentration-dependent inhibition by
QRFSR peptide of Mca-BK2 cleavage by hNEP expressed at the cell surface of
recombinant HEK293 cells. (B) Concentration-dependent inhibition by QRFSR
peptide of Ala-pNA cleavage by hAP-N expressed at the cell surface of
recombinant HEK293 cells. Each point represents the specific endopeptidase
(white diamond, A) or aminopeptidase (black diamond, B) activity, expressed in
relative fluorescent units (RFU)/min per mg or mA405/min per mg of membrane
protein, respectively, which was measured in the absence or in the presence of
various concentrations of QRFSR peptide (in mM).


Supporting Figure 5  Fig. 5. Opiorphin-derived peptide displays potent analgesic
activity in pain rat model. Evaluation of the pain response of rats to noxious
chemical stimuli after administration of QRFSR-derivative peptide. The tests
were performed 15 min after injecting rats with QRFSR-derived peptide or vehicle
via the tail vein. Dose-dependent antinociceptive effects of YQRFSR peptide on
the duration of paw licking (A) and number of body tremors (B) during the three
20-min periods of the formalin test (0- to 20-min early phase; 40- to 60-min
late phase). The values represent the mean ± SEM of eight animals for each
condition: vehicle, white circle; YQRFSR peptide at 0.5 mg/kg dose, white
diamond; YQRFSR peptide at 1 mg/kg dose, black diamond. *, P < 0.05, **, P <
0.01, and ***, P < 0.001 by Dunnett's t test.

ALSO read followings

News - Olive oil 'acts like painkiller' Good quality olive oil contains a
natural chemical that acts in a similar way to a painkiller, a study says..

News - Natural pain relief Scientists have discovered that the body's immune
system produces a natural painkiller which could be used to develop a new
generation of analgesics..
Forwarded By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
  http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/ http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science Group of
India.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Dear friends Of Science and Astronomy,

       Return of the Leonids - The timing favors western Europe, Africa, Brazil
and eastern parts of North America


       On Sunday, Nov. 19th, Earth will pass through a stream of debris from
comet 55P/Tempel-Tuttle. The result: a shower of Leonid meteors.

       "We expect an outburst of more than 100 Leonids per hour," says Bill
Cooke, the head of NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office in Huntsville, AL. This
pales in comparison to the Leonid storms of 2001 and 2002, when sky watchers saw
thousands of meteors. Even so, a hundred per hour would make the Leonids one of
the best showers of 2006.

       Right: A Leonid meteor streaks past the Orion Nebula in 2001. Photo
Credit: Mark Brown of Alabama. [More]

       The problem is, you have to be in the right place at the right time to see
them.

       Earth's encounter with the comet dust is going to be brief-"possibly no
more than a few hours long," says Cooke. Forecasters differ on when the outburst
will occur. Estimates range from 0445 UT to 0630 UT on Nov. 19th (11:45 p.m. on
Nov. 18th to 1:30 am EST on Nov. 19th). The timing favors western Europe,
Africa, Brazil and eastern parts of North America: map.


       Cooke urges observers to find the darkest possible skies. "These Leonids
are going to be faint." Why? "The stream contains very small grains of comet
dust. Small grains make faint meteors--it's as simple as that."

       The mid-November region of Earth's orbit is littered with debris from
Comet Tempel-Tuttle. Every time the comet visits the inner solar system (once
every 33 years), it lays down a new stream of dust, pebbles and rock. This
creates a sort of "minefield" for Earth to navigate every November.

       Not all of these debris streams are alike. For example: "A Leonid stream
we hit in 1998 was full of rock-sized debris. They made brilliant fireballs when
they hit the atmosphere," recalls Cooke. "The stream we're hitting this year is
just the opposite. It's mostly fine dust."

       Right: A minefield of Leonid debris streams. The streams intersect the
plot at nearly right angles, so they resemble 2D clouds rather than 3D
filaments. Credit J. Vaubaillon. [More]

       Debris streams are segregated-dusty vs. rocky-by the force of sunlight.
Consider the stream directly ahead of us: "It was ejected from the comet in
1933," says Cooke. "At first, the debris was a mixture of many sizes." But as
years passed, the smaller particles diverged from the larger ones. Radiation
pressure-the delicate pressure of sunlight itself-pushed the light dust onto a
collision course with Earth. Heavier rock-sized fragments resisted the pressure
and lagged behind.

       Perhaps in some future year we'll encounter the larger debris from 1933
and receive an overdue display of fireballs. How would they get here? "Nudged by
Jupiter," suggests Cooke. Jupiter's gravity is strong enough to alter the course
of heavier fragments. Indeed, by guiding debris toward us, Jupiter is indirectly
responsible for many bright Leonid displays in the past.

       But this is 2006. So prepare for an outburst of faint Leonids.

       Extra: Don't believe everything you read. While meteor forecasters have
done a splendid job predicting Leonid outbursts in recent years-sometimes
"nailing the peak within minutes"-they could be wrong in 2006. The outburst
might happen at an unexpected time or it might be better than expected. Cooke
urges enthusiasts everywhere to keep an eye out for Leonid meteors the nights of
Nov. 17th - 19th. "The best time to look," he says, "is just before local dawn
when the constellation Leo is high in the sky."



By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
  http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/ http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science Group of
India.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Dear friends Of Space, Science abd Astronomy,

India has double advantage as IAU names 2009 as International Year of Astronomy.
in the same year 2009 July 22 Wednesday a Total Solar Eclipse crosses INDIA
starting from Saurashtra (across the Tropics of Cancer) and to Darjeeling . so
not only IAU but the whole India will celebrate science and Astronomy in al over
India as all astronomers will flood all over India during that time to celebrate
International Year of Astronomy  only draw back is its the starting of Monsoon
in India. wish we  get a day of blessing from god to have a nice day and nice
time of that four minutes of time a that particular moment. 2009 July 22
Wednesday


From:hpatel63  kutchscience@hotmail  (2009 July 22 Wednesday)

Sent: Tuesday, May 18, 2004 1:50 PM
Subject: After Venus Transit An another Golden opportunity for India, All Solar
Eclipses until 2015 @ http://eclipse.astroinfo.org/solar/globallist2005.html
http://eclipse.astroinfo.org/solar/maps/solecl-2009-07-22-india.html


          http://eclipse.astroinfo.org/solar/globallist2005.html  All Solar
Eclipses until 2015
       We compiled all solar eclipses for the nearer future, accompagned with a
rought global view of the region obscured. Maps are available on a national
scale for total solar eclipses, and for selected regions of some annular
eclipses.



          PARIS, Oct. 30 (Xinhua) -- The International Astronomical
Union(IAU) on Monday announced 2009 the International Year of Astronomy,
marking the 400th anniversary of Galileo Galilei's first turning one of his
telescopes to the night sky in 1609.

          The International Year of Astronomy 2009 was aimed at providing an
opportunity for the public to gain a deeper insight into astronomy's role in
enriching all human cultures, while serving as a platform for informing the
public about the latest astronomical discoveries, the IAU said in a
statement.

          In the year 2009, astronomy would be brought closer to the public
by facilitating their interaction with professional and amateur astronomers
at planetariums and public observatories, it said.

          In 1609, Galileo Galilei first used a telescope to observe the
night sky and made astonishing discoveries that changed mankind's conception
of the world forever.

          The IAU, founded in 1919, was the world's largest professional
body, with nearly 9,000 astronomers. Its mission is to promote and safeguard
the science of astronomy in all its aspects through international
cooperation.


By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
  http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/ http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science Group of
India.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Hello,

This email message is a notification to let you know that
a file has been uploaded to the Files area of the scienceclubofindia
group.

   File        : /Plans Of ISRO.pdf
   Uploaded by : kutchscience
   Description : Plans of ISRO for Geo - Astronomical Science and Space

You can access this file at the URL:
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia/files/Plans%20Of%20ISRO.pdf

To learn more about file sharing for your group, please visit:
http://help.yahoo.com/help/in/groups/files

Regards,

kutchscience

From: KutchScience

       Dear Docs, Medicos and friends of Science and Genetics,


  New machine to scan the brain  http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/3681938.stm

A new and powerful brain scanner has been unveiled by a team of scientists at
Nottingham University. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/south_west/6126526.stm
       New £1.3m MRI scanner at hospital

             The scanner can help diagnose a range of conditions
       A Pembrokeshire hospital is to get a new £1.3m scanner which can examine
the brain, spinal cord and joints, and investigate cancers and strokes.
       The scanner at Withybush Hospital in Haverfordwest will replace services
currently provided at Werndale Hospital in Bancyfelin.

