Vedic MathematicsVoltaire, the famous French writer and philosopher) stated
that "Pythagoras went to the Ganges to learn geometry." Abraham Seidenberg,
author of the authoritative "History of Mathematics," credits the Sulba Sutras
as inspiring all mathematics of the ancient world from Babylonia to Egypt to
Greece.As Voltaire & Seidenberg have stated, many highly significant
mathematical concepts have come from the Vedic culture, such as:The theorem
bearing the name of the Greek mathematician Pythagorus is found in the
Shatapatha Brahmana as well as the Sulba Sutra, the Indian mathematical
treatise, written centuries before Pythagorus was born. The Decimal system,
based on powers of ten, where the remainder is carried over to the next column,
first mentioned in the Taittiriya Samhita of the Black Yajurveda.The
Introduction of zero as both a numerical value and a place marker.The Concept of
infinity. The Binary number system, essential for computers, was used in Vedic
verse meters. A hashing technique, similar to that used by modern search
algorithms, such as Googles, was used in South Indian musicology. From the name
of a raga one can determine the notes of the raga from this Kathapayadi system.
(See Figure at left.) For further reading we refer you to this excellent article
on Vedic Mathematics.
_________________________________________________________________
Feel like a local wherever you go.
http://www.backofmyhand.com

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Dear friends of  Health and science,
Fruit could make 'powerful fuel' Comments:- " WISH YOU SAVE YOUR FRUITS
for the Health and life and not for fuel."
The sugar found in fruit such as apples and oranges can be converted
into a new type of low carbon fuel for cars, US scientists have said.
The fuel, made from fructose, contains far more energy than ethanol, the
scientists write in the journal Nature.  Separately, a British report on
biofuels says all types of waste products, including plastic bags, can
be used to make biodiesel fuel. Critics of biofuels made from plant
crops say they drive up food prices.  In both the European Union and the
United States politicians have heartily  embraced biofuels as a way  of
reducing emissions of carbon dioxide and  dependency on imported oil.
'Waste' fuel  Critics say that the current biofuels, both diesel made
from palm oil and ethanol made from corn, encourage farmers to switch
land to fuel production, driving up the price of food in the process.
Now scientists at the University of Wisconsin-Madison say that a simple
sugar called fructose can be converted into a fuel that has many
advantages over ethanol.
[http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/shared/img/o.gif]
[http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/img/v3/start_quote_rb.gif]  The
impact on society we're hoping will be far  wider than simply  'we can
give you a fuel now with a tenfold reduction in its carbon  footprint'
[http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/img/v3/end_quote_rb.gif]
Jeremy TomkinsonIt is  called dimethylfuran - it can store 40% more
energy than ethanol, does not  evaporate as easily and is less volatile.
The scientists say that fructose can be obtained directly from fruits
and  plants or made from glucose.  But more work needs to be done to
assess the environmental impact of this new  fuel.  In Britain,
researchers say that the technology now exists to create biodiesel not
just from palm oil but from a range of materials including wood, weeds
and plastic bags. This process is called biomass to liquid and  experts
say that within six  years up to 30% of Britain's diesel requirements
could be met from this source.  Jeremy Tomkinson of the UK's National
Non-Food Crops Centre said this next generation of biofuels could meet
many needs beyond powering cars. "The impact on society we're hoping
will be far wider than simply 'we can give you a fuel now with a tenfold
reduction in its carbon footprint'. "Imagine now if chemicals that we
use in the chemical industry also came from the same feed stock, the
aircraft that we fly to New York in also runs on this? There's the big
potential," he said. The biggest drawback to this process is cost.
Setting up new production facilities is estimated to be 10 times higher
than  for current biofuel refineries.

FORWARDED By   yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
<http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/>
President:"Kutch  Science Foundation".
Founder  :"Kutch  Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas  Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/
<http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/>
http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
<http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience>
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<http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000>
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http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj <../../../../bhuj>    Do visit our
ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of  India, Science
Group of  India.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Dear Friends,

Wish you all a very happy summer solstice. An Expedition in KUTCH for
GEOLOGY
and Archaeology will start soon after rain in KUTCH.

Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
<http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/>
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".

Founder:Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club Bhuj-Kutch.

Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@...
<../../../../bhujkutch/post?postID=Bc5m9BcZIVAkxEiSJSSb-yhF64tfGj3eGoBlF\
tBp4R_MHsVbC0xskyNYd9U7IvnLIVcghCItaLtuMbbyiZyY> ,
kutchscience@...
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BwFQrGfcMDUzxz66C5cF-saJ6DXeDgvy4xWDQsWDzD8F_3x3zAv-g> ,
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Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science Group
of
India & kutch science foundation and ALSO JOIN US.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Dear Friends of  Science and Astronomy , Any plans for today for a
DAYLIGHT ECLIPSE OF VENUS SUNSET PLANETS: When the sun sets tonight, go
outside and look west. Saturn, Venus and the slender crescent Moon are
arranged in a beautiful diagonal line. Scan the trio with a backyard
telescope to see mountains and craters
<http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap070616.html> , breathtaking rings
<http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap070406.html> , and a curiously
cloudy crescent <http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap060110.html> . [sky
map <http://www.spaceweather.com/images2007/17jun07/skymap_north.gif> ]
DAYLIGHT ECLIPSE OF VENUS: European sky watchers should be alert on
Monday, June 18th, for a mid-afternoon eclipse of Venus by the crescent
Moon. This picture taken by French photographer Laurent Laveder
<http://uk.f267.mail.yahoo.com/ym/Compose?To=laurent.laveder@laposte.net\
>  shows what the Moon will look like hanging high in the afternoon sky:
<http://www.pixheaven.net/photo_us.php?nom=070321_2834>
Photo details: Canon 30D
<http://www.spaceweather.com/xtra/results_canon.php?searchTerm=30D> ,
Sigma 200mm lens
<http://www.spaceweather.com/xtra/results_sigma.php?searchTerm=sigma%202\
00mm%20lens> , f/8, 400 ASA, 1/2000s Venus will appear as a pinprick of
light beside the Moon--visible in broad daylight until the edge of the
Moon eclipses the planet. (Technically, this is called a "lunar
occultation.") Venus disappears behind the Moon's dark limb and pops out
on the bright crescent-side typically 60+ minutes later. Binoculars
<http://www.spaceweather.com/ccount.php?linkURL=http://www.meade.com/bin\
oculars/astro.html>  are recommended, but be careful not to point them
at the sun. To avoid eye damage, try observing from the shadow of a tall
building. Elsewhere, in the Middle East, India and Pakistan
<http://www.iucaa.ernet.in/%7Escipop/Sky/venus_occultation.htm> , the
eclipse can be seen around sunset and after dark. From those places, a
clear view of the western horizon is essential because the Moon and
Venus will be setting, but the sight should be spectacular. Except for a
small region around the Canadian maritime provinces, this event will be
completely invisible from North America. Eclipse Maps and Timetables
<http://www.lunar-occultations.com/iota/planets/0618venus.htm>


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Dear Friends Science, Geology and Geography,
   [Amazon river. Landsat image]   The new study puts the Amazon at
6,800km

Scientists in Brazil are claiming to have established as a scientific
fact that the Amazon is the longest river in the world.  The Amazon is
recognised as the world's largest river by volume, but has generally
been regarded as second in length to the River Nile in Egypt.  The claim
follows an expedition to Peru that is said to have established a new
starting point further south.  It puts the Amazon at 6,800km (4,250
miles) compared to the Nile's 6,695km.  Mountain source  The precise
length of a river is not easy to calculate and depends on correctly
identifying the source and the mouth.  The new claim in Brazil follows
an expedition by scientists which is said to have discovered a new
source for the Amazon in the south of Peru and not the north of the
country as had been thought for many years.  While the exact location
has yet to be confirmed from two choices, scientists say either would
make the river the longest in the world.  Guido Gelli, director of
science at the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, told the
Brazilian network TV Globo that today it could already be considered as
a fact that the Amazon was the longest river in the world.  The Amazon
is now said to begin in an ice-covered mountain in southern Peru called
Mismi.  Researchers travelled for 14 days, sometimes in freezing
temperatures, to establish the location at an altitude of 5,000m.  The
research was co-ordinated by the National Geographical Institute of
Peru, with the help of their colleagues in Brazil.  There has been a
healthy academic debate over the world's longest river for some years
and the claim from Brazil may not go unchallenged.


Forwarded By Dr Bhudia, Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
<http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/>
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :" Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch ".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@...
<http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhudia/post?postID=-aOzs_kWI7fPcyatrmD\
ro0NWWC0-tTENZg6F4PH9glzzALf_0ropakeulzOP_ipa5PCqvhiu5QLJPG2DGowRx5M> ,
kutchscience@...
<http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhudia/post?postID=vQnIscey7ncudKwSIXo\
jyJO0BV47_H-IdHNQF3xueeesGWzX47ceDksoUjXyfA5uxmEAFr4qxEpwURv2VuG-Bg> ,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/
<http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/>
http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
<http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience>
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
<http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000>
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<http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia>
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<http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj>
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science Groups of India.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Dear Friends of Space science and Astronomy,






Firm rockets into space tourism http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/6749873.stm

The whole flight would last one-and-a-half hours








The European aerospace giant EADS is going into the space tourism business.
Its Astrium division says it will build a space plane capable of carrying
fare-paying passengers on a sub-orbital ride more than 100km above the planet.
The vehicle, which will take off from a normal airport, will give the tourists a
three-to-five-minute experience of weightlessness at the top of its climb.
Tickets are expected to cost up to 200,000 euros (£135,000), with flights likely
to begin in 2012.







  There must be millions of people who have dreamt about this since they were
little kids

Marc Newson, designer"We believe it is the will of human beings to visit space
and we have to give them the possibility to do that," said Francois Auque, the
CEO of Astrium.
"Astrium is by far the largest space company in Europe, so we are very
knowledgeable in all these matters. We believe our concept is extremely safe,
extremely comfortable and cost effective," he told BBC News.
Two in one
EADS Astrium is the company that builds the Ariane rocket, which lofts most of
the world's commercial satellites. Its space jet is a very different concept,
however.






The passengers would get a few minutes of weightlessnessThe front end of a
full-scale model was unveiled at a publicity event in Paris on Wednesday. From a
certain angle, the vehicle resembles an ordinary executive aircraft - but its
engineers claim it is in fact "revolutionary".
The production model will use normal jet engines to take off and climb to 12km.
From there, a rocket engine will kick the vehicle straight up, taking it beyond
60km in just 80 seconds. By the time the rocket shuts down, the craft should
have sufficient velocity to carry it above 100km - into space.
As the plane then begins to fall back to Earth, the pilot will use small
thrusters to control its altitude, guiding the vehicle into the atmosphere from
where it will use its jet engines again to return to the airport.
The total journey time will be about one-and-a-half hours.
World window
Astrium says there will be room for four passengers on each mission. Towards the
top of the climb, these individuals will be able to float free in the cabin and
look through large windows at the planet below.
Astrium is proposing a different technical solution to the one being pursued by
airline boss Sir Richard Branson and his Virgin Galactic enterprise.






