Dear friends Of Nature History, Kutch, Science and Geology,
May it be Tall giant fern's tree foosils of that time? Mystery remains until new
further study is carried out and confirms with the research findings.
Recently found fossils in DHOLAVIRA in KHADIR region of the Great RANN of KUTCH
have been filmed and photographed.
We sent one article of the Termite Hole formation by ancestors of recent
termites in the decayed wood fossil of DHOLAVIRA in KHADIR region of the Great
RANN of KUTCH in Dec 2007.
But question rises about the timing of the age of the fossils and what such huge
Vegetative PLANTS may those be at that time?
What type of Giant trees may be existing at that time? As we noticed that Lower
layers had THOSE wood fossils and Upper layers of Marine Bivalve fossils (Timed
at 5:58) suggesting that,
that area of land has been under water between the Wood fossil formation time
and Marine fossil formation time. Composed photo has given top corner Marine
fossils (Timed at 5:58) of area of the upper layers on the Hills.
And also lower corners with Wood fossil (Timed at 5:44) details and Roots fossil
(Timed at 5:45) in the grounds.
We have analysed the films and pictures and we found the following facts about
those fossils and the land of Kutch.
Our recorded findings confirm that the length of the tree was approximate 30
feets tall and diameter of tree trunk about 4 feets and circumference about 13
feets.
Tree trunk fossils is Brocken in parts in places but can be traced to the roots
in the ground.
Also Root fossil with big Central XYLEM of the root fossil is also visible and
digging under ground may provide more Root fossil specimens preserved in the
ground.
Tree trunk has thin BARK fossils in outer layers. As during this time
Lycospores, SEED ferns and Gymnosperns were diversifying. May it be Tall giant
fern's tree foosils of that time? Mystery remains until new further study is
carried out and confirms with the research findings. May we find the Insects /
ancestor Termite fossils in side preserved in the wood fossil? That may give us
perfect clue of the timing of the fossil formation and also the timing give us
more clue of the tree trunk fossil tree. Whether, may it be giant fern’s trees
or some thing else
FROM YOURS Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of
INDIA.http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/President:'Kutch
Science Foundation'.Founder :'Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj -
Kutch'.Life Member:'kutch Itihaas Parishad'.kutchscience@...,
kutchscience@...,http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000h\
ttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/gro\
up/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.co\
m/group/bhuj
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Respected Sir,
I am exhilarated with your this mail.Its not only informative but
touching too and depicts the pathetic state of our respective depts,
which fails for crediting the deserving ones. I remember one quote late
former P.M. Mrs Indira Gandhi"There are 2 categories of people, one who
work hard and others who take away the credit.Its Better to be in the
first category, cause there is less competition" I hope this kind of
sharings can be enlightening. Regards Akshay
On 12/26/07, Dr. Bhudia <drbhudia@...
<http://uk.f267.mail.yahoo.com/ym/Compose?To=drbhudia@yahoo.co.uk> >
wrote: Dear friends of Science History and Archaeology,
Meet To the Dholavira Finder. Many of us has Visited Dholavira and got
plenty of the information about the ancient civilisation, history and
its discovery. But when we are asked for the name of the person "who
DISCOVERD the Dholavira civilisation"? Name of one of the Archaeologist
comes out from our mouth. But Very few of us Might have visited the
History person "GADHAVI" of the village Dholavira. He was the Actual
discoverer of the DHOLAVIRA Civilisation. Every time I visit
Dholavira I desired to visit the Old History man SHAMBHUDAN GADHVI of
Dholavira. Every time I Visit him I get some thing New from him. During
our last Geo-Archaeological expedition to Khadir I tried to contact as
many local people as possible in the area. This time during July 2007
we started our expedition in the area of Khadir and Rann Of KUTCH
after a good rain in the area so we can feel easy to go around in very
warm area otherwise. So we wished to collect information of the Hills of
Bhanjano and its northern side Collapsed / Land slide of Mountain hills.