       It follows September's announcement of a new £8.75m accident and emergency
centre at Withybush.

       The scanner has been funded by the Welsh Assembly Government.

       MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scanners use powerful magnets and radio
waves to produce cross-section images of bones, muscles, joints, blood vessels
and nerves without using X-rays.

             This new scanner will ensure that people in Pembrokeshire can
receive scans closer to home

             Health Minister Brian Gibbons

       Withybush carries out more than 1,200 scans a year under a contract with
Compass Healthcare at Werndale Hospital which requires patients to undertake a
46-mile round trip.

       Pembrokeshire & Derwen NHS Trust said the new scanner would eliminate the
need for patients to travel outside the county for scans.

       The trust said it would provide better images for earlier diagnosis and
reduce the need for invasive surgery.

       Trust chief executive Keith Thomson said: "This new MRI facility will be a
major boost towards improving the quality of service and care offered to local
people, helping to modernise services to meet the changing needs of patients
into the next century."

       Health Minister Brian Gibbons added: "The NHS in Wales is facing the
largest-ever capital investment programme since the creation of the National
Health Service in 1948.

       "Investment levels have risen from the £110m spent in 2004-05 to £309m for
2007-08.

       "This investment is needed to help deliver our vision of a world-class
health service in Wales by 2015."



Forwarded By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
  http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/ http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science Group of
India.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

From: KutchScience Cell transplants 'restore sight'
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/6120664.stm

       Dear Docs, Medicos and friends of Science and Genetics,


             The cells connected up with other parts of the retina
       Cell transplants have successfully restored vision to mice which had lost
their sight, leading to hopes people could benefit in the same way.
       UK scientists treated animals which had eye damage similar to that seen in
many human eye diseases.

       They were able to help them see again by transplanting immature retinal
stem cells into their eyes.

       UK experts welcomed the study, published in the magazine Nature, saying it
was "stunning" research.

             This is a stunning piece of research that may in the distant future
may lead to transplants in humans to relieve blindness

             Professor Andrew Dick
             University of Bristol

       If the results can be translated into a treatment for human eye disease,
it could help the millions of people with conditions ranging from age-related
macular degeneration to diabetes.

       Once the cone and rod photoreceptors in a retina are lost, they cannot be
replaced.

       While treatments are being developed which might prevent or delay the loss
of these cells, scientists are also seeking to help those already affected.

       It is thought the retina is one of the best places to try out cell
transplant therapy because photoreceptor loss initially leaves the rest of the
wiring to the brain intact.

       But previous attempts to transplant stem cells, which can turn into any
kind of cell in the body, in the hope that they will become photoreceptors have
failed because the cells were not developed enough.

       Harvest

       In this study, funded by the Medical Research Council, scientists from the
University College London Institutes of Ophthalmology and Child Health and
Moorfields Eye Hospital transplanted cells which were more advanced, and already
programmed to develop into photoreceptors.


             1 - Early stage retinal cells are taken from a newborn mouse
             2 - They are transplanted into the retina of a mouse which has lost
its sight
             3 - The cells implant and connect with existing cells in the eye,
restoring some sight to the mouse.

       The team took cells from three to five-day-old mice, a stage when the
retina is about to be formed.

       The cells were then transplanted into animals which had been genetically
designed to have conditions which meant they would gradually lose their sight -
either mimicking the human disease retinitis pigmentosa or age-related macular
degeneration.

       The transplants were successful; the photoreceptors implanted and made
electrical connections to the animals' existing retinal nerve cells - key to
allowing them to see again.

       Tests showed that the mice's pupils responded to light and that there was
activity in the optical nerve, showing signals were being sent to the brain.

       Dr Jane Sowden, one of the study's leaders, said: "Remarkably, we found
that the mature retina, previously believed to have no capacity for repair, is
in fact able to support the development of new functional photoreceptors."

       'Not false hope'

       To get human retinal cells at the same stage of development, however,
would involve taking stem cells from a foetus during the second trimester of
pregnancy.

       But Dr Robert MacLaren, a specialist at Moorfields Eye Hospital who worked
on the research, said they did not want to go down that route.

       He said the aim now would be to look at adult stem cells to see if they
could be genetically altered to behave like the mouse retinal cells.

       There are some cells on the margin of adult retinas that have been
identified as having stem cell-like properties, which the team says could be
suitable.

       Dr MacLaren stressed it would be some time before patients could benefit
from such a treatment, but he said that at least it was now a possibility.

       "Everyday, I sit in my clinic and have to tell patients that there's
nothing I can do.

       "I don't want to give patients false hope. But at least now, if I see a
young patient, I can say that there might be something within your lifetime."

       Dr Stephen Minger, a stem cell expert at King's College London, said: "I
think this is important, superb research - it clearly shows that the host
environment is important in directing the integration of transplanted cells."

       But Andrew Dick, professor of ophthalmology at the University of Bristol,
added: "As with any basic research we have to be careful not to overhype.
However, this is a stunning piece of research that may in the distant future
lead to transplants in humans to relieve blindness."


Forwarded By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
  http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/ http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science Group of
India.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

From: KutchScience
To: drskb@... ; drsahai@... ; drprpatel@... ;
drpddoshi19@... ; drmaltigupta@... ; drdvyas@... ;
'Dr.H.L.Udeshi' ; kirti_jv ; 'Dr.M.Azim Sheth' ; 'Dr.Shashiben Vani - Ahmedabad'

Sent: Wednesday, November 08, 2006 8:35 AM
Subject: Stem cell jabs for heart patients -
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/6121868.stm

Dear Docs, Medicos and friends of Science and Genetics,

A pioneering cardiac trial is to see patients who suffer heart attacks given
injections of their own stem cells within the following five hours.
Preliminary evidence has suggested that bone marrow stem cells can be used to
repair the damage to the heat muscle inflicted during a heart attack. And that
could help prevent subsequent heart failure, which is more of a threat than the
initial attack itself. The trial, run by St Barts Hospital in London, will
involve up to 100 people. The project is the first to be funded by the UK Stem
Cell Foundation. Heart attacks kill 108,000 people in the UK each year, and
there are currently estimated to be 660,000 heart attack survivors. It is
estimated that heart attacks cost the UK economy around £7bn a year. Over the
last decade, the use of primary angioplasty, a technique to clear the blocked
arteries of patients who have had a heart attack, has helped to reduce the risk
of death in the immediate aftermath of an attack. However, the risk of death
from long-term complications, such as the onset of heart failure, remains high.



  If we can demonstrate improvement in the quality of life of patients then this
will be a significant step forward in the treatment of heart disease - Dr
Anthony Mathur

Combining techniques

The new trial, which plans to recruit 100 patients, will combine primary
angioplasty with a stem cell injection to try to combat both problems. Stem
cells are immature cells that have the potential to become any kind of tissue in
the body. Professor John Martin, who has helped design the new trial, said:
"Taking heart attack patients to centres where their blocked coronary artery can
be opened immediately has led to significant increases in survival and decreases
in the damage to heart muscle. "Previous studies in the heart have shown that
stem cell delivery to the heart is safe. "We will show whether it works in acute
heart attack. Our study combines the two new ways of treating heart attack
victims for the first time." Heart attack patients brought to the London Chest
Hospital and the Heart Hospital, also in London, for direct coronary
intervention will be recruited for the study.

Patients shouldn't get the impression there is a panacea around the corner  -
Professor Peter Weissberg

Few complications

Following primary angioplasty, a stem cell sample will be taken from the
patient's own bone marrow. Once the cells have been prepared, patients will
receive the sample into the previously blocked artery. Dr Anthony Mathur, who
will also play a key role, said: "If we can demonstrate improvement in the
quality of life of patients then this will be a significant step forward in the
treatment of heart disease. "Because the stem cells are taken from the patient
themselves there are minimal ethical issues surrounding this procedure. There is
also less likelihood of rejection complications." Professor Peter Weissberg,
medical director of the British Heart Foundation, said stem cell therapy had the
potential to offer new hope to patients with cardiovascular disease. But he
added: "This trial is unlikely, on its own, to determine the future treatment of
heart attacks - and patients shouldn't get the impression there is a panacea
around the corner. "The trial is likely to give us more information - but there
is a long way to go."