SpaceShipOne was slung beneath a carrier aircraftBranson's operation - timed to
start about 2009 - is basing its vehicles on the record-breaking SpaceShipOne
rocket plane which became the first privately built craft to reach space in
2004.
SpaceShipOne had to be carried to a launch altitude by another vehicle before
using rocket propulsion; and on its return from space, glided to its home
runway. Astrium says its decision to go with a one-stage concept was driven by
safety and economic considerations.
The Australian Marc Newson was employed to design the space plane's interior. He
said he had put great emphasis on the seats - which he describes as "hi-tech
hammocks" - and the windows to maximise the flight experience.
Child's dream
"The windows are very similar to a civilian jet airliner but they're about 30%
bigger; but more importantly, there're 15 windows and only four passengers, so
there're are plenty of opportunities to float around the interior of this cabin
and take different views of space, the stars, the Moon, and the Earth," Mr
Newson explained.
"It will be amazing. You'll actually be outside the Earth's atmosphere; you'll
be able to see Earth as a spherical object and everything else around you will
be black. There must be millions of people who have dreamt about this since they
were little kids," he told the BBC.
EADS Astrium says its space jet project is likely to cost a billion euros to
develop. It will be looking for financial and industrial partners over the next
year. It says that if development work starts in 2008, the first commercial
flights could be made in 2012.
"The development of a new vehicle able to operate in altitudes between aircraft
(20km) and below satellites (200km) could well be a precursor for rapid
transport, point-to-point vehicles, or quick access to space," Astrium said in a
statement.
"Its development will contribute to maintaining and even enhancing European
competencies in core technologies for space transportation."



Forwarded By yours DMr H H .BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/  President:'Kutch Science
Foundation'.Founder :'Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch'.Life
Member:'kutch Itihaas Parishad'.kutchscience@...,
kutchscience@...,http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/
http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science Group of India
_________________________________________________________________
The next generation of MSN Hotmail has arrived - Windows Live Hotmail
http://www.newhotmail.co.uk

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Dear Friends of Geology and science,
Huge bird dino unearthed in China
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/6750005.stm














The beast was about 35 times heavier than other feathered dinosaurs
Enlarge ImageThe fossilised remains of a giant bird-like dinosaur have been
uncovered in the region of Inner Mongolia, China.
While some have theorised that meat-eating dinosaurs got smaller as they evolved
to be more bird-like, this beast weighed about 1,400kg (3,080lbs).
That is about 35 times heavier than other similar feathered dinosaurs.
Nature journal reports that the beaked animal was 8m (26ft) long and twice as
tall as a man at the shoulder; yet it was only a young adult when it died.
The authors suggest the dinosaur's enormous size was due to a fast growth rate,
faster even than the precocious Tyrannosaurus rex.
In truth, though, just what it ate is really mystery. Gigantoraptor erlianensis
had some features associated with meat-eating dinosaurs, such as sharp claws for
tearing flesh; but it also had some features associated with plant-eaters, such
as a small head and long neck.
Arrested development
Chinese researchers uncovered the fossilised remains of the flightless giant in
the Erlian basin in Inner Mongolia.
The researchers had originally thought they had found the bones of a tyrannosaur
- the group of dinosaurs to which T. rex belongs - due to their large size.






The bones were so big, they were thought to be from a tyrannosaurThe team has
established that the creature lived about 70 million years ago, in the late
Cretaceous Period.
According to lines of arrested growth detected on its bones, it died in its 11th
year of life.
"It was a very surprising discovery, not at all what we expected," said Xu Ling,
a palaeontologist at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing and co-author on
the Nature paper.
"We think it's the largest feathered animal ever to have been discovered."
Growth spurt
Gigantoraptor could probably run relatively quickly on its long, powerful legs.







The dinosaur was twice as tall as a man at the shoulder
Enlarge Image"It belongs to a very unusual group of theropod dinosaurs, which
are normally meat-eaters. But this one doesn't have any teeth, so what it ate is
a mystery," commented Dr Paul Barrett, a dinosaur researcher from the Natural
History Museum in London, UK.
"They show that it had a very fast growth rate so it probably got big by growing
very rapidly, rather than growing for a very long period of time."
Dr Barrett added that the animal was not on the direct evolutionary line leading
to today's birds. This supported the notion, he said, that the features we
associate with modern birds probably arose more than once in their close
relatives.

Forwarded By yours DMr H H .BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/  President:'Kutch Science
Foundation'.Founder :'Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch'.Life
Member:'kutch Itihaas Parishad'.kutchscience@...,
kutchscience@...,http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/
http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science Group of India
_________________________________________________________________
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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Dear Friends Of Space and Astronomy Science,

   http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/6759539.stm

Sunita Williams, a US astronaut aboard the International Space Station,
has  set a new record for the longest unbroken space flight by a woman.
As of 0547 GMT on Saturday, she had passed the 188-day, four-hour mark
set by  Shannon Lucid in 1996.
Mrs Williams, who is of Indian and Slovenian extraction, is due to
return to  Earth on Thursday on the Atlantis.
She earlier set a record for the longest space walk by a woman, reaching
22  hours and 27 minutes.
That record had been held by astronaut Kathryn Thornton at just over 21
hours.
In her six months in space, Mrs Williams has also "run" the Boston
Marathon  on a treadmill.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/6332305.stm


US astronaut Sunita Williams has now spent more time walking in space
than  any other woman.

The record was set as she and a crewmate upgraded the International
Space  Station's cooling system on Sunday.
Ms Williams broke the previous record set by American Kathryn Thornton
of just over 21 hours; setting a new one of 22 hours and 27 minutes.
With colleague Michael Lopez-Alegria, she completed the second of three
scheduled spacewalks in nine days.

During Sunday's spacewalk, which lasted more than seven hours, small
amounts  of toxic ammonia leaked from a fluid line.
The liquid ammonia, which freezes into flakes when it hits the vacuum of
space, did not appear to touch either astronaut.

Forwarded By Dr Bhudia, Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
<http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/>
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@...
<../../../../bhudia/post?postID=-aOzs_kWI7fPcyatrmDro0NWWC0-tTENZg6F4PH9\
glzzALf_0ropakeulzOP_ipa5PCqvhiu5QLJPG2DGowRx5M> ,
kutchscience@...
<../../../../bhudia/post?postID=vQnIscey7ncudKwSIXojyJO0BV47_H-IdHNQF3xu\
eeesGWzX47ceDksoUjXyfA5uxmEAFr4qxEpwURv2VuG-Bg> ,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/
<http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/>
http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
<http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience>
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
<http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000>
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
<../../../../scienceclubofindia>
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience <../../../../kutchscience>
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http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj <../../../../bhuj>
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science Groups of India.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Dear Science and astronomy Friends,



“SUN has Mean equatorial radius: 696000 km (109.1 x Earth) and about similar
times of (the Diameter of The SUN) away from the Earth”


FEB 2004) : Measuring the Earth:


How long will it take and how far we need to go to measure the Earth. Similar to
the experiment “4)” above can do all for you. But all need to do is use local
time. When sun comes over head (No east or No West). And select two place A & B
of at least 2 KM distance apart NORTH and SOUTH and do the measurement same time
at both place as follows.



We can use one control place “S” in South or “N” in North about 50 Km away to
correct any minor errors from short distance “2 KM” experiment.



Example of Latitudes longitude finding at the Local time. – for tropical of
cancer @ Local time you need to find the correct time when sun is on the head
with no shadows East or West. and need to be there at LOCAL time of 12:00 NOON
which may be 12 + MM depending on the place where you go – Longitudes.



Experiments done at the Place A & B on 12 Noon IST will have shadow towards
East/West. Depending your positions in India (West/ East of 82.5 E Longitude).
And so accordingly you will get shadow East/West.  Measure the length of that of
shadow of 3 Meter pole. and find the Tangent = shadow/ pole - will give u the
angle. Say example : shadow = 600 mm at that time. So 600/3000= 0.2

so anti tangent is an angle of 11o.30' degree. so you are 11..30' West/East of
IST line means IF shadow is East than U R WEST and at 82.30' - 11.30' =  71
degree East longitude.



(If shadow is in the EAST than - you are IN the East you need to do experiment
Next day  before 12 IST and preferably to start more than an hour before to set
up all arrangements)



Now u find exact time when to take results of the experiment. when there is no
shadow to the EAST/WEST - at 12Noon + (11.3o' x4) = @12 + 46 PM U have 46
minutes to do that. To take the next accurate place readings. When there is no
shadow in East/West but to the NORTH/SOUTH ONLY (depending your position North
or south of the SUN in India or in the world) at that place at that time. GPS
may be in correct to show that but not the SUN.



Now measure the length of the shadow in accuracy of mm fractions @places “A”,
“B” & “N” or “S”@ same time.



If the Difference of the length of shadow is 1mm at places “A” and “B” same time
at Local time when sun comes over head –(NO shadow on East or West) the
calculations will be simplified as follows.



Anti tan 1/3000 gives the angle made by shadow on the Earth surface gives the
angle = at the centre of the Earth by the 2 KM distance on the surface of the
EARTH. Eg about 1.1' (1+') and find the Circumference of the Earth = 360 degree.
(around 40000 Km)



Similarly Controlled reading at “N” / “S” will help you to find accuracy eg long
distance measure will give more accuracy than 2KM and correct your readings from
that 50 KM distance experiments. (that will give you about 23.5mm shadow
Difference than that of “A” and  23.5+1 mm than that of “B”) so calculate the
tangent and angle and circumference of the Earth and Diameter or R for the
Earth.

TO SIMLYFY MORE and Easy work, Let One of the "N" OR "S" be Either Delhi Jantar
Mantar or JAIPUR - JANTAR MANTAR.

We are very rich in our Astronomy engineering - particularly JAIPUR is the
Richest in that sense. Jaipur has very good working observatory (VEDH SHALA)
with guiding facility.



According to an expert guide (Hanumant Singh - also expert in astronomical
calculations)- that ancient observatory place can measure 1/6 of the second in
time and that is equal to 0' 2.5" size of the angle of the sky observation
accuracy. And that all works local timing and longitude - latitude of the place.
Only the persons required to work for it.



We should utilize that place with aided observation with Venus transit of 8 June
2004. TEAM A - working with Local observatory guides and Team B working with
OPTICAL aids at the same place to complementary work. That is the best place for
us to utilize the observation at that place and that is relay a Golden
opportunity for Jaipur and users too.



(Delhi and Jaipur observatory – Vedh Shala are constructed such a way that it
can work locally @ that Longitude Latitude and also at a LOCAL time of that
place. So we do not need to find the place location of  Longitude-Latitude while
working there nor the local time of that working place (Auto Sun Dial activity)
– nor we need toys like GPS nor sophisticated instruments. Not only that but
many of such astronomical activities – One like coming VENUS TRANSIT on 8 June
2004 also needs to be observed and activity to be worked in same environment
such as Local time and longitude Latitude, so many of planetarium places and
activity are just nothing in comparisons to such VITAL places as others has to
use their toys of GPS and telescopic compass and Leveling like a Theodolites).
So if we use this place on the day 8 June2004 for a Tenus Transit time activity
then instead of So called planetariums – as Venus transit is the phenomenon of
the place of JANTAR MANTAR and not Planeterium activity. – people will realize
the importance of such a place who even Astronomy lovers and planetarium
authority - who forgot that place and its importance.