And also for the Maruda TAKKAR area and rout to go there. That was
possible only with the help of Local people who have been there before
in their life and with the help of the BSF rangers. So we visited both
groups of people BSF Rangers and also local visitors to the RANN and
BHANHJANO hills and Also MARUDA TAKKAR. Similarly Local people of the
area knew about Wood fossils in Rann as they told me about that during
my first visit to Khadir during just after the Earthquake. But geologist
reached late to confirm the fact. Here in short I give details given
by Shri Sambhudan Gadhavi about discovery of Dholavira Civilisation and
how he was discouraged and treated. He was the only literate (up to
standard 6 ONLY) person in the village during his searching life. And
now as he the founder of DHOLAVIAR CIVILISATION is forgotten from
history of Dholavira. WHENn I visited to Dholavira - KOTADA, first I
visited the founder of that ancient civilisation, Shri Sambhudan
Gadhavi. I recorded his visit and I would like to put some of the
conclusion of the visit
with him in DHOLAVIRA Mr. Sambhudan Gadhavi was interested in our
ancient civilisation, but he was not the Archaeologist. THERE WAS LOK
VAYAKA - "peoples' belief" that there was an OLD GADH - Old Castle and
people were dead there many years ago and every one in village Dholavira
was aware of these and That was not the new for local people. Mr Sambhu
Gadhavi was interested in that as those stones of foundation and castle
was evidently visible to every one. He started to collect the pottery
parts and one day he found one with a picture of the Indus civilisation
symbol. "As he was collecting those pottery parts –(In Loacl
Language called THIKARIEs), He was locally also known discouraging Named
as DHIKARIO". According to him he found the pottery part that resembles
the picture of the HARAPPAN which he studied and seen in the history
book of year 5-6 of that time. So he decided to take it to the museum
curator of Kutch Museum at BHUJ. and said to Him " I have found the
pottery part that resembles the picture of the HARAPPAN which I studied
and seen in the history book of year 5-6 ". And the research started and
we found the NEW - Most ANCIENT Indian-Indus civilisation of the world.
which is destroyed before about 5000 years? so that civilisation must
have developed before another few thousands years means that
civilisation must be 7 to 10 thousands years old. which I wrote
in 2000 that that time scale relates to Mahabharata and the YADAVASTHALi
time. Surprisingly same LOK VAYAKA is there "peoples' believe that there
is NAND KUVA - well and many NAND related Things were found including
NAND KUVA - a well" and that confirms that at that time scale that Nand
Vansh is YADU VANSH and so that is part of The YadavaSthali. Human Bones
found at those places requires to be examined for the injury by sharp
weapons. one skull was found with the injury of spear. Not only that
archaeologists at Dholavira found some fossilised stones of the WOOD
FOSSILs. Not only that some of the stone used in the construction of Old
DHOLAVIRA are those fossils stones. and that needs attention of the
Geologists along with the Archaeologists working in Dholavira. Khadir -
where Dholavira is established is it self a land of fossils.
Land is in the RANN of the KUTCH and also border area. so prohibited
for exploration. So we contacted the Military authority to assist us.
They promised us to take us to escort to those places of KHADIR and
BHANJADO Mountain and KAUR BAT for Dinosaurs fossils land of 180 Mn
years old and also collaborate with us for scientific research. That
will explore not only the Archaeology but also those Geological areas of
the fossils land. LOK VAYAKA "Peoples belief" says there are more
Castles in the middle of the desert and on the Mountain of BHANJADO. and
that co relate with the MAHABHARAT. so more ancient civilisation -even
more ANCIENT than the Dholavira are to be found in those area - north of
the Dholavira. FROM YOURS Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
<http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/>
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@...
<http://uk.f267.mail.yahoo.com/ym/Compose?To=kutchscience@yahoo.co.in> ,
kutchscience@...
<http://uk.f267.mail.yahoo.com/ym/Compose?To=kutchscience@hotmail.com> ,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/
<http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/>
http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
<http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience>
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
<http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000>
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
<../../../../scienceclubofindia>
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
<../../../../kutchscience>
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh <../../../../kachchh>
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj <../../../../bhuj> Do visit our
ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science Groups of India.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
From: kutchsciencefoundation@... Dear friends of Science and Geology
Thank You all , Thanks for your reply and your plan to visit Kutch next month 18
/19 Dec 2007. I am in Europe now. and will not be there during your visit to
Kutch and up to next six months. Wish you all best wishes for the seismology
conference at Bhuj on 18 & 19, January. My sony has gone to Mt MERU in Tanzania
so waiting for his return and findings with ocumentry recordings.