Forwarded By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
  http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/ http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

From: KutchScience

Sent: Tuesday, November 07, 2006 7:16 PM
Subject: HIV gene therapy 'shows promise'
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/6120042.stm


Dear Docs, Medicos and friends of Science and Genetics,

HIV gene therapy 'shows promise'  http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/6120042.stm
   Gene therapy is complex and would be a totally different strategy for HIV
treatment -Roger Pebody Terrence Higgins Trust
HIV attacks immune cells

Preliminary tests suggest HIV infection can be treated using a disabled version
of the virus itself.
University of Pennsylvania researchers treated five patients, who had not
responded to drugs, with disabled HIV. It carried added genetic material that
blocks HIV reproduction and as a result HIV levels in the patients' blood either
stabilised or decreased. The research raises the prospect that gene therapy
might provide an alternative to antiretroviral drugs. The long-term
effectiveness of the drugs is under threat from the growing problem of drug
resistance. Researcher Dr Carl June said: "Gene therapy has long been discussed
as an alternative treatment for HIV. "The goal of this trial was safety and
feasibility and the results established that. "But the results also hint at
something much more." The patients selected for the trial had failed to respond
to at least two antiretroviral regimens of drugs.

Own cells

They were given a single infusion of their own immune system T cells that had
been removed from their blood, purified and genetically modified to carry the
manipulated version of HIV. Each patient received around 10 billion T cells -
between 2% and 10% of the total number in an average person. The disabled HIV
gene used by the researchers was modified to carry an antisense RNA molecule,
which scrambles the process of reading genetic information and is designed to
sabotage the process HIV uses to reproduce itself inside infected cells. Viral
loads of the patients remained stable or decreased during the nine month trial -
and one subject showed a sustained dramatic decrease in viral load. T-cell
counts remained steady or increased in four of the five patients. The
researchers were able to detect the modified cells in patients for months, and
in some cases years after the infusion. However, they warn that the trial was
very small, and said patients would be monitored for 15 years to assess
long-term effects.

Dr Bruce Levine, who also worked on the study - published online in Proceedings
of the National Academy of Science - said: "Just because this has produced
encouraging results in one or two patients doesn't mean it will work for
everyone. We have much more work to do." Dr George Schmid, a specialist in HIV
at the World Health Organization, said it could take many years to determine
whether the technique was safe and effective, but he said the results were
"encouraging". Roger Pebody, of the charity Terrence Higgins Trust, said: "Gene
therapy is complex and would be a totally different strategy for HIV treatment.
"Although in its early stages, this research seems to indicate that this
approach may be safe and the results are hopeful." Edwin Bernard, editor of the
journal Aids Treatment Update, said gene therapy was likely to be a
labour-intensive, expensive treatment designed for individuals, and so not
available to the vast majority of people with HIV/Aids who live in developing
countries. He said new drug treatments currently under development might provide
an alternative.

Wider applications

It is hoped the approach could be adapted to tackle other diseases. The
researchers believe the use of viruses like HIV, lentiviruses, may prove
particularly effective in gene therapy. Lentiviruses are especially effective at
infecting T cells, and also infect non-dividing or slowly dividing cells,
raising the prospect that they could be used to target neurons or stem cells.
They also insert themselves into the DNA of cells in such a way that may make
them safer and able to produce more long-term effects than other potential gene
therapy vectors, such as adenoviruses. The researchers are now recruiting for a
second trial of the treatment - dubbed VRX496. This time it will be tested on
patients whose HIV load is already well controlled by existing drugs. The hope
is that these patients will be able to stay off their antiretroviral drugs,
which do have significant side effects, for an extended period.

Forwarded By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
  http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/ http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Dear Docs, Medicos and friends of Science and Genetics,

Plan to create human-cow embryos http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/6121280.stm

  You may begin to undermine the whole distinction between humans animals and
humans - Calum MacKellar
Why create chimeras?

UK scientists have applied for permission to create embryos by fusing human DNA
with cow eggs. Researchers from Newcastle University and Kings College, London,
have asked the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority for a three-year
licence. The hybrid human-bovine embryos would be used for stem cell research
and would not be allowed to develop for more than a few days. But critics say it
is unethical and potentially dangerous. Liberal Democrat MP Dr Evan Harris - a
member of the Commons Science and Technology Select Committee - said: "If human
benefit can be derived by perfecting therapeutic cloning techniques or from
research into subsequently-derived stem cells, then it would actually be immoral
to prevent it just because of a 'yuck' factor." Stem cell research is one of the
most promising areas of medical science. It is this ability which scientists
want to harness to treat diseases such as Parkinson's Disease, strokes and
Alzheimer's Disease. To do that, they need to have access to thousands of
embryos for research.
Short supply

The problem is that human eggs for research are in short supply and to obtain
them women have to undergo surgery. That is why scientists want to use cows'
eggs as a substitute. They would insert human DNA into a cow's egg which has had
its genetic material removed, and then create an embryo by the same technique
that produced Dolly the Sheep. The resulting embryo would be 99.9% human; the
only bovine element would be DNA outside the nucleus of the cell. It would,
though, technically be a chimera - a mixing of two distinct species into one.
The aim would be to extract stem cells from the embryo when it is six days old,
before destroying it.


  If human benefit can be derived by perfecting therapeutic cloning techniques or
from research into subsequently-derived stem cells, then it would actually be
immoral to prevent it just because of a 'yuck' factor  - Dr Evan Harris
The quality and the viability of stem cells would then be checked to see if the
technique had worked. The scientists also plan to examine the way the cells are
reprogrammed after fusion to see if there are useful processes they could
replicate in the laboratory. Lead researcher Dr Lyle Armstrong said: "If we can
learn from the egg cell how to make embryonic stem cells without having to use
an animal egg at all then some day we may be able to cure diseases such as
Parkinson's disease, or better still some of the age-related diseases which are
creating such a burden on society." Dr Stephen Minger, from King's College
London, said: "The current state of the technology is such that literally
hundreds of human ooctyes (eggs) from young women will be required to generate a
single human embryonic stem cell line. "Therefore we consider it more
appropriate to use non-human oocytes from livestock as a surrogate. "We feel
that the development of disease-specific human embryonic stem cell lines from
individuals suffering from genetic forms of neurodegenerative disorders will
stimulate both basic research and the development of new medicines to treat
these horrific brain diseases."

'Undermining humanity'

Professor Robin Lovell-Badge, head of developmental genetics, National Institute
for Medical Research, said: "This is a very rational step: to learn what you can
using animal eggs, which are readily obtainable, before moving on to valuable
human eggs when or if this becomes necessary."

HAVE YOUR SAY
  What are diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's if they are not
undermining human dignity? - Paul Kemp, Munich
Send us your views
But some will argue the end does not justify the means. Calum MacKellar, from
the Scottish Council on Human Bioethics, said the research undermined the
distinction between animals and humans. He said: "In the history of humankind,
animals and human species have been separated. "In this kind of procedure, you
are mixing at a very intimate level animal eggs and human chromosomes, and you
may begin to undermine the whole distinction between humans and animals. "If
that happens, it might also undermine human dignity and human rights."


Forwarded By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
  http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/ http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

'Dear friends of science and ASTRONOMY,

       2006 Transit of Mercury will not be visible in India except most eastern
states of INDIA.





       2006: Mark your calendar: On Wednesday, Nov 8th, the planet Mercury will
pass directly in front the Sun. The transit begins at 2:12 pm EST (11:12 am PST)
and lasts for almost five hours. Good views can be had from the Americas,
Hawaii, Australia and all along the Pacific Rim: visibility map.

       What will it look like? A picture is worth a thousand words:


       Image credit: Larry Koehn. Click to view the Sun's full disk.

       During the transit, Mercury's tiny disk-jet black and perfectly round-will
glide slowly across the face of the Sun. Only a speck of the Sun's surface is
actually covered, so the Sun remains as dangerous as ever to look at. But with a
proper filter and a little imagination, the Transit of Mercury can be a
marvelous experience.

       There are many ways to safely observe the Sun, e.g., through eclipse
glasses or by means of a pinhole projector. In this case, nothing beats a
telescope equipped with a sun-safe H-alpha filter. H-alpha filters are narrowly
tuned to the red glow of solar hydrogen. They reveal the Sun as a boiling
inferno, cross-crossed by dark magnetic filaments and peppered with sunspots.
Warning: The sight of Mercury navigating this starscape could be mind blowing.

       Teachers, call your local astronomy club and ask if they have such a solar
telescope. Amateur astronomers love to show off the heavens, and someone will
probably volunteer to bring their 'scope to your classroom for the transit. (You
can also view the transit online at the SOHO web site--no telescope required.)

       Right: Mercury, photographed by Mariner 10. [More]

       Here's something to think about while watching the transit: Mercury is
fantastically mysterious. More than half of the planet is unknown to us. When
Mariner 10 flew by in the mid-70s, it managed to photograph only 45% of
Mercury's cratered surface. What lies on the other side? More craters? Or
something totally unexpected? You're free to speculate, because the next
spacecraft to visit Mercury, NASA's MESSENGER probe, won't enter orbit until
2011.