World geometric dimension Table: created

       Earth’s Equatorial Diameter
      Equatorial Circumference 2D
      Earth’s Inter Polar Diameter
      Inter Polar Circumference 2D

       12756 Km (E to W)
      40053 KM (E to W)
      12714 K m (N to S)
      39900 KM (N to S)

       (E to W 23:30 N/S)
      (Using Tangent 23:30=0.917)



       360 degree @  23.5 Degree
      36730km@Tropic of Cancer 360 deg Round the Earth
      39900 KM Inter Polar

       1 Degree = 60 ‘ Mins /360
      =102 km = 64 Miles
      1 Degree = 60 ‘ Mins /360
      =110 km = 70 Miles

       1’ Min = 60 “ Secs    /60
      =1.7 KM =1.067 Miles
      1’ Min = 60 “ Secs    /60
      =1.84 KM =1.16 Miles


      =1700 M = 5632 Feet

      =1840 M = 6124 Feet

       1”Sec         /60
      28.3 M  =94 Feet
      1”Sec         /60
      30.8 M  =102 Feet

       = 37 adult steps
      = 18 Second’s walk
      = 40 adult steps
      = 20 Second’s walk


      1minute walk =300feets=92M

      1minute walk =300feets=92M


      1hour = 5.4 Km walk

      1hour = 5.4 Km walk






Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/
http://www.gujaratplus.com/mypage/WelCOME_to_the_Board_of_Science_Group_Of_INDIA\
\_2004.html
http://www.gujaratplus.com/mypage/Welcome_to_the_Board_of_"_Kutch_Science_Founda\
tion_".html
http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
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http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj

Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science Group of India
& kutch science foundation and ALSO JOIN US.




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Last Updated: Tuesday, 15 May 2007, 17:22 GMT 18:22 UK





Hubble spots ring of dark matter









The ring of dark matter appears in this composite map
Enlarge ImageAstronomers have found one of the best pieces of evidence for the
existence of dark matter, a mysterious quantity that pervades our Universe.
They have identified what appears to be a ghostly ring in the sky which is made
up of this enigmatic substance.
Using the Hubble Space Telescope, the scientists have established that the ring
formed long ago after a colossal smash-up between two galaxy clusters.
Details of the research are to appear in the Astrophysical Journal.
As the name suggests, dark matter does not reflect or emit detectable light, yet
it accounts for most of the mass in the Universe.
Astronomers have long suspected the existence of this invisible "stuff" as the
source of additional gravity that holds together galaxy clusters.
The clusters would fly apart if they were reliant only on the gravity from their
visible stars.
Dark material
No one knows what dark matter is made of, but it is thought to be a type of
elementary particle found throughout the cosmos.
Researchers from Johns Hopkins University and the Space Telescope Science
Institute - both in Baltimore, US - spotted the ring unexpectedly while they
were mapping the distribution of dark matter within the galaxy cluster Cl
0024+17.
This cluster lies 5 billion light-years from Earth; its ring of dark matter
measures 2.6 million light-years across.
Because astronomers cannot see dark matter, they must infer its existence by
studying how its gravity bends the light of more distant, background galaxies.
This powerful trick, called gravitational lensing, allows astronomers to map the
distorted light to deduce the cluster's mass and how dark matter is distributed
in the cluster.
At first, team members thought the ring was an illusion - or artefact - in the
data. But repeated attempts to make the ring disappear met with failure.
Finally, the astronomers became convinced that it must be a real feature.
Ripples in a pond
In August 2006, US astronomers identified the gravitational signature of dark
matter in another merging galaxy cluster. But the ring structure in Cl 0024+17
is exceptional.
"Although the invisible matter has been found before in other galaxy clusters,
it has never been detected to be so largely separated from the hot gas and the
galaxies that make up galaxy clusters," said co-author Myungkook James Jee of
Johns Hopkins University.
"By seeing a dark-matter structure that is not traced by galaxies and hot gas,
we can study how it behaves differently from normal matter."
Computer simulations of galaxy cluster collisions show that when two clusters
smash together, the dark matter falls to the centre of the merged cluster and
sloshes back out.
As the dark matter seeps outward, it begins to slow down under the pull of
gravity and gathers together like a traffic pile-up.
Luckily, astronomers had a head on view of this collision because it occurred
along the Earth's line of sight.
"It's like looking at the pebbles on the bottom of a pond with ripples on the
surface. The pebbles' shapes appear to change as the ripples pass over them," Dr
Jee explained.
"So, too, the background galaxies behind the ring show coherent changes in their
shapes due to the presence of the dense ring."
Team member Holland Ford, also of Johns Hopkins, said: "By studying this
collision, we are seeing how dark matter responds to gravity.
He added: "Nature is doing an experiment for us that we can't do in a lab, and
it agrees with our theoretical models."
Forwarded By YOUR Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of
INDIA.http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/President:"Kutch
Science Foundation".Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj -
Kutch".Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".kutchscience@...,
kutchscience@...,http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/
http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000h\
ttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/gro\
up/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.co\
m/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science Groups of India

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Nasa unveils Hubble's successor







The model of the JWST is on display in Washington DC.The US space agency Nasa
has unveiled a model of a space telescope that scientists say will be able to
see to the farthest reaches of the Universe.
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is intended to replace the ageing Hubble
telescope.
It will be larger than its predecessor, sit farther from Earth and have a giant
mirror to enable it to see more.
Officials said the JWST - named after a former Nasa administrator - was on
course for launch in June 2013.
The full-scale model is being displayed outside the Smithsonian National Air and
Space Museum in the US capital, Washington DC.
It was recently shown off in Seattle at the American Astronomical Society
meeting.


The $4.5bn (£2.3bn) telescope will take up a position some 1.5 million km
(930,000 miles) from Earth.
It will measure 24m (80ft) long by 12m (40ft) high and incorporate a hexagonal
mirror 6.5m (21.3ft) in diameter, almost three times the size of Hubble's.
Hubble, launched in 1990, has sent back pictures of our solar system, distant
stars, and remote fledgling galaxies formed not long after the Big Bang.
But scientists say the JWST will enable them to look deeper into space and even
further back at the origins of the Universe.
"Clearly we need a much bigger telescope to go back much further in time to see
the very birth of the Universe," said Edward Weiler, director of Nasa's Goddard
Space Flight Centre.
Martin Mohan of Northrop Grumman, the contractor building the telescope, said
that the team was making excellent progress.
"There's engineering to do, but invention is done, more than six years ahead of
launch," he said.
When ready, the JWST will be launched by a European Ariane 5 rocket. It is
expected to have a 10-year lifespan.
Until then, the 17-year-old Hubble telescope will continue to do its work. Nasa
plans to send astronauts on the space shuttle to service it in 2008.





THE JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE


JWST is named after James E Webb, Nasa Administrator during the Apollo lunar
exploration era; he served from 1961 to 1968
It will be placed 1.5m km from Earth, at Lagrange Point 2, an area of
gravitational balance that keeps it in a Sun-Earth line
The telescope will be shaded from sunlight by a shield, enabling it to stay
cold, increasing its sensitivity to infrared radiation
Three principal instruments will gather images of the Universe in the infrared
region of the spectrum
These will yield new information about how stars and galaxies first formed a few
hundred million years after the Big Bang
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Dear Docs Medicos and Friends of science,

Please forward to all Doctors and Ophthalmologists







Gene therapy for eyes







The condition causes the retina to deteriorateA team at London's Moorfields Eye
Hospital has made the world's first attempt to treat a sight disorder using gene
therapy.
They operated on Robert Johnson, a UK man born with a sight disorder which means
he can see very little at night, and which deteriorates with age.
It will be several months before the researchers know whether their work has
been a success.
What is the condition?
Mr Johnson has Leber's congenital amaurosis (LCA), a type of inherited
degeneration of the retina.
The retina is made up of a layer of cells called photoreceptors which detect
light, convert it into electrical impulses and then transfer these impulses to
the brain via the optic nerve.
LCA is caused by mutations in the RPE65 gene that controls production of an
enzyme responsible for the recycling of retinol, a chemical necessary for
capturing light.
This recycling takes place in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), a supportive
tissue underlying the layer of photoreceptor cells in the retina.
If used retinol cannot be recycled, the photoreceptor cells run out of supplies
and can no longer function.
This results in severely impaired vision from a very young age.
What do the researchers hope to achieve?
In this form of retinal degeneration the photoreceptor cells are present, but
not functioning.
The researchers aim to restore the activity in these cells and therefore restore
vision by implanting healthy copies of the key gene into the RPE at the back of
the eye.
The genes are contained in a harmless virus, which should, in theory, not be
neutralised by the body's defences, as the immune system is not strong in the
retina.
Some indications of the result may be available within several months. However,
the subjects - Mr Johnson and 11 others - will need to be followed up to assess
the long term effect of the treatment.
It is anticipated that the best results will be achieved in younger patients, as
they will be treated when the disease is in its earlier stages of development.
However, as this trial is the first to treat an eye disease using gene therapy,
the first thing the researchers will need to do is to establish that it is safe.
Has the experiment worked in animal experiments?
The researchers have been able to successfully treat dogs with the same defect
by administering an engineered virus that contains the missing gene.
They were able to restore vision in the dogs to the extent that they could walk
through a maze without difficulty - something they could not do before the
treatment.
There are many similarities between the eye of a dog and human, and the disease
in dogs is very similar to the disease in human patients, so the researchers are
hopeful that humans will benefit from a similar treatment.
Are there plans for future trials for other forms of retinal degeneration?
For each form of retinal degeneration, the use of gene therapy will need to be
developed independently and the treatment will need to be tested in a separate
clinical trial for that disease.
Nevertheless, the results from this first trial are likely to provide an
important basis for many more gene therapy protocols in the future.
The researchers hope that eventually their work could lead to ways to treat more
common sight problems, such as age-related macular degeneration.
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Dear friends Of Space science and astronomy,

New 'super-Earth' found in space  But will there be any chance of life there?
will we find alien life there? 100 % doubt .








The new planet is not much bigger than the Earth
Enlarge Image

Astronomers have found the most Earth-like planet outside our Solar System to
date, a world which could have water running on its surface.
The planet orbits the faint star Gliese 581, which is 20.5 light-years away in
the constellation Libra.
Scientists made the discovery using the Eso 3.6m Telescope in Chile.
They say the benign temperatures on the planet mean any water there could exist
in liquid form, and this raises the chances it could also harbour life.
"We have estimated that the mean temperature of this 'super-Earth' lies between
0 and 40 degrees Celsius, and water would thus be liquid," explained Stephane
Udry of the Geneva Observatory, lead author of the scientific paper reporting
the result. "Moreover, its radius should be only 1.5 times the Earth's radius,
and models predict that the planet should be either rocky - like our Earth - or
covered with oceans."
Xavier Delfosse, a member of the team from Grenoble University, added: "Liquid
water is critical to life as we know it."
He believes the planet may now become a very important target for future space
missions dedicated to the search for extra-terrestrial life.
These missions will put telescopes in space that can discern the tell-tale light
"signatures" that might be associated with biological processes.
The observatories would seek to identify trace atmospheric gases such as
methane, and even markers for chlorophyll, the pigment in Earth plants that
plays a critical role in photosynthesis.
'Indirect' detection
The exoplanet - as astronomers call planets around a star other than the Sun -
is the smallest yet found, and completes a full orbit of its parent star in just
13 days.