MOUNT MERU is in AFRICA now in Tanzania Log Latitude are: 3° 14' S; 36° 45' E
more details on http://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=11205 4565 meters,
14,977 feet, Seeing the view of Mt MERU we see the Mt Meru is in Valley (Great
rift valley of Africa) means it has been lowered down with the rift valley.
otherwise height of Mt Meru was more than that (14,977 ft + 6000 ft rift valley
depth = 20977ft which is higher than Kilimanjaro) which is east of Mt MERU and
is younger than Mt MERU
Web Maps
Microsoft Local.Live Map
Ranges
Continent: AfricaRange2: East Africa MountainsRange3: Northeast Tanzania
Ownership
Land: Arusha National Park (Highest Point)
Prominence
Clean Prominence: 3170 m/10,400 ftOptimistic Prominence: 3170 m/10,400 ftNearest
Topographic Higher Peak: KilimanjaroKey Col: 1395 m/4577 ft
Isolation
Distance to Higher Peak: 69.93 km/43.46 miNearest Higher Neighbor: Kilimanjaro
(ENE)
Views of Mt MERU in the Great rift vally eye bird view from Above at different
angles
FROM YOURS Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of
INDIA.http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/President:'Kutch
Science Foundation'.Founder :'Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj -
Kutch'.Life Member:'kutch Itihaas Parishad'.kutchscience@...,
kutchscience@...,http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000h\
ttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/gro\
up/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.co\
m/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science Groups of India. Date: Fri, 21 Dec
2007 09:03:41 +0000From: r_v_karanth@...: Re: Canal structures of
Ancient KUTCH SARASWATI Civilisation during the harrapan and post harrappan
timeTo: kutchsciencefoundation@...
Dear Dr. Bhudhia,
The pictures are blank in both of your mails.
However, you can raise the issue of Sarasvati River flowing through Kachchh
during the forthcoming seismology conference at Bhuj on 18 & 19, January.
Dr. R. V. Karanth[Professor of Geology (Retired), The Maharaja Sayajirao
University of Baroda]104, 'Aarth'29, PratapgunjVadodara - 390 002, INDIATel :
(cell)+91-99984 85468(R) +91-265-2794707
Now We are updating our Digital DATA libraries in Kutch Science Foundations &
many more to come.
Now we have Thousands of Books on many subjects of Science and other subjects of
Maths and engineering as well.
1) Thousands of books on Computer and IT Science libraries - 2000+ books
2) Books on Mathematics
3) Books On Astronomy and Space science including Asimov’s science fiction
library.
4) Ancient Books of Astronomy Science
4) Home science and Cooking
6) Actuarial science and predictions
7) Physics Complete library. 100s of books
8) Chemistry Complete library 100s of Books
9) Biology Complete Library 100s of Books
10) Human Anatomy Science Medical Library
11) Full medical science library 100s of Books
12) Handicrafts and Stitching books
13) Robotic science and technology Books
14) Vedic (PURANs NAAD VEDAs) Library including all 18 Purans and 4 Vedas
15) Archaeological library
16) Geological Science Library including fossils and DINO fossils complete sets
of Photographic libraries
17) History, Science Documentary and science Discoveries and civilisations
Digital and digital Video libraries.
18) Reference Library of ancient civilisation and geological science library of
Kutch
19) Reference Library for Birds and Environment & Nature library of Kutch
20) Digital Audio Library including Vedic audio, Asimov’s Science Fictions audio
LibraryAnd many more to come.
Messenger on the move… Text MSN to 63463 now!
_________________________________________________________________
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Dear Friends of Science and Archaeology,
Megalithic culture of ancient Kutch.
Very less has been investigated about ancient megalithic culture of Kutch during
the pre Harappan and Harappan times. Few known places have been investigated
some of them are Goniasar , Juni Rayan, Zura Kotadi, Guntali Desalpar, Meghpar
Khander vari wadi, Todio timbo, Sarli Tombo, Juna Kotada near Roha and
Dholavira. But very little work has been done on the subject and the places. One
of such an outstanding place is Jangania near NALIYA in Abadasa, where graves
are specifically shaped according to the shape of body.
Generally it is a belief that there are very few such places but it has wide
distributed in ancient time in Kutch, and so also need to put more interest in
the subject and also in investigations of such cultures.
During our last geo-archaeological expedition in 2007 we visited few megalithic
structures in kutch. Namely famous Dholavira and three new places namely Todio
(Timbo), Timbo SARLI and Old Kotada near Roha. If photo below is not seen
clearly an attachment picture "Ancient Megalithic Structures.jpg" is added to
this email. As we see in composed photograph below DHOLAVIRA has similar
circular structures (Bottom Rt Corner). we also discovered similar Megalithic
structures underground in megalithic places namely Todio (Timbo) (Bottom Lt
Corner), Timbo SARLI (Upper Lt Corner). and Old Kotada near Roha (Upper Rt
Corner).