       One of Mercury's greatest secrets is the mystery-material at its poles.
Radars on Earth have pinged Mercury and received a strong echo from polar
craters. A favorite explanation is ice. While Mercury's daylit surface heats up
to 400o C, the temperature in deep, dark polar craters dips below -200o C. If an
icy comet landed in one of those craters (or made one of those craters), the
comet's ices, vaporized by impact, might re-freeze and stick around. As skeptics
like to say, however, "it's just a theory," one of many that MESSENGER will
check.

       Another puzzle is Mercury's wrinkles. Geologists call them "lobate
scarps." Like wrinkles on a raisin, the scarps are thought to be a sign of
shrinkage. Mercury may actually be collapsing in on itself as its massive iron
core cools and contracts. To check this idea, MESSENGER will map Mercury's
magnetic field, which springs from the core. If the core is collapsing, the
collapse may leave telltale signs in the planet's magnetism. MESSENGER will also
look for lobate scarps on the uncharted side of Mercury to see if this is truly
a global phenomenon.

       The answers are years away. Meanwhile, we watch and wonder, and Nov. 8th
is a good day for that.



Forwarded By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
  http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/ http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
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http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Curry spice 'help for arthritis'  http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/6090460.stm

Dear Docs, Medicos and Friends of science

Turmeric adds flavour and colour to curries and other foods

Every thing slowly slowly is coming back to oldies goldies and back to the
Nature.

Extract of a spice used in curry could help prevent rheumatoid arthritis and
osteoporosis, US research suggests. Turmeric has been used for centuries in
Asian medicine to treat inflammatory disorders and its extract can be found in
western dietary supplements. Now lab work by University of Arizona researchers,
in Arthritis & Rheumatism, shows just how the spice's curcuminoid extracts have
a therapeutic effect. Experts say new drugs may be found, but eating more spices
is unlikely to work. The researchers said clinical trials were needed before
turmeric supplements could be recommended for medicinal use.
Turmeric extract

Earlier work by the University of Arizona team showed turmeric could prevent
joint inflammation in rats. In their latest study, they set out to find exactly
what ingredient in turmeric was having the anti-inflammatory effect. They
prepared extracts from the rhizome, or root of the turmeric plant, and compared
them against the commercially available products that contain turmeric extracts.


  Results of tests in animal models of arthritis are not always reproduced in
human rheumatoid arthritis.
Dr Ann Barton, Manchester University
A version of turmeric extract that was free of essential oils was found to most
closely match the composition of the commercial supplements. And it was this
extract, containing curcumin, that was most effective at blocking the onset of
rheumatoid arthritis in the rats. The extract appears to work by preventing a
protein that controls when genes are switched on or off from being activated in
the joint. Once the protein known as NF-KB is activated, it binds to genes and
increases the production of inflammatory proteins, which attack the joints. Dr
Janet Funk and her colleagues believe their findings also suggest turmeric
extract could treat other inflammatory disorders, including asthma, multiple
sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease. The extract also blocked a pathway in
the body linked to bone loss, suggesting it could treat osteoporosis as well.

Future work

Professor Robert Moots, professor of rheumatology at Liverpool University and
spokesman for the Arthritis Research Campaign, said people with arthritis will
have to wait to see if the study results in new treatments. "It will come as no
surprise if naturally occurring compounds have a drug-like effect," he said. "I
do not think there is any evidence that countries that eat a lot of turmeric
have a lower frequency of rheumatoid arthritis. So simply eating more spices is
not likely to be effective clinically.

"What is more likely is these results will lead to the targeted development of
new compounds." Dr Anne Barton, senior lecturer and honorary consultant
rheumatologist at the University of Manchester said: "The findings are
interesting but should be interpreted with some caution at this stage. "Results
of tests in animal models of arthritis are not always reproduced in human
rheumatoid arthritis. "As the authors point out though, there are a number of
successful drug therapies that have been developed from plants."



Forwarded By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
  http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/ http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
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Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Dear Docs, Medicos and Friends of science
Heavy mobile use 'damages sperm'  http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/6079782.stm 
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/3681938.stm

Heavy use of mobile phones may damage men's fertility, a study has suggested.
Researchers found those men who used a phone for four hours or more a day had
fewer sperm and those they had moved less well and were of poorer quality. The
Ohio study involving 364 men was presented to the American Society for
Reproductive Medicine in New Orleans. But a UK expert said it was unlikely the
phones were to blame, as they were in use and not near the testes, and it may be
being sedentary was the cause. The team from the Cleveland Clinic Foundation in
Ohio tested the sperm of 364 men who were being treated at fertility clinics in
Mumbai, India, with their partners. It was found that the heaviest users, those
who used their phones for more than four hours a day had the lowest average
sperm counts, at 50 million per millilitre (ml) and the least healthy sperm. Men
who used their phones for between two and four hours a day averaged sperm counts
of 69 million per ml and had moderately healthy sperm. Those who said they did
not use mobile phones at all had the highest average sperm counts, of 86 million
per ml, and their sperm was of the highest quality seen.

'Used without thinking twice'

Dr Ashok Agarwal, who led the research, told the New Orleans conference the
study did not prove mobiles damaged fertility, but said it showed more research
was warranted. "There was a significant decrease in the most important measures
of sperm health and that should definitely be reflected in a decrease in
fertility, which is seen worldwide. "People use mobile phones without thinking
twice what the consequences might be. "It is just like using a toothbrush, but
mobiles could be having a devastating effect on fertility. "It still has to be
proved, but it could be having a huge impact because mobiles are so much part of
lives." He suggested radiation from mobile phones might harm sperm by damaging
DNA, affecting the cells in the testes which produce testosterone or the tubes
where sperm is produced. But a British expert cast doubt on the suggested link
between mobile phone use and infertility in the men studied. Dr Allan Pacey,
senior lecturer in andrology at the University of Sheffield, said: "This is a
good study, but I don't think it tackles the issue. "If you're using your phone
for four hours a day, presumably it is out of your pocket for longer. "That
raises a big question: how is it that testicular damage is supposed to occur?"

Dr Pacey, who is honorary secretary of the British Fertility Society, added: "If
you are holding it up to your head to speak a lot, it makes no sense that it is
having a direct effect on your testes." He added that people who use phones for
longer might be more sedentary, more stressed or eat more junk food, which might
be more likely explanations for the link found in the study.


Forwarded By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
  http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/ http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Hello,

This email message is a notification to let you know that
a file has been uploaded to the Files area of the scienceclubofindia
group.

   File        : /LunaCRATERsPrimaryReport.pdf
   Uploaded by : kutchscience
   Description : Primary report of ONE of the Meteor Drater of LUNA in the RANN
of KUTCH

You can access this file at the URL

http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia/files/LunaCRATERsPrimaryRepo\
rt.pdf

To learn more about file sharing for your group, please visit

http://help.yahoo.com/help/in/groups/files

Regards,

kutchscience

Dear friends of Science, Astronomy, Geology, Archaeology, and History ,

At last TRUTH CAME OUT and all the doubts raised are cleared to prove the
history was correct and theories presented were not wrong as many doubted.(
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchScience/message/346 &
http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/VEDicScienceMaths/message/107 )

Geologists discover 'impact' crater in Rann of Kutch
http://www.navhindtimes.com/articles.php?Story_ID=102452
PTI


New Delhi, Oct 23: Indian geologists claim to have discovered a possible impact
crater in Kutch district of Gujarat dating back to the Vedic period.The crater,
suspected to have been formed by the impact of an extra-terrestrial object, is
seen as a circular feature near Luna village in the northwestern Banni Plains of
the Great Rann in Kutch district.The site -- the third in the country after
Lonar in Maharashtra and Ramgarh in Rajasthan -- is located about a kilometre
away from a human settlement belonging to the Harappan period and may have found
reference in ancient Sanskrit texts, which mention the "impact of a burning
extraterrestrial object" in western India some 4,000-5,000 years ago.

"While most other recognised craters are located within hard rocks, this
possible impact crater has special significance as it is located within an
extremely low-lying flat terrain comprising unconsolidated soft sediments, and
its appearance is unconventional and deceptive," geologists Mr R V Karanth and
Mr M S Gadhavi of the M S University of Baroda said reporting their discovery in
`Current Science', a magazine published by the Current Science Association and
the Indian Academy of Sciences.The geologists, along with Mr P S Thakker of the
Space Applications Centre, surveyed the crater and found a dense growth of a
variety of Acacia plant species in the inner part of the rim. Villagers claim
the growth of the wild thorny plants was a recent phenomenon, about three or
four decades old.