EXOPLANET GLIESE 581 C


Mass: Five times Earth's mass
Orbit: 13 days
Temperature: 0C - 40C
Distance: 20.5 light years
Constellation: Libra
Indeed, it is 14 times closer to its star than the Earth is to our Sun.
However, given that the host star is smaller and colder than the Sun - and thus
less luminous - the planet nevertheless lies in the "habitable zone", the region
around a star where water could be liquid.
Gliese 581 was identified at the European Southern Observatory (Eso) facility at
La Silla in the Atacama Desert.
To make their discovery, researchers used a very sensitive instrument that can
measure tiny changes in the velocity of a star as it experiences the
gravitational tug of a nearby planet.
Astronomers are stuck with such indirect methods of detection because current
telescope technology struggles to image very distant and faint objects -
especially when they orbit close to the glare of a star.
The Gliese 581 system has now yielded three planets: the new super-Earth, a 15
Earth-mass planet orbiting even closer to the parent star, and an eight
Earth-mass planet that lies further out.






Gliese 581 is much cooler and dimmer than our own SunThe latest discovery has
created tremendous excitement among scientists.
Of the more than 200 exoplanets so far discovered, a great many are Jupiter-like
gas giants that experience blazing temperatures because they orbit close to hot
stars.
The Gliese 581 super-Earth is in what scientists call the "Goldilocks Zone"
where temperatures "are just right" for life to have a chance to exist.
Commenting on the discovery, Alison Boyle, the curator of astronomy at London's
Science Museum, said: "Of all the planets we've found around other stars, this
is the one that looks as though it might have the right ingredients for life.
"It's 20 light-years away and so we won't be going there anytime soon, but with
new kinds of propulsion technology that could change in the future. And
obviously we'll be training some powerful telescopes on it to see what we can
see," she told BBC News.
"'Is there life anywhere else?' is a fundamental question we all ask."
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Dear friends of Science Astronomy Technology  and Space

'Smart dust' to explore planets'
















Sand grain-sized particles could ride on Martian windsTiny "smart" devices that
can be borne on the wind like dust particles could be carried in space probes to
explore other planets, UK engineers say.
The devices would consist of a computer chip covered by a plastic sheath that
can change shape when a voltage is applied, enabling it to be steered.
Details were presented at the National Astronomy Meeting in Preston.
Dr John Barker, from the University of Glasgow, said the particles could use
wireless networking to form swarms.








  We have a lot of obstacles to overcome before we are even ready to physically
test our designs

John Barker, University of Glasgow

Prof Barker interview

The idea of using millimetre-sized devices to explore far-flung locations is
nothing new, but Dr Barker and his colleagues are starting to look in detail at
how it might be achieved.
The professor at Glasgow's Nanoelectronics Research Centre said computer chips
of the size and sophistication required to meet the challenge already exist.
Smart dust could be packed into the nose cones of planetary probes and then
released into the atmospheres of planets, where they would be carried on the
wind. For a planet like Mars, smart dust particles would each have to be the
size of a grain of sand.
By applying a voltage to alter the shape of the polymer sheath surrounding the
chip, dust particle could be steered towards a target, even in high winds.
The swarm
The polymer sheath surrounding the computer chip could be made to wrinkle or
flatten out.
Wrinkling the plastic sheath would increase the drag on the particle, lifting it
higher on the wind. Flattening out the sheath would cause the particle to
plummet.
Wireless networking would allow these particles to form swarms, and Dr Barker's
team has carried out mathematical simulations to see how this would work.
"We envisage that most of the particles can only talk to their nearest
neighbours but a few can communicate at much longer distances.
"In our simulations, we have shown that a swarm of 50 dust particles can
organise themselves into a star formation, even in turbulent wind."
The ability to fly in formation would allow the processing of data to be spread,
or "distributed" between all the chips, and a collective signal to be beamed
back to a "mothership".
Small sensors
Scientists have already demonstrated smart dust that crams sensors, power
sources, digital communications and processing circuitry into a volume of a few
cubic centimetres.
If they were to be used for planetary exploration, smart dust particles would
have to carry sensors. But current chemical sensors would be too large to be
carried on particles the size of sand grains.
The scientists hope the pace of miniaturisation will make smaller sensors
available in coming decades.
"We are still at an early stage, working on simulations and components," said Dr
Barker.
"We have a lot of obstacles to overcome before we are even ready to physically
test our designs."
Many other applications have been proposed for smart dust. One idea is to use
particles to gather information on battlefields. Another idea involves mixing
the particles into concrete to internally monitor the health of buildings and
bridges.

Forwarded By Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of
INDIA.http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/President:"Kutch
Science Foundation".Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj -
Kutch".Life Member:kutch Itihaas Parishad.kutchscience@...,
kutchscience@...,http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/
http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000h\
ttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/gro\
up/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.co\
m/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, ScienceGroup of India.

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Dear friends of Geology and science,New 4th Crocodilian Fossil found in Babia
Hills area of KUTCH - Gujarat Western : Waiting for Photographs to arrive  Thank
you all for your Co-operation and Guide to support the crocodilian fossil find
in Kutch, Western Gujarat -In India. Recently we published find of Crocodilian
tooth fossil and asked every one for differential diagnostic identification of
the specimen. That specimen is kept At present in the KHAROI Museum. after that
it has been just declared that the Crocodile fossil finds from BABIA HILLS OF
KUTCH are dig out and kept there. Though we do not received the pictures and
awaiting for the recent photographs of those crocodilian fossils. the Message id
forwarded to inform all interested in Science of geology and geological History
of Kutch.1st Find was after 2001  Earthquake in Kutch in KHATROD Hills of kutch
but that was brocken in pieces and washed away in Rain water in River Gunawari
approximate size of 12Meters.2nd Was in PANDHROW Coal mine which is kept in GMDC
museum of the PANDHROW Coal mine  which is 9 Meter size 3Rd Specimen was from
near JELERAI Village,  HARUDI Foramtion of Kutch. which is 9Meter size and kept
at BHARATIYA SANSKRITI DARSAN MUSEUM near Collector office of BHUJ 4th
Crocodilian fossil Recently we had specimen of Crocodilian Tooth and the Now the
crocodilion fossil is dig out from Bambia Hills of LAKHAPAT in Kutch and
specimens is kept there IN GMDC.http://www.kutchmitradaily.com/  dated 16 April
2007    THE DETAILS SAYS in GUJARATI to expalin that "specimen of Crocodilian
Tooth and the Now the crocodilion fossil is dig out from Babia Hills of LAKHAPAT
in Kutch and specimens is kept there in GMDC."  © Kutchmitra. All rights
reserved.From: "charlie manolis" <cmanolis@...>To:
<KutchScienceFoundation@...>Cc: "CSG Executive Officer"
<csg@...>Sent: Wednesday, September 13, 2006 4:08 AMSubject: Re: Recent
findings Crocodilians in KUTCH!!! Dear Dr Bhudia,I passed your photo on to Dr
Steve Salisbury, who works on crocodilefossils. As you can see from his reply
below, he would need more informationand images in order to identify whether the
tooth is from a crocodilian. Ifyou have any of this information, please get it
to me and I can pass it onto Steve. Regards,CharlieIf they get back to you with
more photosand info, please pass it  on and I'll see what I can do."Charlie
ManolisChief ScientistWildlife Management InternationalPO Box 530Sanderson, NT
0813AustraliaTel: 61.8.89224500Facs: 61.8.89470678E-mail: cmanolis@...
From: tomdacey@...: Tue, 12 Sep 2006 07:37:07 +0800To:
gwebb@..., cmanolis@...: Fwd: Recent findings Crocodilians 
in  KUTCH!!! Grahame & Charlie Do we have anyone who might be able to identify
this as a crocodile tooth? Tom Dear Tom Dacey,Here I forward a photograph of the
recent findings of tooth fossil. I wishyou help me to classify the fossil - I
doubt it for Crocodilian tooth withShark tooth. as we found in the area of
crocodilian fossil are.Thank you andregards to every one in crocodile division  
FROM YOURS Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group
OfINDIA.http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group\
/venustransit_2004/President:"Kutch Science Foundation".Founder :"Kutch Amateurs
Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".Life Member:"kutch Itihaas
Parishad".kutchscience@...,
kutchscience@...,http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.ya\
hoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp:\
//in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh\
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science
Groups of India.  From: "Tom Dacey" <tomdacey@...>To: "'Kutch Science
Foundation'" <kutchsciencefoundation@...>Sent: Wednesday, March 22, 2006
12:27 AMSubject: RE: Recent findings Crocodilians in KUTCH!!!Dear Dr. BhudiaThis
message was sent using MyMailDear Tom Dacey,Thank you and regards to every one
in crocodile division





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From: KutchScience
<http://uk.f267.mail.yahoo.com/ym/Compose?To=kutchscience@hotmail.com>
To: kutchScience
<http://uk.f267.mail.yahoo.com/ym/Compose?To=kutchScience@yahoogroups.co\
m>  ; scienceclubofindia
<http://uk.f267.mail.yahoo.com/ym/Compose?To=scienceclubofindia@yahoogro\
ups.co.in>  ; kachchh
<http://uk.f267.mail.yahoo.com/ym/Compose?To=kachchh@yahoogroups.co.in>
; bhuj
<http://uk.f267.mail.yahoo.com/ym/Compose?To=bhuj@yahoogroups.co.in>  ;
bhujkutch
<http://uk.f267.mail.yahoo.com/ym/Compose?To=bhujkutch@yahoogroups.co.in\
>  ;     Dear friends of scienec and astronomy,   Very important for the
Earth measurement (Measuring size -the Diameter of the EARTH)and
measuring the Latitude of the place where you are. as the Sun is on the
Equator of the Earth the SHADOW by the sundial gives you an angle of the
place where you make the experiment at the LOCAL NOON TIME (LOCAL 12PM)
of the place (not the IST time - except where the 82.5 longitude passes
through). ALSO very important for the finding the locations - places of
EQUATOR on the EARTH (NOTpassing through INDIA) but also helps to find
the tropic of CANCER (N 23.45) - passes through middle of INDIA from
middle of KUTCH to BANGOL. The place where the tropic of cance is
passing will give an angle of 23.45 degree on sun dial.    HAPPY EQUINOX
DAY to everyone of you.    FROM YOURS Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
<http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/>
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@...
<http://uk.f267.mail.yahoo.com/ym/Compose?To=kutchscience@yahoo.co.in> ,
kutchscience@...
<http://uk.f267.mail.yahoo.com/ym/Compose?To=kutchscience@hotmail.com> ,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/
<http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/>
http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
<http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience>
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
<http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000>
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
<http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia>
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
<http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience>
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh
<http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh>
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
<http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj>   Do visit our ABOVE
Clubs/Groups of Science Groups of India.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Dear friends of Science and astronomy,    The news published in
kutchmitra newspaper http://www.kutchmitradaily.com/
<http://www.kutchmitradaily.com/>  that Two days before metior fall in
little Rann of Kutch. But no photo or any more details so please get
more information with Pictures. The impect is 25 feet deeep  The size or
nature is not known. The impect site is Near Adesar of Kutch, Piparala
of Patan disstrict and Tikkar of Surendra Nagar District.

By yours Dr.H. H. BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
<http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/>
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@...
<http://uk.f267.mail.yahoo.com/ym/Compose?To=kutchscience@yahoo.co.in> ,
kutchscience@...
<http://uk.f267.mail.yahoo.com/ym/Compose?To=kutchscience@hotmail.com> ,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/
<http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/>
http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience/
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
<http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000>
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
<http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia>
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
<http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience>
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh
<http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh>
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
<http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj>   Please Do visi Science Groups
& Science Group of India


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Dear friends Of  Science, History, Geology and Geo-Archaeology,

Bharasar Harappan dam in Hills of Bharasar near Lanki (a natural
reservior by the Hilla of lamnki area)

Within the area is the ancient Harappan Dam of Bharasar, which is the
area of  the origin of the tributary of the river Zadko from the hills
of Khatrod Lanki  area near hills of Bharasar.

Originally, Haraappan Dam was 500 meter south. Actual overflow of the
water  from the dam was collected by a small reservoir near the old
Bharasar (Harrappam  time - 2000BC). It was called Bhara Sar, which
refers to Sarovar, suggesting a  lake was located there. Later, Maharao
shri Bharmalji resettled the Village, and  it was called a new name,
Bhara Sar.

Overflow of dam water from the reservoir was utilised for irrigation in
the  lower area by means of ground water channels cut in the stones of
the grounds.  When required, the necessary water was acquired from the
original dam above the  level of the big dam, the actual Harrappan dam.
which itself

Bharasar Harrapan dam from North side to south towards the hill area.
Where we can see area of big big reservoir and the line suggesting the
possible Harappan dam which joins the two natural hilly boundaries of
reservoir  suggestive of the possible dam in that area in the past
+2000BC.  (large file will be uploaded in ohoto folder  for detailed
view)



<http://uk.f267.mail.yahoo.com/ym/ShowLetter?box=Draft&MsgId=8236_338258\
0_16239_497_112609_0_11608_149474_1800044954&bodyPart=2&tnef=&YY=46986&y\
5beta=yes&y5beta=yes&order=down&sort=date&pos=0&VScan=1&Idx=0>


By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of  INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
<http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/>
President:"Kutch  Science Foundation".
Founder  :"Kutch  Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas  Parishad".
kutchscience@... <mailto:kutchscience@...> ,
kutchscience@... <mailto:kutchscience@...> ,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/
<http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/>
<http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience>
http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
<http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience> /
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
<http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000>
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
<../../../../../scienceclubofindia>
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
<../../../../../kutchscience>
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh <../../../../../kachchh>
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj <../../../../../bhuj>     Please
Do  visi Science Groups &  Science Group of  India


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Scientist succeeded to convince the central government  and Gujarat
government to identify the reality and necessity to protect and reserve
for geological research

Dear friends of Science and Geo-science,

Sub:- Scientist succeeded to convince the central government  and
Gujarat  government to identify the reality and necessity to protect and
reserve for geological research  @
http://www.kutchmitradaily.com/news.aspx
javascript:newWin('ndetail.aspx?id=7213')

At last we got success to protect the geological treasure of kutch which
we are trying to protect and reserve for research since last 7years.
though Local government and Gujarat government geology department could
not succeed to do so and local public leaders failed to identify the
reality and necessity despite the presentation and writing  to them and
local news and ETV news.
Scientist succeeded to convince the central government  and Gujarat
government to do so.

225 Reservation of the treasured land area of fossils of KUTCH for the
Geological research interest of the University of KUTCH.
... from EAST - WEST (Kukma, LAHER to LANKI - BHARASAR) covering
mountain range of the area of the following - LAHER, GANGESHWAR -
Gunavari River area, Tapkeshwar and JADURA mountain area, Bharapar
sanatorium and SADATA, Bharasar and LANKI mountain area. Amongst ...

Copy of letters :
To: Department Of geology & Education

The Government of Gujarat State,

Gujarat - I N D I A

Dt. 15August 2005.

From: "Kutch Science Foundation".
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".

Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/
<http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/>

http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
<http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience>
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
<http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience>


Subject: Reservation of the treasured land area of fossils of KUTCH for
the
Geological research interest of the University of KUTCH.

Dear Sir/Madam,
Kutch is very rich area of geological science, not only for the minerals
of the
land but also the fossil rich area of KUTCH gives name as "GOLD MINE OF
GEOLOGY". 80% of the types of known fossil types of the world are
available only
in KUTCH and also very rare type of soft body fossils are also available
in some
of the following fossil rich area.
Our observations suggested that if such areas are not protected than
some trader
mentality people will steel those and vandals will destroy such treasure
which
are useful for the research work of the geology and kutch University
will loose
such a treasure of the educational interest.

So we request the government and the concerned geological departments to
take an
appropriate earliest action to reserve such an area mentioned below for
the
purpose of the Kutch university geological research purpose.

As Balasinor is decided as a fossil reserved area for the dinosaurs'
fossil
land, Kutch has multiple varieties of fossils along with rare type of
fossils
and those needs protection from steeling mentality traders and vandals.

Area of the RANN of the Kutch (also area near ANJAR - Kutch) known for
dinosaurs' fossil is under the Military and BSF protection from such
traders and
vandals but following area needs the further protection as reserved
fossil land.

Areas covered for the reservations:

Area of the KHATROL range of the mountain 5 Km south of BHUJ extending
from EAST
- WEST (Kukma, LAHER to LANKI - BHARASAR) covering mountain range of the
area of
the following - LAHER, GANGESHWAR - Gunavari River area, Tapkeshwar and
JADURA
mountain area, Bharapar sanatorium and SADATA, Bharasar and LANKI
mountain area.

Amongst those the Gangeshwar mountain area and Gunavari River area is
very rich
with millions of fossils of variety of types of fossils including the
rare
variety of the soft body marine fossils. So it needs particularly an
attention
to protect it with an earliest action by the Government of the GUJARAT
state.

Types of the fossils available in the area:



Marine fossils : multiple varieties of ammonites and other cephalopods
soft body
fossils. Eg. Octopus soft body fossils.



Belemnites,

Fish and jelly fish fossils,

Turtles and Turtle egg Fossils,

Crocodilians,

Sea shells - Shankhs and chips,

Coral and coral rift fossils,

+ wood fossils and Grass and vegetation fossils,

Pre Jurassic Egg hatcheries.

353 Proposed Research project for a 15 km long Volcanic dykes of
gangeshwar dome area in the KHATROL range hills of KUTCH.
... 15 KM long volcanic dyke is visible naked and on satellite view,
extending from the Tapkeshwari hill across the Gangeshwar and Gunawari
river region to Reha Chakar area. We can visualise 3-4 major
displacement along the Volcanic dyke area as a sign of major tectonic
...

Dear friends of Kutch, Geology, Science and History,
Proposed Research project for a 15 km long Volcanic dykes of gangeshwar
dome
area in the KHATROL range hills of KUTCH.

Looking back to the geological history of the KUTCH after the uplift of
the land
of the Khatrol hills from the sea bed (fossils of Ammonites and
belemnites) the
khatrol range around the Gangeshwar dome is further lifted by the
volcanic
uplift to form the Gangeshwar dome area. present time a 15 KM long
volcanic dyke
is visible naked and on satellite view, extending from the Tapkeshwari
hill
across the Gangeshwar and Gunawari river region to Reha Chakar area. We
can
visualise 3-4 major displacement along the Volcanic dyke area as a sign
of major
tectonic activity later on not only that but a collapse of mountain hill
area on
the NE side of the dyke as seen in photographs. Recently Gujarat
university is
ready to accept a PHD report on the subject of Ground research of the
Dyke area
of Gangeshwar - Gunawari region of the Khatrol range hills of KUTCH.



15 km long Volcanic dykes of gangeshwar dome area in the KHATROL range
hills of
KUTCH & a collapse of mountain hill area on the NE side of the dyke


Collapse of mountain hill side on the NE side of the dyke as seen in
photographs. Volcanic dykes of gangeshwar dome area in the KHATROL range
hills
of KUTCH

Collapse of mountain hill side on the NE side of the dyke as seen in
satellite
view. Volcanic dykes of gangeshwar dome area in the KHATROL range hills
of KUTCH
Below 15 km long Volcanic dykes of gangeshwar dome area in the KHATROL
range
hills of KUTCH as seen in satellite view




FROM YOURS Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
<http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/>
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/
<http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/>
http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
<http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience>
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
<http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000>
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
<http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia>
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
<http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience>
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh
<http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh>
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
<http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj>

Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science Groups of India.



[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Dear Geologist members,
I send you the correspondence with Dr akhilesh kulshrestha. I will not be able
to attend that as I will be away during that period, If our geologist from our
team is happy to present papers then I can send all required details of the work
carried out. If our geologist are happy to do the paper work and presentation. I
wish the presentation is done by our geologist from our team and by our team
work. (geologist) please let me know of the outcome and the interest, thank you.
From  YOURS Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of
INDIA.http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/President:"Kutch
Science Foundation".Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj -
Kutch".Life Member:kutch Itihaas Parishad.kutchscience@...,
kutchscience@...,http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geoc\
ities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups\
.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience\
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhujDo
visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science Groups of India.




akhilesh kulshrestha (akkulshrestha100@...)

To:
kutchsciencefoundation@...

Subject:
Thanks


Dr BhudiaKutch Science Foundation Dear  Dr. Bhudia, Thank you Sir. Please send
us ABSTRACT of the work done by members of your Foundation (through your team),
by email. It will save time. I know your team of Geologist/Earth Scientists have
done great job and have produced commendable work in Kutch. The ABSTRACTS, 
incorporating the main results of the work, may kindly be sent before February
25, 2007. With kind regards, Yours sincerely, A.K. KulshresthaTo,Dear Dr. A.K.
KulshresthaDepartment of GeologyUniversity of LucknowI am very much pleased to
get your invitations to present papers for geology work done by our Kutch
Science Foundation and our team of geologists. Presently I am out of country and
will remain for some time. I will contact our team of geologist to prepare the
paper work for the presentation to hand over to you or will send by email Thank
you again for mail invitation for presentationFrom  YOURS Dr.BHUDIA-Science
Group Of
INDIA.http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/President:"Kutch
Science Foundation".Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj -
Kutch".Life Member:kutch Itihaas Parishad.kutchscience@...,
kutchscience@...,http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geoc\
ities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups\
.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience\
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhujDo
visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science Groups of India.akhilesh kulshrestha
(akkulshrestha100@...)

To:
KutchScienceFoundation@...

Cc:
kutchScience@yahoogroups.com; scienceclubofindia@...;
kachchh@...; bhuj@...; bhujkutch@...



Subject:
Nat. Conf. RS & Surface Processes

Attachments:

NAT_CONF_REMOTE_SEN.doc (149.8 KB)








To,Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIAPresident:"Kutch Science Foundation".  Dear
Dr. Bhudia, The Centre of Advanced Study in Geology, University of Lucknow is
organising a National Conference on Remote Sensing and Surface Processes on
March 10-11, 2007. I feel that Kutch Science Foundation has done great job in
Geoscience through the foundation. On behalf of our department and my own, I
invite you to present a paper in the conference on an appropriate theme. You are
also requested to kindly send your ABSTRACT  at your earliest convenience. YOU
ARE ALSO REQUESTED KINDLY TO FORWARD THE INFORMATION AND THE ATTACHED CIRCULAR
TO OTHER MEMBERS OF THE FOUNDATION FOR INFORMATION,  so that interested
scientists may also communicate their papers to us for presentation in the
conference. Thanking you, Yours sincerely, Dr. A.K. KulshresthaDepartment of
GeologyUniversity of Lucknow
_________________________________________________________________
Live Search: Better results, fast
http://get.live.com/search/overview

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Dear Dr. A.K. KulshresthaDepartment of GeologyUniversity of LucknowI am very
much pleased to get your invitations to present papers for geology work done by
our Kutch Science Foundation and our team of geologists. Presently I am out of
country and will remain for some time. I will contact our team of geologist to
prepare the paper work for the presentation to hand over to you or will send by
email Thank you again for mail invitation for presentationFrom  YOURS
Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of
INDIA.http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/President:"Kutch
Science Foundation".Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj -
Kutch".Life Member:kutch Itihaas Parishad.kutchscience@...,
kutchscience@...,http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geoc\
ities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups\
.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience\
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhujDo
visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science Groups of India.akhilesh kulshrestha
(akkulshrestha100@...)