The circular crater measures 1.2 km east-west and 1.2 km north-south and forms a
shallow depression filled with sediments and the lowest point of which is hardly
two metres above the mean sea level, they said.Several lumps of dark and heavy
objects -- irregular in shape and having spherical cavities -- recovered from
the rim crater's rim were strongly attracted to hand magnets, the researchers
said.The objects, after a petrographic study, were classified into three
categories viz -- completely dark and opaque, completely transparent and
isotropic and those obtained from areas comprising both dark-opaque and
transparent-isotropic materials.Under a microscope, polished dark-opaque
(category-I) samples exhibit thin shimmering lines that apparently resemble
"Neumann lines" commonly observed in iron-nickel meteorites, they said and
called for an "appropriate" analysis of the samples.

The transparent and isotropic samples can be compared to "tektites" formed on
account of melting and immediate solidification into glass of the material of
the impact site due to enormous heat generated, Mr Karanth said.After finding
meteorite-like objects and suspected "tektites", the researchers are now
planning to launch a search for high-pressure minerals.They have called for a
detailed study of the site, including references to it in ancient Sanskrit texts
to ascertain whether the crater led to the wiping out of the Harappan
civilisation, which flourished between 3000 BC and 1500 BC.The findings reported
by Mr Karanth, Mr Thakker and Mr Gadhavi are preliminary and detailed study of
the samples recovered from the crater rim is in progress.

Forwarded By YOUR Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation". kutchscience@...
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/
http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

From: Kutch Science Foundation

Sent: Monday, October 23, 2006
Subject: Gadh Of Guntali and its civilisation 2500BC


Dear friends of Science, Astronomy, Archaeology, and History ,

Guntali Gadh is situated near Deshalpar Village of Nakhatrana. Guntali Gadh area
is surrounded by the river channel and river area. had a nice views of the area
of the Gadh (Zarukha Bari - windows of the GADH) but the recent earthquake has
destroyed all those ancient structures and we can see only ruins of the area and
need to make a search for the every aspect of the history if we wish to see the
proofs of those history of the Place. Deshalpar village is established nearby
the actual OLD Deshalpar (Guntali) Village which is on the river bank area north
of the present village. Though the area has been encroached by other means
before few centuries ago, but still the evidence of old settlements are seen and
ancient potteries found in the area is dating back to 2000BC - 2500BC.

History: At the end of the seventh century the Arabs conquered Sindh. Samma
Rajputs of the hindu clan settled in Kutch. Some of the chiefs also settled in
Sindh and were allowed by the Arabs to be independent rulers there. In the early
ninth century the chief of that clan was Lakho Ghuraro, who had two wives.

After the death of Lakho Ghuraro his eldest son Unnad succeeded, but Unnad's
step brother Mod and Manai plotted against him and killed him. Later on Mod and
Manai conspired to kill their uncle Vagam Chavda and declared themselves the
kings of the area. That time Patgadh was under the rule of seven brothers of the
Sandh tribe "Seven Sandhs", who threatened to avenge the murder of Vagam. Later
on Mod and Manai killed the seven sandhs and became the masters of the city and
of its dependant territories.

Presently under Excavation Guntaligadh was an Ancient Port - Desalpur \ Guntali
gadh LATITUDE 23o27'N LONGITUDE 69o10'E is under Excavation located on the bank
of the Great Rann or the Little Rann of Kachchha, which were once a part of the
sea, are examples of such ports. Thus, remote sensing data shows that most of
the places mentioned in literature which are believed to be the ports were
indeed ports in the past. Thus it is possible to find out or confirm the
location of old riverine ports or seaports using satellite data.

Visiting the area of Old Guntali Gadh area (Picture section 1-Top Left :Gadh Of
Guntali ) is very interesting. Not only for the history of the Guntali Mata and
the History of Manai and Mods and the revenge of those as explained in the
History of the last millennium. But also for the Megalithic Samadhi Culture of
the area which was followed since before and going back to the 2500BC. (Picture
section 2 -Top Middle: Megalithic Culture) and also we can find plenty of the
ancient black and red coloured potteries of that time.

As History of the Mods and Manais, they were attacked and killed when they were
praying in the Shiva temple just out side of the GADH area which was covered by
the water canal around the GADH area. Area of the underground Foundation stones
of that Old Shiva temple was found nearby and in the front of the Gadh. (Picture
section 4 Middle Left: Old Shiva Temple Foundation). we also traced the place of
the ancient Shiva Ling was buried underground which is showing the channel of
water of NAMAN of Shiva Ling Abhishek. (Picture section 5 Middle Right: Old
Shiva Ling Placed). Which was then dig out from the place where it was buried
underground and placed nearby with a STHAPAN VIDHI by making a stone walls
around to form a stone temple area as in (Picture section 7 Lower Right: Old
Shiva Re-Placed here). seven MANAYI brothers were killed here by Mod brothers
and their seven Padiyas are preserved there in the area near by the Shiva temple
place where they were killed while praying the Shiva in that temple. (Picture
section 3 Top Right: Manai Padiya & 6 Lower Left: Manai Padiya Carvings)



There are five civilisation places Near by the area around the Guntali Gadh. 1)
Deshalpar Guntali just few kilometers North of Guntali Gadh on the road to
ancient port of LUNA in RANN of Kutch, 2) Todiya is on the off road of the High
way of Lakhpat. 3) JATAWIRA is place in the hill area of north of Nakhatrana and
west of the Guntali Deshalpar. 4) Sukhpar  (Aral wadi) in Nakhatrana Aral area
is North of Nakhatrana on the road of Dhirnodhar going to the Chari Dhandh area
to the north in the Rann area of the kutch. 5) Kotada BHADLI nearby the
LAKHIYAVIRA is west of Nakhatrana and the Dhirnodhar. Tropical of cancer passes
in the foot hills (Dharmashala) of the Dhirnodhar Hills and crosses all this
areas of ancient civlisations around this area. that's the reason why this area
has all these ancient civilisation establishments. That is the real scientific
and astronomical reason of the area having the ancient civilisation clustered in
this area. As from this area from where the tropics of cancer passes gives the
clues of geographical positions where Astronomy study and measurement starts.
and that's the reason why Kutch have more than hundred of Ancient Saraswati
civilisation are situated and most ancient civilisation in the world start from
HERE in the KUTCH. MARUDA (+15000 BC) is even older than DHOLAVIRA which is
+3500BC.  The MARUDA TOAKAR, most ancient port of Gujarat is the Most ancient
PORT and civilisation in the world and is in the RANN of the KUTCH and in the
past it was surrounded by the waters of Saraswati rivers but now in the middle
of the salt of the present RANN of the KUTCH.

       1 Desalpur \ Guntali gadh 23o27'N 69o10'E Nakhatrana Kachchha Excavation



For an Enlarged views of the separate areas and section do send a request mail
to kutchscience@...

1)Top Left :Gadh Of Guntali 2)Top Middle: Megalithic Culture 3)Top Right: Manai
Padiya

4 Middle Left: Old Shiva Temple Foundation - 5 Middle Right: Old Shiva Ling
Placed.
6)Lower Left: Manai Padiya Carvings 7)Lower Right: Old Shiva Re-Placed here.

From YOUR Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation". kutchscience@...
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/
http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
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http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science Groups of India.





[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

kutchscience@....
Subject: 2006 Transit of Mercury


Mark your calendar: On Wednesday, Nov 8th, the planet Mercury will pass directly
in front the Sun.

FULL STORY at 
http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2006/20oct_transitofmercury.htm?list17942

October 20, 2006: Mark your calendar: On Wednesday, Nov 8th, the planet Mercury
will pass directly in front the Sun. The transit begins at 2:12 pm EST (11:12 am
PST) and lasts for almost five hours. Good views can be had from the Americas,
Hawaii, Australia and all along the Pacific Rim: visibility map.

What will it look like? A picture is worth a thousand words:




During the transit, Mercury's tiny disk-jet black and perfectly round-will glide
slowly across the face of the Sun. Only a speck of the Sun's surface is actually
covered, so the Sun remains as dangerous as ever to look at. But with a proper
filter and a little imagination, the Transit of Mercury can be a marvelous
experience.

There are many ways to safely observe the Sun, e.g., through eclipse glasses or
by means of a pinhole projector. In this case, nothing beats a telescope
equipped with a sun-safe H-alpha filter. H-alpha filters are narrowly tuned to
the red glow of solar hydrogen. They reveal the Sun as a boiling inferno,
cross-crossed by dark magnetic filaments and peppered with sunspots. Warning:
The sight of Mercury navigating this starscape could be mind blowing.