To:
KutchScienceFoundation@...

Cc:
kutchScience@yahoogroups.com; scienceclubofindia@...;
kachchh@...; bhuj@...; bhujkutch@...

Subject:
Nat. Conf. RS & Surface Processes

Attachments:
NAT_CONF_REMOTE_SEN.doc (149.8 KB)








To,Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIAPresident:"Kutch Science Foundation".  Dear
Dr. Bhudia, The Centre of Advanced Study in Geology, University of Lucknow is
organising a National Conference on Remote Sensing and Surface Processes on
March 10-11, 2007. I feel that Kutch Science Foundation has done great job in
Geoscience through the foundation. On behalf of our department and my own, I
invite you to present a paper in the conference on an appropriate theme. You are
also requested to kindly send your ABSTRACT  at your earliest convenience. YOU
ARE ALSO REQUESTED KINDLY TO FORWARD THE INFORMATION AND THE ATTACHED CIRCULAR
TO OTHER MEMBERS OF THE FOUNDATION FOR INFORMATION,  so that interested
scientists may also communicate their papers to us for presentation in the
conference. Thanking you, Yours sincerely, Dr. A.K. KulshresthaDepartment of
GeologyUniversity of Lucknow
_________________________________________________________________
Live Search: New search found
http://get.live.com/search/overview

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

akhilesh kulshrestha (akkulshrestha100@...)

To:
KutchScienceFoundation@...

Cc:
kutchScience@yahoogroups.com; scienceclubofindia@...;
kachchh@...; bhuj@...; bhujkutch@...

Subject:
Nat. Conf. RS & Surface Processes

Attachments:
NAT_CONF_REMOTE_SEN.doc (149.8 KB)









To,Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIAPresident:"Kutch Science Foundation".  Dear
Dr. Bhudia, The Centre of Advanced Study in Geology, University of Lucknow is
organising a National Conference on Remote Sensing and Surface Processes on
March 10-11, 2007. I feel that Kutch Science Foundation has done great job in
Geoscience through the foundation. On behalf of our department and my own, I
invite you to present a paper in the conference on an appropriate theme. You are
also requested to kindly send your ABSTRACT  at your earliest convenience. YOU
ARE ALSO REQUESTED KINDLY TO FORWARD THE INFORMATION AND THE ATTACHED CIRCULAR
TO OTHER MEMBERS OF THE FOUNDATION FOR INFORMATION,  so that interested
scientists may also communicate their papers to us for presentation in the
conference. Thanking you, Yours sincerely, Dr. A.K. KulshresthaDepartment of
GeologyUniversity of Lucknow
_________________________________________________________________
Get the new Windows Live Messenger!
http://get.live.com/messenger/overview

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

From: KutchScience Foundation

Sent: Wednesday, January 17, 2007 12:25 PM
Subject: The Bhuj Story ( After The Quake ) The Bhuj Story ( After The Quake )


Hello Friends of Geology and Science ,

I was sent message for the following book  The Bhuj Story ( After The Quake ) 
so has anybody seen or read that book ?


yours BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/  http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience/
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science, Science Group of India
      The Bhuj Story ( After The Quake )
                   by Sanwal, Rishi Mohan;  (Author)

                     List Price  : Rs.   60.00   (Special Indian Price)
                         Our Price : Rs.   60.00


                          Shopping at Firstandsecond.com is 100% secure, safe and
guaranteed.


                        Generally dispatched in 3 days.
                   (You can always remove it later if you change your mind)




         Book Details...
              ISBN: 8123011830
             Edition: Paperback(Special Indian Edition)
             Publisher: Ministry of Information and Broadcasting Government of
India (Published: 2005)




[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Dear Friends,

Wish you all a very happy MAKAR SANKRANTI

Dear friends of science and archaeology,

Indus: The Unvoiced Civilization  - Do not forget to see Dholavira science of
Ancient architect of the irrigation engineering



Series:
Messages From the Past

Description:
Shrouded in mystery, the details of the Indus Valley civilization are slowly
being extracted from the archaeological record. In this program, Richard Meadow,
of Harvard University; R. S. Bisht, of the Archaeological Survey of India;
linguist Asko H. S. Parpola; and other experts investigate the language,
customs, and beliefs of the inhabitants of Mohenjo-daro, Harappa, Dholavira, and
Kalibangan. Satellite photos, maps, relics, and an extraordinary 3-D computer
re-creation of Dholavira and its water management system shed light on topics
including the enigmatic Sarasvati River and Indus Valley links to Bahrain and
faraway Mesopotamia. (59 minutes, color)

Date:
2000

Subject:
Social Studies

Length:
59 mins

Copyright:
Films for the Humanities & Sciences
View Video Download Video  [218.80 Mb]   (right-click link and select "save
target as" to download)   Videos can be viewed with the free RealPlayer from
http://www.real.com   (A security vulnerability exists in all versions of
RealPlayer prior to April 19, 2005. Please see RealMedia's security advisory and
contact your local technical support for assistance.)
To bookmark this page use: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/dmc/video/2790702

Forwarded by Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of
INDIA.http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/President:"Kutch
Science Foundation".Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj -
Kutch".Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".kutchscience@...,
kutchscience@...,http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/
http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000h\
ttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/gro\
up/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.co\
m/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, ScienceGroup of India.
_________________________________________________________________
Be one of the first to try Windows Live Mail.
http://ideas.live.com/programpage.aspx?versionId=5d21c51a-b161-4314-9b0e-4911fb2\
b2e6d

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Dear friends of Maths, Science and Vedics,

Every thing is very regular and rhythmic on the Earth and universe –
Multiverse in the Space and so the earth and the life on the Earth has
survived so long and will survive so long till the Earth and the Sun
will survive in the Space.



Nothing dangerous is happening so quickly (every alternate years or so)
on the Earth eg – weather destruction , volcanic  , tectonic  or
Tsunami which can create such a destruction to destroy the life on the
Earth so need not to be worried of every alternate years and so nothing
to bother of years in series of 2, 4, 6, 8, ….2N.XN  and so on  But
still is happening very rhythmic and regularly

Let us take an example – say if the weather destruction patterns is
destroying every few years than it may happen in series of  1w, 2w, 3w,
…. Xw and so on. Though we need to keep long records of the weather
pattern . eg CO2 records, temperature highs, freezing earth , etc

Similarly earth quake patterns may be in series of multiples f some
numbers according to study and predictions that the earthquake id
overdue and can happen any time in Tibetan plate. But do not know when.
The Earth quake in Anjar happened in 1956 and followed in the region in
2001 with a rhythmicity of multiples of the 45 years which is again a
multiples of 5x9 series . But we do not have complete record of such in
the region but 1819 earthquake  was approximately about 3X45=135 years
back (1956-1819=137)

So the series may be in the patterns of like this   - 1Eq , 2Eq 3Eq
….XEq and so on .

Similarly Volcanic patterns may be like this pattern – 1Vo , 2Vo 3Vo
….XVo and so on .

Similarly Tsunami patterns may be like this pattern – 1St , 2St 3St
….XSt and so on

Those mathematical series patterns gives us figures of multiples of the
some digit numbers means NONE of those patterns have the Prime numbers
in those series patterns.

Similar way the Space patterns are also happening very regularly in the
series patterns eg meteor showers, So the series may be in the patterns
of like this   - 1Me , 2Me 3Me ….XMe and so on.

Asteroid impact is also regular eg destructions of the Dino. In KT
period at about 65 mn years interval and so geological period are also
showing this pattern of the 65mn , 130mn and 195mn years pattern, let us
say in the form of KT period follows in the series of  So the series may
be in the patterns of like this   - 1KT , 2KT 3KT ….XKT and so on
and or is due any time ?

So what is the importance of the series of multiplications of the
different time patterns? Series do not have the PRIME NUMBERS but itself
can form the series of its own. So prime numbers time interval is the
survival time from any such natural disastrous and space destruction
time patterns. So as to survive the life on the Earth and the Earth in
the Space.

Lets have the look at the planetary aspects of the major planets and
influence believed in astrology but in the form of astronomical data.
Jupiter time interval is 12 years and Rahu Ketu – crossing points in
space planes of the planetary orbits. Which is 18 years and patterns of
Saturn is 30 years. All have one common number component of the 6 and we
break that is the multiple of two smallest consecutive prime numbers. eg
2x3=6. – but the series formed by the no 6 has none of the prime
number in the series.

If any one believes in that respect or not that's not a matter but
mathematical series do say the rhythmical – and prime numbers are
never encountered in those series.

There are more strange about the number of six which man believes or not
does not make any difference to the mathematics. And 6 is a special
pattern of  the series in planetary aspects and much more and so net
prime number is 7 to form the week – 7 days of the week.

Let us study the numbers 6 and so we can take in to consideration of no
6 importance over and above the planetary aspects and days of the week
and 2x3=6 multiple of the of two smallest consecutive prime numbers

Many do not consider 6 as a happy number and if we give that number to
any one may be unhappy as with number 13 though is the prime number.

6= 2x3 (six has characteristic of its component 2 as a perfect digit)

Six includes 2 so include all characteristics of divided by two. As in
the series numbers are multiples of 2.  and also as the six has
component 3 which is part of digit 9 as well (3x3=9) so as to give the
characteristic of max digit 9 and its series. And power of 3s gives that
characteristic to six as being that's component.

Six has 1, 2, 3, as their part 1x2x3=6 and inverse of 1/1 +1/2+1/3+1/6=
2 gives its characteristic of its component digit 2.

Powers ot six eg square of 6=36 and onwards , 3=6=9 max digit character
because of its component 3 , 6x6x6 = 216 , 2+1+6=9.

Thus six gives characteristic of both of its component 2 and 3 so in the
form of the mixture of both of its components characteristics as 2s and
3s like as the ARDH NARISHWAR SHIVE FORM.

Also all the prime numbers follows one pattern related to six that
either prime number +1/or -1 makes them multiple of six as P+_1=N6 eg
7-1=6 , 13-1= 2x6 , 97-1=16x6, 73-1=6x12, and also 71+1 =6x12. also
1291-1= 6x215 and 1361=1 =227x6.

To avoid the frequency of the destructive events and the planetary
aspects of six and its series and also multiple of next prime number 7
series –The Prime number itself has the advantage of the survival
and the regeneration intervals.

Let us see now the statistical part of the chances of the  frequency of
the meteor/asteroid impact to the Earth to destroy the life on the
Earth.

Most studies has suggests that the chances of the destruction of the
life on the Earth by the impact of the meteor/asteroid is just a 1% in
50 centuries so as a 1% in 5000 years and so approximately 500 000 years
life on the Earth will have drastic impact. But that's a just
approximate not accurately.

Now lets have a look to the Mathematical and science part of the
Vedic's. Smallest time interval for life destruction is given in the
form of KALIYUGA as a 432000 years which is more accurately figured than
rounded figure of 500 000 years.