Teachers, call your local astronomy club and ask if they have such a solar
telescope. Amateur astronomers love to show off the heavens, and someone will
probably volunteer to bring their 'scope to your classroom for the transit. (You
can also view the transit online at the SOHO web site--no telescope required.)

Right: Mercury, photographed by Mariner 10. [More]

Here's something to think about while watching the transit: Mercury is
fantastically mysterious. More than half of the planet is unknown to us. When
Mariner 10 flew by in the mid-70s, it managed to photograph only 45% of
Mercury's cratered surface. What lies on the other side? More craters? Or
something totally unexpected? You're free to speculate, because the next
spacecraft to visit Mercury, NASA's MESSENGER probe, won't enter orbit until
2011.

One of Mercury's greatest secrets is the mystery-material at its poles. Radars
on Earth have pinged Mercury and received a strong echo from polar craters. A
favorite explanation is ice. While Mercury's daylit surface heats up to 400o C,
the temperature in deep, dark polar craters dips below -200o C. If an icy comet
landed in one of those craters (or made one of those craters), the comet's ices,
vaporized by impact, might re-freeze and stick around. As skeptics like to say,
however, "it's just a theory," one of many that MESSENGER will check.

Another puzzle is Mercury's wrinkles. Geologists call them "lobate scarps." Like
wrinkles on a raisin, the scarps are thought to be a sign of shrinkage. Mercury
may actually be collapsing in on itself as its massive iron core cools and
contracts. To check this idea, MESSENGER will map Mercury's magnetic field,
which springs from the core. If the core is collapsing, the collapse may leave
telltale signs in the planet's magnetism. MESSENGER will also look for lobate
scarps on the uncharted side of Mercury to see if this is truly a global
phenomenon.

The answers are years away. Meanwhile, we watch and wonder, and Nov. 8th is a
good day for that.

Forwarded By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
  http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/ http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
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http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

From: Kutch Science Foundation KutchScience  SAT, SUN & Monday October 21, 22 &
23 2006
Sent: Friday, October 20, 2006 10:51 AM


          Wish you all A very happy Diwali and a very prosperous New year



From Yours : Dr. BHUDIA and Parivaar - Science Group Of INDIA.

kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,

President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder President:"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/

http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/

http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience

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Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science Group of India
& kutch science foundation and ALSO JOIN US.



[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Dear Docs, Medicos and Friends of science
Parkinson's therapy trial success http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/6059568.stm


Parkinson's is a degenerative condition that effects the brain

Gene therapy has been shown to have "significant" clinical benefits for people
with Parkinson's disease, according to a study.
The small-scale trial showed the 12 patients' symptoms improved by up to 65%
after a year, with no ill effects. The trial was carried out by biotech company
Neurologix Inc, based in the United States. Steve Ford, chief executive of the
Parkinson's Disease Society, described the results as "encouraging". The trials
are the first attempt at using this particular approach to tackle Parkinson's.
The new therapy uses a harmless virus to carry a gene called GAD directly into
neurons in a region of the brain called the subthalamic nucleus (STN). It
produces a molecule called GABA, which is normally released by nerve cells to
inhibit or dampen activity so that the tremors and other symptoms are reduced.
After a year of the trial, all the patients demonstrated a clinical improvement
of at least 25%, judged according to a clinically recognised measure. Nine
patients showed an average improvement of 37%, and five of these demonstrated
substantial recovery of between 40% and 65%. Dr Matthew During, who led the
trial, said: "This gene therapy trial is particularly unique and the clinical
data unusually promising because the treatment was confined to just one side of
the brain."
Incurable disease

Mr Ford also said the Parkinson's Disease Society was interested in the results.
"This type of therapy is still at an early stage of development and the phase 1
trial is encouraging in terms of both safety and effectiveness," he said. "We
look forward to further research being undertaken in this area in the future."
About 120,000 people in the UK have Parkinson's, which causes rigidity and
uncontrollable tremors. Currently incurable, it has to be controlled with drugs
- but this becomes more difficult as the disease progresses. People with
Parkinson's experience insufficient activity from a brain signalling molecule
called dopamine. They either have too few neurons releasing dopamine, or not
enough of the receptors that it stimulates. Because of this imbalance, the STN
becomes highly overactive, which results in Parkinson's symptoms.


Forwarded By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
  http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/ http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Dear Docs, Medicos and Friends of science

Faster TB test 'could save lives'  http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/6037053.stm

A faster, more accurate tuberculosis test has been developed by scientists. The
microscopic-observation drug-susceptibility (MODS) test is also cheaper and more
sensitive to drug resistant strains than current tests. It yields results in an
average of seven days, and could help save many lives, particularly in
developing countries - where TB is rife. Details of the test, developed by UK,
US and Peruvian researchers, feature in the New England Journal of
Medicine.Existing TB tests do not always detect bacteria


The researchers hope it will lead to faster treatment for many people, reducing
the severity of their symptoms, and the chances they will infect others. It is
thought that more than two million people die each year from TB. The common
strain is almost 100% treatable, but multi-drug resistant strains are becoming
an increasing problem. At present, the World Health Organization recommends the
sputum smear microscopy test, which analyses the material expelled from the
lungs by a deep cough. However, the test, although fast, is not accurate in
around 50% of cases, and it can take up to six weeks to culture the sample,
confirm the results and determine whether it is resistant to drugs - these
detailed checks are only rarely available in the developing world. The MODS test
allows doctors to diagnose TB twice as quickly as previous gold-standard culture
tests and to identify multi-drug resistance in a third of the time. In tests on
nearly 4,000 sputum samples MODS identified TB with 97.8% accuracy -
significantly out-performing the current tests.

Faster growth

MODS works by culturing the TB organism in a liquid, rather than the traditional
solid substance. This enables it to grow more rapidly, and for scientists to
detect its characteristic pattern of tangles or coils under a microscope
relatively easily. The liquid media also means TB drugs can be more easily
administered for testing: if the bacteria grow in the presence of these drugs,
this indicates resistance. The researchers said the new test could dramatically
help those who have contracted multi-drug resistant TB (MDRTB), and had been
shown to be highly effective where cases of TB were combined with HIV infection.
Researcher Dr David Moore said: "In one study in Lima, half of HIV patients with
MDRTB were dead within two months of commencing TB treatment, the minimum time
to get results from standard tests in Peru or indeed almost anywhere in the
developing world. "Their MDRTB had gone undetected and so they had received the
wrong treatment. "A correct diagnosis at the start of treatment would have
improved many of their outcomes." Professor Peter Davies, secretary of the group
TB Alert, said: "This is a very exciting development, which offers the best hope
of a quick diagnosis for the 50% of people in the developing world who are not
detected by the current test."



Forwarded By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
  http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/ http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

'Dear friends of science and ASTRONOMY,

Bulge' yields new planet class http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/5407038.stm

Astronomers have discovered a new class of planets that take less than a day to
whiz round their parent stars. Observations with the Hubble Space Telescope
revealed the existence of the planets, which orbit closer to their stars than
any previously known. Dr Kailash Sahu and colleagues report finding the planets
in a faint, crowded star field in a region of the Milky Way known as the
galactic bulge. The team has published its findings in the scientific journal
Nature. It uncovered the existence of 16 planets in the category of close
orbiters, taking between 0.4 and 3.2 days to go around their respective stars.
Many of the planets are the size of Jupiter, the largest planet in our Solar
System. Two of the 16 have orbits of less than a day, creating a new category of
"ultra-short" orbit exoplanets. In addition, these worlds generally orbit stars
that are somewhat lighter than the typical stars where extrasolar planets have
been found before.
'Wobble' effect

Dr Sahu, from the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, US, and
colleagues searched for the characteristic dips in a star's luminosity that
occur as it is temporarily blocked by an orbiting planet. They carried out
back-up, confirmation measurements using the "wobble" method, in which they
looked for a telltale oscillation, or wobble, in the light coming from a star as
it is tugged by the gravitational attraction of a planet. The researchers say
that any planets that orbited at such a close distance to brighter, hotter stars
would be destroyed by solar radiation. Astronomers have spotted 202 extrasolar
planets since the first was spotted in October 1995.