Now MahaYuga is 10time of KALIYUGA as a 432 000 which is 432 0000 years.
And if we make a mathematical series of such Mahayugas it will be as
1MY, 2 MY 3 MY …NxMY and so on.

Hear 15MY = 15 x 432 0000 =648 00000 =64.8Mn years which is more
accurately close to the KT period series of 65mn approximate years of KT
boundary period.

The Geological time interval of such approximate 65mn years of the KT
periods also has the series, pattern of the 65mn , 130mn and 195mn
years. this patterns may form the series of  - 1KT , 2KT 3KT ….XKT
and so on but will avoid the PRIME numbers to destroy the life totally
and will allow the life to regenerate and survival of the some form of
the life on the Earth from all forms of the disasters on the Earth and
from the space as well.

So the regeneration of the life should follow the period of Prime
numbers interval and that has been explained in the mathematical form of
MANAVANTAR – WHICH IS IN THE FORM OF SUCH MAHAYUGAS OF 71 Mahayuga =
1MANU – Manvantar period.

Eg as per Vedas life on the earth is expected to last further 2.16 bn
years as an Andromeda galaxy will collide with our milky way to generate
billions degree temperature to make destruction and regenerations of new
stars and galaxy formations. (this period will be NxKT periods of
intervals as all manvantar period finish at this stage and these are
multiples of KT period intervals as stated before).

So the remaining period of 2.16Bn years are divided in 500 mahayugas and
that's divided to 7 manavantar periods of 71 mahayugas. (past period
not counted) as a whole period of 4.32Bn years are divided in 1000
mahayugas and that's divided to 14 manavantar periods of 71
mahayugas.

Here 71 Mahayuga period is Prime number period to avoid all events of 2,
3, 5, 6, 7 and all KT period intervals of 15 Mahaygas as explained
before as well as series of planetary aspects of multiples of six and
its series and also that of 7 next prime numbers series.

Trigonometry and Pythagoras:  Prime numbers has also rules of Pythagoras
formation and only prime numbers can do that and none of the others.

Eg triangles of the sides with prime number dimension only can form new
form of  the rectangular triangle . see following examples and carry on
forward to find new.

4, 5 and 3 (P)

12, 13 and 5 (P)

24, 25 and 7 (P)

60, 61 and 11 (P)

84, 85 and 13 (P)

94, 95 and 17 (P)

X=?, Y=? and 19 (P)

Similarly Coding and decoding in the Deciphering process of the secrete
codes and internet security  and hacking security all involves the PRIME
Numbers in bigger and multiple forms. eg

1757051 = 1291 prime number key 1(prime KEY P) and  x 1361(prime KEY q)
Prime number key 2 and that's locks the key functions as security in
transactions and security processes

Video  demonstration of the experiments of 4  hours in five lecture
series of University of  Oxford - academic to explain the mysteries of
the world of numbers-  are available from the oxford University
departments of maths,

By  YOURS Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
<http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/>
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
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Mountain range spotted on Titan

   [0]    [0]
<http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/06/sci_nat_enl_1166000943\
/html/1.stm>  Titan's Sierras are the biggest mountains yet seen on the
moon [0]
   [0] More details
The Cassini spacecraft has spied the tallest mountains yet seen on
Titan, Saturn's major moon.
The range is about 150km long (93 miles), 30km (19 miles) wide and about
1.5km (nearly a mile) high.
The feature was identified by the probe on a recent pass, using a
combination of radar and infrared data.
Dr Bob Brown, one of the scientists behind the discovery, said it
reminded him of the Sierra Nevada mountains in the western US.
"One could call them Titan's Sierras," the University of Arizona-Tucson
researcher added.
The mountains lie south of the equator. Scientists told the American
Geophysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting that the range was probably as hard
as rock, but made of icy materials.
The mountains appear to be coated with layers of organic, or
carbon-rich, material. This could be methane "snow".
Impact story
Titan is smothered in a thick photochemical haze, so Cassini must use
instruments other than its optical camera system to see features such as
these mountains.
Dr Brown, who leads Cassini's Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer
(Vims) team, said a theory was now emerging to explain how the range
formed.
   [0]     [http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/img/v3/start_quote_rb.gif]
You can think of Titan as the Earth in deep freeze
[http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/img/v3/end_quote_rb.gif]
Dr Rosaly Lopes, Nasa JPLIt was likely they grew as material welled up
from below to fill the gaps opened when tectonic plates pulled apart, he
explained. This is similar to the way mid-ocean ridges are formed on
Earth today.
Dr Brown said the mountains were close to a circular feature which might
be an ancient impact basin. He speculated that it was possible a space
collision in Titan's past had kicked off the whole process.
"The energy released in the impact was probably large enough for the
impactor to punch through the crust of Titan which then caused tectonic
disruption in the area, and that these [mountains] occurred some time
afterwards.
"If there is anything to this idea, if this is an impact basin, we ought
to see something exactly opposite in the geology on the other side of
Titan at what we call the antipode; and we haven't seen that yet."
Like Earth
Close to the mountains, Cassini's instruments also detect clouds. It is
probable these are forming when the atmosphere is pushed over the
elevated region by winds.
The spacecraft's flyby on 25 October has obtained a wealth of new data.
As well as the mountains and clouds, the probe saw more detail in the
great dune fields that cover the world and spotted what appears to be an
icy volcanic flow.
   [Cassini]   Cassini has been investigating Saturn and its moons since
2004Scientists are fascinated by Titan because its chemistry may tell
them something about the early Earth.
From the few impact craters seen on the surface, scientists know it must
be a very active world. There are channels that are probably being
carved by liquid methane; it has volcanoes that spew ices; winds are
eroding features and depositing material in distant locations.
"You can think of Titan as the Earth in deep freeze," said Dr Rosaly
Lopes, Cassini radar team member at the US space agency's Jet Propulsion
Laboratory.
"It has a lot of the geological processes that Earth has. In fact, it is
more Earth-like than anywhere else in the Solar System. But the surface
is very cold; it's about minus 178C."
Becoming clearer
British scientist Professor John Zarnecki was a principal investigator
on the Huygens lander which Cassini put on Titan in January 2005.
He said the moon continued to amaze.
"It is incredible to think that all those kilometres away there is a
moon which contains so many similar geographical features to those found
here on Earth.
"Huygens gave us a panoramic snapshot of the surface of Titan which we
continue to anaylse. When coupled with the results from Cassini's flybys
of Titan, we are really beginning to build up a detailed picture of the
make-up of this intriguing moon."
Cassini-Huygens entered into orbit around Saturn on 1 July 2004. The
mission is a co-operative project of Nasa, the European Space Agency
(Esa) and the Italian Space Agency



[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Dear friends Of Science and Astronomy,

Water flowed 'recently' on Mars : Nasa says it has found "compelling" evidence
that liquid water flowed recently on the surface of Mars.

Gullies like this could have been cut by water, Nasa says
The finding adds further weight to the idea that Mars might harbour the right
conditions for life. The appearance of gullies, revealed in orbital images from
a Nasa probe, suggests that water could have flowed on the surface in the last
few years. But some scientists think these fresh gullies could also have been
cut by liquid carbon dioxide (CO2). The latest research emerged when Nasa's Mars
Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft spotted gullies and trenches that scientists
believed were geologically young and carved by fast-moving water coursing down
cliffs and steep crater walls. Scientists at the San Diego-based Malin Space
Science Systems, who operate a camera aboard MGS decided to retake photos of
thousands of gullies in search of evidence for recent water activity. Two
gullies that were originally photographed in 1999 and 2001, and imaged again in
2004 and 2005, showed changes consistent with water flowing down the crater
walls, according to the study. In both cases, scientists found bright,
light-coloured deposits in the gullies that were not present in the original
photos. They concluded that the deposits - possibly mud, salt or frost - were
left there when water recently cascaded through the channels. Other scientists
think it possible that gullies like this were caused not by water but by liquid
carbon dioxide. One of the reasons for favouring CO2 was that computer models of
the Martian crust indicated water could exist only at depths of several
kilometres. Liquid carbon dioxide, on the other hand, could persist much nearer
the surface where temperatures can drop as low as -107C.

Prospects for life


  We're now realising Mars is more active than we previously thought, and that
the mid-latitude section seems to be where all the action is Phil Christensen,
Arizona State University
Oded Aharonson, an assistant professor of planetary science at the California
Institute of Technology (Caltech) said that while the interpretation of recent
water activity on Mars was "compelling," it was just one possible explanation.
Aharonson said further study was needed to determine whether the deposits could
have been left there by the flow of dust rather than water. Deciding what was
responsible for the features is a pressing question that has important
consequences for the likelihood of life on Mars. Scientists have proposed that
reservoirs of liquid water could exist beneath the Martian surface, providing a
habitat for microbial life. "This underscores the importance of searching for
life on Mars, either present or past," said Bruce Jakosky, an astrobiologist at
the University of Colorado at Boulder, who had no role in the study. "It's one
more reason to think that life could be there." Mars Global Surveyor abruptly
lost radio contact with Earth last month. Attempts to locate the spacecraft,
which has mapped the Red Planet since 1996, have failed, and scientists fear it
is lost. Nasa's Mars rovers, which landed in 2004, have sent scientists back
equally strong evidence that liquid water flowed on the surface in ancient
times, based on observations of alterations in ancient rocks. "We're now
realising Mars is more active than we previously thought, and that the
mid-latitude section seems to be where all the action is," said Arizona State
University scientist Phil Christensen, who was not part of the current research.


Forwarded By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
  http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/ http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
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Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science Group of
India.


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Dear friends of Archaeology and science,

Archaeologists are attracted to the places of the name with Kotada - kotadi, 
There are about more than hundred archaeological sites in Kutch (Harappan /
Indus / sarasvati ). amongst Dholavira and Kuran Moti are well-known and some
are Khedoi , Lakhapar and kali Ramvav near RAMVAV in Rapar. Jhura Kotadi,
Meghpar GadhWARI wadi, Sukhpar Bajariyo nearZadko - Zadki, Surkotada ,
MadKotada, RaparGADH, and so ....on. archaeologists are attracted to the places
of the name with Kotada - kotadi eithet it may be a Kotada - kotadi of Dholavira
or kotada jadodar,Kotada bhadli, Kotada sangani, kotada Roha, Kotada Bhadli,
Kotada mad, Kotada chakar or any kotada/ kotadi and also to the GADH eg GADHWARI
WADI, Bajario GADH, Bajariyu Gaam.