  Planets suggest 'other Earths'

Nasa scientists have suggested it will not be long before the first Earth like
planets are discovered. 6 Oct 2006

  Hubble reveals new planets

Nasa's Hubble Space Telescope has discovered 16 "planet candidates" orbiting a
variety of distant stars.4 Oct 2006


Forwarded By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
  http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/ http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Dear friends of  Science, birding, wildlife and nature,

Recently good rain in Kutch area and plenty of water filled lakes and zeel lake
of LUNA has invisted many birds and nesting in the trees around the zeel lake.
Luna zeel is one of the top ten dirding site of the Country. recently there has
been thousands of bird nesting around the zeel area and including rare bird
Glossy IBIS "KALA KANRA" nesting is seen now a days including Spoon bills,
Egrets (long featherd),  white Ibises (white KAKANSAR), cattle egrets and
caspian Terns.
The main sighting were Macqueen's bustard near bhirindiyari in Great Rann of
Kutch, and Grey Hypocolius near fulay, and lots of raptors in
chari dhandh area.

List of Birding in Chari-Fulay-Bhirindiyara-of  kutch district.
Black-headed Ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus
Spotted Dove Streptopelia chinensis
Laughing Dove Streptopelia senegalensis
Indian Roller Coracias benghalensis
Green Bee-eater Merops orientalis
Hoopoe Upupa epops
Oriental Honey-buzzard Pernis ptilorhynchus
Black-shouldered Kite Elanus caeruleus
White-eyed Buzzard Butastur teesa
Steppe Eagle Aquila nipalensis
Eurasian Kestrel Falco tinnunculus
Gray Francolin Francolinus pondicerianus
Macqueen's Bustard Chlamydotis macqueenii
Ashy-crowned Sparrow-Lark Eremopterix grisea
Rufous-tailed Lark Ammomanes phoenicurus
Greater Short-toed Lark Calandrella brachydactyla
Crested Lark Galerida cristata
Tawny Lark Galerida deva
Ashy Prinia Prinia socialis
Black Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus
White-throated Munia Lonchura malabarica
Wire-tailed Swallow Hirundo smithii
Red-rumped Swallow Hirundo daurica
Southern Gray Shrike Lanius meridionalis
Indian Robin Saxicoloides fulicata
Variable Wheatear Oenanthe picata
Pied Wheatear Oenanthe pleschanka
Desert Wheatear Oenanthe deserti
Isabelline Wheatear Oenanthe isabellina
House Sparrow Passer domesticus
Hypocolius Hypocolius ampelinus
White-cheeked Bulbul Pycnonotus leucogenys
Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer
Bank Myna Acridotheres ginginianus
Brahminy Starling Temenuchus pagodarum
Rosy Starling Pastor roseus
Booted Warbler Hippolais caligata
Lesser Whitethroat Sylvia curruca
Common Babbler Turdoides caudatus
Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse Pterocles exustus

FROM YOURS Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj

Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science Groups of India.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Dear friends of Science Genetics and Forensics,

DNA Digital Detectives. New DNA test to solve more cases 
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/5404402.stm

Tens of thousands of unsolved crimes could be cracked with a new forensic
technique, it has been claimed.
The Forensic Science Service (FSS) is piloting a computer-based analysis system
which can interpret previously unintelligible DNA samples. It claims the
technique is a world first which will boost its crime detection rates by more
than 15%. The method is being tested by the West Yorkshire, South Yorkshire,
Northumbria and Humberside police forces. It allows scientists to pinpoint DNA
samples when more than one individual has touched a surface, where only small
amounts of DNA have been left behind or only poor quality material was found.
FFS DNA manager Paul Hackett told BBC News the pilot scheme "aims to show how we
can deploy that and put that in the police hands so that they can use it
effectively. "This particular technique is based on the foundations of existing
DNA profiling technology so the laboratory-based techniques are exactly the same
as we have used over the last 10 years, so that's very robust, very well
established.


Impact of DNA on crime detection
"This application is a piece of software, along with a forensic scientist, that
can help us interpret previously complex, mixed DNA profiles that the forensic
scientist really couldn't interpret."

'Cold cases'

FSS scientists believe the technique, called DNAboost, could be the key to
countless "cold cases" which have lain dormant in police files. Mr Hackett said
the system could potentially have an impact on both "cold cases" and future
trials. "The beauty of this technology is it's both retrospective and we can
apply it on future cases," he said "So the technique it's best applied to was
introduced a decade ago - the Forensic Science Service has tested over
half-a-million cases in the last 10 years - and we think we can boost the
success rate or our ability to pass on new leads to the police by around 10%.

"So that's tens of thousands of cases going back into history. If we look
forward then we can apply it to cases that are coming into the lab from today."
The pilot will run for three months, after which it is due to be extended to
remaining police forces. Kevin Morten, head of scientific support services at
South Yorkshire police, told the BBC: "If an offender enters a crime scene and
touches a surface they will leave a small trace of DNA; the next person who's in
that scene, or has been in previously, will also leave small traces of DNA.
"Previously we have not been able to split those profiles, but with this
technique we'll be able to do that and that will assist us greatly in further
detecting crime". The FSS can already handle more than 10,000 DNA crime stain
samples each month and about 50,000 DNA samples from individuals.



       IMPACT OF DNA ON CRIME DETECTION

       CRIME  NATIONAL DETECTION RATE  DNA DETECTION RATE
       All recorded crime  26%  40%
       Domestic burglary  16%  41%
       Non-domestic burglary  11%  50%
       Theft of vehicle  15%  24%
       Theft from vehicle  8%  63%
       Criminal damage  14%  51%
       Source: Home Office (04/05 figures)


HOW POLICE USE DNA
DNA samples taken from blood, hair, semen, etc at crime scene
Sample used to produce unique DNA profile of criminal
Profile helps identify criminal's physical characteristics
Suspects can be tested for DNA match with crime scene
Existing 3.5m samples on DNA database also checked
Mass DNA screenings of village, school, etc may be used
Chance of two people having same DNA - one in one billion





Forwarded By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/  http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience/
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science, Science Group of India

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Dear friends of Science, Archaeology, History and Astronomy,

THE SIGN BOARD TEXT OF "DHOLAVIRA". the time was passing slowly - there was a
lightning-blow. The destruction caused may have brought the meaning to
'destructive', then to 'vile'.

This means that there has been fall of big meteors and not the actual lightening
as word expectations. The destruction and as the time was not passing means they
were waiting for some particular incidence to happen ! but what? may be they
were waiting for the Sunrise in the morning but due to the destruction caused by
the Falls of meteors that have created sky covered with the dust and there was
no sun rise for many months. So their time was not passing and TIME WAS SO SLOW
for waiting for the Sun rise. which proves that Kutch Saraswati civilisation
were destroyed by the Meteor impacts in the Kutch and so Luna craters and other
craters in the Rann Of the Kutch are in fact the true signs of those incidence
of the Meteor impact before +3000BC. and Egyptian crater in SW Egypt 24K size is
responsible for the destruction of Egypt civilisation which was known as
"MUDRAYa" - (Sanskrit word)  at that time.

From YOUR Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/
http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science Groups of India.





13. THE SIGN BOARD TEXT OF   "DHOLAVIRA".

The text runs from left to right with the following signs : 391- 256- 327- 391-
261- 134- 98-391-391-53. Some people read 134 as 124, but elsewhere it never
makes any pair either with 261 or with 98.Therefore, it is 134. The text may be
read thus: ci re pau ci ca i pa  ci ci bha. There are 5 groups, each of two
syllables; namely :

(i)   ci re   reflecting in the Vedic adverb cire "for a long time".

(ii)  pau ci reflecting in the dialectal poc "vile, wicked".

(iii) ca i has contracted to ce in a Tantric formula "cAmuNDAyai
        vic-ce".

(iv) pa  ci reflecting in the verb pac "to cook".

(v)  ci bha reflecting   in the  dialectal verb cibh "to crush under the
         teeth".

Based on these   reflections,

the clause ci re  may mean : the time was passing slowly.

pau  (wind) ci   (be) may mean :  there was a storm.  The destruction caused by
the storm may have brought the meaning to 'destructive',  then to 'vile'.

ca (light) i (move) is doubtful, but it is perhaps some kind of blessing.

pa ci refers to some fiery accident, and means : there was a conflagration.

ci  (be) bha (light) means : there was a lightning-blow.



Dholavira
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
       4 Historical sign board
       5 Language and calligraphy

Excavation
The ancient site at Dholavira (23.88° N 70.22° E), is flanked by two storm water
channels; the Mansar in the north, and the Manhar in the south. The site,
discovered in 1960s, is the fifth largest Harappan site in the Indian
subcontinent, and has been under excavation almost continuously sunce 1990 by
the Archaeological Survey of India.

The excavations of the site were initiated in 1989 by the Archaeological Survey
of India under the direction of Dr. R. S. Bisht. The excavation brought to light
the sophisticated urban planning and architecture, and unearthed large numbers
of antiquities such as seals, beads, animal bones, gold, silver, terracotta
ornaments and vessels linked to Mesopotamia. Archaeologists believe that
Dholavira was an important centre of trade between settlements in south Gujarat,
Sindh and Punjab and Western Asia.


City
Estimated to be older than the port-city of Lothal, the city of Dholavira has a
rectangular shape and organization, and is spread over 100 hectares. The area
measures 771.10 metres in length, and 616.85 metres in width. Like Harappa and
Mohenjo-Daro (Pakistan), the city is composed to a pre-existing geometrical
plan, of three divisions - the citadel, the middle town and the lower town. The
acropolis and the middle town had been further furnished with their own
defence-work, gateways, built-up areas, street system, wells and large open
spaces. The acropolis is the most carefully guarded as well as impressive and
imposing complex in the city of which it appropriates the major portion of the
southwestern zone. The towering "castle" stands majestically in fair insulation
and defended by double ramparts. The city within the general fortification
accounts for 48 hectares. There are extensive structure-bearing areas though
outside yet intimately integral to the fortified settlement. Beyond the walls,
yet another settlement has been found.


One of the unique features of Dholavira is the sophisticated water conservation
system of channels and reservoirs, the earliest found anywhere in the world, and
of which three are exposed. They were used for storing the fresh water brought
by rains or to store the water diverted from a nearby rivulet. This probably
came in wake of the desert climate and conditions of Kutch, where several years
may pass without rainfall.

Burial system
The variety of burial styles suggests a diverse population. A "signboard" inlaid
with large symbols in the untranslated Indus script was discovered near one of
the entrances to the citadel.


Historical sign board
One of the most significant discoveries at Dholavira was made in one of the side
rooms of the northern gateway of the city. The Harappans had arranged and set
pieces of gypsum (a kind of mineral) to form ten large letters on a big wooden
board. At some point of time the board fell down flat on its face. The wood
decayed, but the arrangement of the letters survived. It is still not known what
the sign says as the system of writing or script of the Harappans has not yet
been deciphered.


Language and calligraphy
Indus Valley Seals. The first one shows a Swastika, a prominent symbol in
Hinduis.
It is not known for sure what language the Harappan people spoke, and their
script cannot yet be read. Still, a few things are known about their system of
writing. The Harappan script seems to have had about 400 basic signs, with many
variations. The signs probably stood both for words and for syllables. The
direction of the writing was generally from right to left. Most of the
inscriptions are found on seals (mostly made out of stone) and sealings (pieces
of clay on which the seal was pressed down to leave its impression). Some
inscriptions are also found on copper tablets, bronze implements, and small
objects made of terracotta, stone and faience. The seals were probably used in
trade and also for official administrative work. So the Harappans seem to have
used writing mainly for these sorts of things. A lot of the inscribed material
was found at Mohenjo Daro.


THE SIGN BOARD TEXT OF "DHOLAVIRA". the time was passing slowly - there was a
lightning-blow. The destruction caused may have brought the meaning to
'destructive', then to 'vile'.

This means that there has been fall of big meteors and not the actual lightening
as word expectations. and the destruction as the time was not passing means they
were waiting for some particular incidence! but what? may be they were waiting
for the Sunrise in the morning but due to the destruction caused by the Falls of
meteors. as that have created sky covered with the dust and there was no sun
rise for many months. So their time was not passing and TIME WAS SO SLOW for
waiting for the Sun rise.




13. THE SIGN BOARD TEXT OF "DHOLAVIRA".

The text runs from left to right with the following signs : 391- 256- 327- 391-
261- 134- 98-391-391-53. Some people read 134 as 124, but elsewhere it never
makes any pair either with 261 or with 98.Therefore, it is 134. The text may be
read thus: ci re pau ci ca i pa ci ci bha. There are 5 groups, each of two
syllables; namely :

(i) ci re reflecting in the Vedic adverb cire "for a long time".

(ii) pau ci reflecting in the dialectal poc "vile, wicked".

(iii) ca i has contracted to ce in a Tantric formula "cAmuNDAyai

       vic-ce".
(iv) pa ci reflecting in the verb pac "to cook".

(v) ci bha reflecting in the dialectal verb cibh "to crush under the

        teeth".
Based on these reflections,

the clause ci re may mean : the time was passing slowly.

pau (wind) ci (be) may mean : there was a storm. The destruction caused by the
storm may have brought the meaning to 'destructive', then to 'vile'.

ca (light) i (move) is doubtful, but it is perhaps some kind of blessing.

pa ci refers to some fiery accident, and means : there was a conflagration.

ci (be) bha (light) means : there was a lightning-blow.


Road are good till Rapar town; from there the road to Dholavira is two lanes.
The best time to visit is November to March.



[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

From: Kutch Science Foundation

Sent: Saturday, September 30, 2006 9:51 AM
Subject: Gujarat meteors "oldest bodies found in solar system"


Dear editorials, friends of Science, space and astronomy,

Many thrilling news are published about the meteors of July 2006 in Gujarat -
(Kutch Saurashtra) that is really a good news that we have started to take
interest in the subject and materials of the space but how sad if we do not do
the complete analysis of the subject or a incomplete statements.

Statement "According to scientists, the solar system was formed around 15
billion years ago and the Sun was 4.5 billion years old."    is confusing  and
also not clarifying  the reality.  the solar system was formed around 15 billion
years ago is not the correct sentence but ONLY the present belief UNIVERSE was
formed around 15 billion years ago and  the Sun was 4.5 billion years old.

And also the Chondrite meteors of kutch which was studies was part of the solar
system formation ( less than 4.5 billion years old) or an extra terrestrial
specimen (beyond 4.5 billion years old) ? We need to understand the difference
of solar system formation and formation of other parts of the universe which
could be understand from the meteors from the fragments from the comets arrived
to visit solar system from the outer space (extra terrestrial comets) which
arrives beyond the solar system. here it looks that scientists used more of
Guess work rather than actual dating analysis which is still need to be searched
for.

From YOUR Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/
http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science Groups of India.


News published as Gujarat meteors "oldest bodies found in solar system"
When scores of people in Gujarat saw glowing fireballs falling from the sky in
July 2006 little did they realise that these fragments from outer space were one
of the "oldest bodies found in our solar system".

Scientists at Physicial Research Laboratory (PRL) studying the meteor samples
that fell in different areas of Kutch and Saurashtra are thrilled with the
"discovery of a rare chondrule inside one of the fragments of the meteorite
known as a Chondritre Meteorite in scientific terminology".

"Chondrules are small spherical ball like formations that are found inside a
chondrite meteor. They are very rare to find and are believed to have been
formed around two million years after our sun was formed", PRL Director Dr J N
Goswami told PTI.

"Scientists are excited with the find as it will give a great opportunity to
study how our solar system originated and developed over a period of time," he
said.



Chondrites are stony meteorites that have not been modified due to melting or
differentiation of the parent body. They were formed when various types of dust
and small grains that were present in the early solar system came together to
form primitive asteroids.

Though chondrites are a common type of meteor that crash into the earth every
year, the discovery of a chondrule inside a small sample piece of the meteorite
will help in collecting data about the composition of meteors, Goswami said.

The meteor shower took all by surprise when it streaked across the dark night
creating a boom as it fell on fields, making a gaping hole though some roof
tops.

According to scientists, the solar system was formed around 15 billion years ago
and the Sun was 4.5 billion years old. "Study of meteorites has indicated that
chondrules began forming two million years after the sun was born. These
untouched particles were formed out of various gases and star dust in space that
hardened over the years and got adjoined with meteors as they brushed against
each other or collided," Goswami said.

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Dear friends of science and ASTRONOMY,

Astronomers from Uk and Europe have  discovered and pinpointed two new JUPITER
sized giant planets. Academics of the St Andrew university and other UK
institutions used the technique which used for star that "wink" a breakthrough
in the search for the new planets orbiting the distant stars. Planets are
orbiting closer to the parent stars like our SUN star. and so planets are in
closer orbits are even hotter than our Mercury planet - more than 400C.

Planet WASP-1b and Planet WASP-2b found 1000 light years in andromeda
constellation & 500 light years in delphinus constellation respectively. They
used the WIDE angle  telescope  and digital style camera based in the canary
islands and south Africa. Colleagues from France and Switzerland  then used the
spectrographs called "SOPHIE" to identify the mass as  PLANETS.

EU astronomers are using international collaboration known as SUPER SWAP (wide
angle search for planets) detecting the TUG or "WOBBLE" they produce as they
orbit the star. they look for "WINKS" or dips in bright ness. Duration and dips
in the light curve had allowed than to measure the radius of the planets. Super
WASP is expected to find many more planets said Prof. Andrew collier Cameron
from the St Andrew University.


By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
  http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/ http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
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http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.


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