LIST OF SITES OF SARASVATI CIVILIZATION of KUTCH
SITE                 DISTRICT         SIZE             PERIODS
COORD.             COORD.                     BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bhachau           Kutch                                Medieval
IAR 1985-86: 17
Chitrod             Kutch                                Mature Harappan
23 24 00 N          70 40 00 E                   IAR 1977-78: 20     Joshi et al
1984: 529

Desalpur           Kutch             1.3             Early Historic Mature
Harappan                    23 37 00 N         69 08 00E                     IAR
1955-56: 69-70 Rao 1963a: 188, 205

Dholavira         Kutch               60             Mature Harappan
23 53 10 N         70 13 00 E                     IAR 1967-68: 17 Amri-Nal
Possehl 1980: 97 Joshi et al 1984: 529 Bisht 1989, 1991

Gadhwaliwadi  Kutch                               Mature Harappan
23 30 00 N         69 08 00 E                     IAR 1976-77: 74 IAR 1978-79:
94  Joshi et al 1984: 529

Mochirai Zadko  Kutch                              Mature Harappan
23 13 00 N         69 37 00 E

BHARASAR dam Kutch                             Mature Harappan
23 10 00 N         69 34 00 E

Zura Kotadi      Kutch                               Mature Harappan
23 24 00 N         69 36 00 E

Gameri             Kutch                              Medieva Post-urban
Harappanl
IAR 1985-86: 17

Gunthai             Kutch                             Mature Harappan
23 28 00 N         69 09 00 E                     Possehl 1980: 98 Joshi et al
1984: 529

Jagaroh             Kutch                             Medieval Post-urban
Harappan                    23 21 00 N         70 11 00 E                    
IAR 1986-87: 29

Jatavadar         Kutch                             Mature Harappan
23 45 00 N             70 40 00 E                   Joshi et al 1984: 529

JataVira           Kutch                              Mature Harappan
23 27 00 N             69 15 00 E

LAKHIYAVIRA        Kutch                        Mature Harappan
23 22 00 N             69 20 00 E

Kotay(Koteshwar)      Kutch                        Mature Harappan
23 23 00 N             69 48 00 E

Jhangar Anjar          Kutch         8           Mature Harappan
23 19 00 N             70 05 00 E                 IAR 1965-66: 14 Possehl 1980:
100 Joshi et al 1984: 528 Joshi 1990b: 418

Jhangar Khavada     Kutch                     Mature Harappan
23 53 00 N                 69 44 00 E              Chitalwala 1985: key fig. 8

Juna Chopadwa     Kutch                     Mature Harappan
23 16 00 N 70 15 00 E                                 IAR 1986-87: 29

Kanmer             Kutch                         Medieval Mature Harappan
IAR 1985-86: 19

Kanthkot             Kutch                         Mature Harappan
23 29 00 N                 70 29 00 E                 IAR 1967-68: 17 Possehl
1980: 102 Joshi et al 1984: 529

Katasar             Kutch                         Late Sorath Harappan
23 34 00 N                70 29 00 E                 Rao 1963a: 188, 206 Possehl
1980: 102 Joshi et al 1984: 528

Kerasi             Kutch         30.5           Mature Harappan
23 40 00 N                 70 44 00 E                 IAR 1965-66: 12 Possehl
1980: 102 Joshi et al 1984: 529 Joshi 1990: 412

Khakhra Dera     Kutch                       Mature Harappan
23 34 00 N                 70 29 00 E                 IAR 1960-61: 8 Possehl
1980: 103 Joshi et al 1984: 529

Khandariya     Kutch                         Late Medieval Mature Harappan
IAR 1985-86: 19

Kharika Khanda     Kutch                     Mature Harappan
23 27 00 N                 70 19 00 E                 IAR 1965-66: 14 Possehl
1980: 105 Joshi et al 1984: 529

Khavda         Kutch                         Mature Harappan
IAR 1977-78: 20

Khedoi         Kutch                         Mature Harappan
23 03 00 N                 69 57 00 E                 IAR 1970: 13   Microliths
IAR 1976-77: 15  Joshi et al 1984: 529

Kotada Bhadli One     Kutch     3         Lustrous Red Ware Mature Harappan
23 22 00 N                 69 26 00 E                 IAR 1965-66: 14-6  Possehl
1980: 105 Joshi et al 1984: 529

Kotada Bhadli Three  Kutch             Mature Harappan
23 22 00 N                 69 26 00 E                 IAR 1965-66: 14-6 Possehl
1980: 105

Kotada Bhadli Two     Kutch     8         Mature Harappan
23 22 00 N                     69 26 00 E                IAR 1965-66: 14-6
Possehl 1980: 105  Joshi et al 1984: 529

Kotada Kutch             Kutch             Lustrous Red Ware
23 18 00 N                     70 06 00 E               Possehl 1980: 106 
Mature Harappan Joshi et al 1984: 529

Kotahra             Kutch                      Mature Harappan
IAR 1977-78: 20

Kateshwar (Lakhpat)    Kutch          Mature Harappan
23 46 00 N             68 52 00 E

Kotara              Kutch                     Mature Harappan
23 58 00 N                   69 47 00 E                 IAR 1967-68: 17 Possehl
1980: 106 Joshi et al 1984: 529

Lodai             Kutch                     Mature Harappan Post-urban Harappan
IAR 1955-56: 69-70

Lakhasar One     Kutch                 Mature Harappan
23 14 00 N                         70 41 00 E             IAR 1986-87: 29

Lakhasar Two     Kutch                 Mature Harappan
23 14 00 N                         70 41 00 E             IAR 1986-87: 29

Lakhpar             Kutch         8         Mature Harappan
23 33 00 N                         70 28 00 E             IAR 1965-66: 16
Possehl 1980: 107 Joshi et al 1984: 529 Joshi 1990b: 418

Lakhpat             Kutch                 Mature Harappan
23 50 00 N                         68 47 00 E                 IAR 1960-61: 8
Possehl 1980: 108

Luna                 Kutch                 Mature Harappan
23 40 00 N                         69 15 00 E                 Rao 1963a: 206
Possehl 1980: 108 Joshi et al 1984: 528

Luna Mandvi     Kutch Mature Harappan
22 50 00 N                         69 24 00 E                 Possehl 1980: 108
Joshi et al 1984: 528

Rayan Juni Mandvi     Kutch         Mature Harappan
22 52 00 N                         69 21 00 E                 Possehl 1980: 108
Joshi et al 1984: 528

Mandriyara Mohra     Kutch         Medieval Mature Harappan
23 30 00 N                     70 16 00 E                     IAR 1986-87: 29

Meghper             Kutch                 Mature Harappan
IAR 1980-81: 10

Morvo             Kutch                     Mature Harappan
23 50 00 N                         70 42 00 E                      IAR 1967-68:
17 Joshi 1972: 114 Possehl 1980: 110 Joshi et al 1984: 529

Mulu             Kutch                     Mature Harappan
IAR 1979-80: 17

Narapa             Kutch                 Mature Harappan
23 29 00 N                         69 09 00 E                         IAR
1967-68: 17 Possehl 1980: 110 Joshi et al 1984: 529

Nadapa Caves    Kutch               Mature Harappan
23 19 00 N                         69 55 00 E

Navinal             Kutch                 Mature Harappan
22 50 00 N                         69 35 00 E                         Rao 1963a:
206 Possehl 1980: 111 Joshi et al 1984: 528

Nenuni Dhar     Kutch                 Mature Harappan
23 51 00 N                         69 44 00 E                         IAR
1967-68: 17 Possehl 1980: 111 Joshi et al 1984: 528-9

Ner Nesdo         Kutch                 Mature Harappan Sorath Harappan
IAR 1980-81: 10  Chitalwala 1985: key fig. 8

Netra Khirasara     Kutch                 Red Polished Ware Mature Harappan
IAR 1969-70: 6  IAR 1976-77: 74

Pabumath         Kutch     1.5         Late Sorath Harappan Mature Harappan    
23 37 00 N                     70 31 00 E                             IAR
1977-78: 21 Possehl 1980: 111 Joshi et al 1984: 528-9

Paria Waro Mohra    Kutch             Medieval Post-urban Harappan
23 06 00 N                     70 05 00 E                             IAR
1986-87: 29

Patel Raniji Ka Magsa     Kutch     Post-urban Harappan
23 06 00 N                     70 11 00 E                             IAR
1986-87: 29

Pirwada Khetar         Kutch             Mature Harappan
23 20 00 N                     70 00 00 E                              IAR
1965-66: 17 Possehl 1980: 112  Joshi et al 1984: 529

Rampar Vekarano Timbo  Kutch     Mature Harappan
IAR 1967-68: 9 Posshl 1980: 114

Rampar                                         Sorath Harappan
Chitalwala 1985: key fig. 8

Rampara              Kutch                 Mature Harappan
23 30 00 N                     70 45 00 E                               Joshi et
al 1984: 529

Ramvav             Kutch                 Mature Harappan
23 32 00 N                     70 28 00 E                                 IAR
1977-78: 20 Joshi et al 1984: 529

Samagogha     Kutch                 Late Sorath Harappan Mature Harappan     22
55 00 N                     69 40 00 E                                 Possehl
1980: 115 Joshi et al 1984: 528

Sapara         Kutch                     Mature Harappan
IAR 1979-80: 17

Selari         Kutch                     Mature Harappan
23 42 00 N                        70 37 00 E                                 IAR
1967-68: 17 Possehl 1980: 115 Joshi et al 1984: 529

Shikarpur Kutch Kutch     5.3     Mature Harappan
23 07 00 N                           70 35 00 E                                
IAR 1986-87: 80

Surkotada         Kutch     1.4     Early to Mature Mature Harappan Harappan  23
37 00 N                 70 50 00 E                                 IAR 1964-65:
12  Possehl 1980: 116 Joshi et al 1984: 528

Toda Timbo     Kutch             Mature Harappan
IAR 1955-56: 70

Todio             Kutch               Mature Harappan
23 05 00 N                         68 55 00 E                                
Rao 1963a: 188, 207 Possehl 1980: 118 Joshi et al 1984: 529

Vada             Kutch                 Mature Harappan
23 29 00 N                         69 07 00 E                                
IAR 1967-68: 17 Possehl 1980: 118 Joshi et al 1984: 529

Vaidwali Mohra     Kutch         Post-urban Harappan
IAR 1985-86: 17

Rapar gadhwari     Kutch         Post-urban Harappan
23 06 00 N                         68 47 00 E

Rampar Abada wari  Kutch         Post-urban Harappan                            
23 20 00 N                         68 48 00 E

Kotada Chakar       Kutch         Post-urban Harappan
23 06 00 N                         69 44 00 E

Kotada MAD     Kutch                 Post-urban Harappan
23 28 00 N                         68 54 00 E

Bhadreshwar         Kutch             Post-urban Harappan
22 54 00 N                         69 54 00 E

Gadhada Khadir   Kutch             Mature Harappan
23 54 00 N                         70 26 00 E

KANTHKOT           Kutch             Mature Harappan
23  29 N                         70 28 00 E



By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
  http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/ http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj

Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science Group of
India.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Dear Friends of Geology, Archaeology History and Science
Watch the area of ANCIENT harappan dam of BHARASAR which is the area of the
origin of the tributary of the river Zadko from the hills of Khatrod LANKI area
near hills of BHARASAR, river then flows to Manukuva and then to Sukhpar - file
is also attached as Bharasar dam area site.jpg - a line is drown between the
hill area where the possibility of the dam was there. now is washed out but both
ends of hills are visible on either side of the expected dam area. which itself
suggestive of the possible dam in that area in the past (+2000BC)



Forwarded By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
  http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/ http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science Group of
India.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Dear Friends of Geology, Archaeology History and Science
Watch the path of the river Saraswati from lake of PUSHKAR near Ajmer to the
MARUDA -NE part of the great RANN of the KUTCH - file is also attached as
Saraswati river from Puskar to Rann of KUTCH.jpg

We can observe the water channels along the Saraswati river basin area and also
compare the gradient of slop of the river basin from the Pushkar to the ran of
kutch which is steadily down from pushkar 1300 ft to the rann of the kutch 3ft -
picture also will be uploaded in the respective groups below



Forwarded By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
  http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/ http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science Group of
India.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]