So not only few known places do have such hidden culture but is widely
distributed all over kutch during ancient time. we have some explanation of our
recorded expedition and also a time table below for the ancient Megalithic
structures. so we can compare the timings of those structures to relate with the
ancient Civilisations in the Kutch during pre Harappan and Harappan times.
Megalithic Civilisation found in ZURA (KOTADI) of KUTCH - Megalithic SAMADHIs
(Graves) of Zura Kotadi and potteries and bones
Zura (Jhura) is situated North West of BHUJ (23:24N - 69:39E) is known place for
its Geology and History as it says Zura - (Fall due to seismic activity at
Jhura) of the Kutch.But its Geology is also associated with its archaeology and
civilisation in that area. Though not much known of the place but local people
are aware of the story of those places but far away from the knowledge of
Archaeological importance as the area remained unexplored.2km South and SE
region of the Village is the Place called "KOTADI" as many civilisation names.
Area has big elevated area TIMBO having stone wall around but hidden underneath.
On exploration many of the Pottery found in the area including toys parts and
pottery of two different varieties - Red as usual as also black - as in the area
of RAMVAV and LAKHAPAR region civilisation in VAGAD - RAPAR area.
Rivers in this region all flows from South West to North EAST- from slops of the
Jhuran Mountain slopes towards the Banni planes where there used to be a lake of
the water of the rivers Sarasvati and sindhu waters in the Rann of KUTCH.About 1
Km East of that KOTADI area is the place of the Mystery graves. I would say
rather SAMADHIs as I have explained it before as they are the SAMADHIs is a
sitting posture and are kept open on the east side of those as are kept in
Samadhi rules as explained by Mahant Shree Kishordasji.Many of such Samadhi are
about some distance from the civilisation area as in the Case of GADHVARI VADI
civilisation (Meghpar)- one of samadhi was in KHANDERVARI VADI.Specimens
collected from the region confirms those civilisation and Megalithic Samadhis in
the region says those to be 2000 BC. Similar type of Mystery graves of Mystery
Shapes (shapes are given to the body shapes) are also in JANGADIA - ABADASA
NALIYA -LAKHPAT way. those are also Megalithic times graves.
I would prefer to say those Megalithic SAMADHIs as that can not be defined as an
ordinary graves. I also took an expert opinions from Mahant shree Kishordasji of
kabir Mandir BHUJ as he is well known personality of the subjects regarding
SAMADHIs. We went together there to identify those, and local observation showed
that those places has become an open spaces now as a result of environment and
weather. and shows skull bones opened from the top side and not the Limb bones.
so Those are defined as Sitting SAMADHIs. and east side of those SAMADHIs kept
open as seen shadows towards east in the Evening pictures.
prominent for the region's prehistoric population. Circular graves dating to c.
3000 BC are dotted . stone piled up a round -shaped chamber the site of the
first archaeological excavation when several circular, collective tombs like
those were excavated. The excavation of a settlement confirmed the importance
of the locale and for this reason the period c. 2500-2000 BC.
They are typical of burial mounds of about 2000 BC where the cremated remains of
the community's elders would have been buried. "Carbon dating should confirm
that the burial mound dates to about 2000BC," This means the Bronze Age
graveyard dates back . They have already found a piece of pottery containing the
remains of burnt shells. "It is possible that the enclosure could date as far
back as 3000 BC," "But we need to find more pottery that has decoration so we
can provide a more accurate date to the site."
Megalithic tombs research has a long history, inextricably linked with the
development of archaeology itself. In the beginning (2400 b.c.-1200 A.D.)
interest in for such interest consisted primarily of superstitious awe and
religious inspiration. Beyond this, the curiosity of unknown prehistoric
individuals can only be imagined. However, many terms describing megalithic
architecture were first recorded. During the Culture History and subsequent
periods the Some felt that the chronology only needed minor adjustments and
that new tomb excavations and large catalogs would explain the evolution of the
tombs. Surprisingly the advent of C14 dating in the fifties, which
revolutionized archaeology in many parts of the world, had little effect on
dating tombs, C14 dates began to hint at the real antiquity of the tombs, but
ceramic analysis continued to play the major role. the relative chronology.
Difficulties in various regional ceramic typologies were isolated and efforts
have been made to overcome incongruencies between the typological method used
for ceramics, problems in C14 dating, and theories on megalithic tomb evolution.
and related pottery contributed. The origin of megalithic tombs , graves has
been a matter of debate for centuries. The Eastern Tomb Origin Theory is
currently not persuasive. The western origin is tainted by the diffusionists'
mind-set. It is contradicted by radiocarbon dates and the evolutionary
trajectory of French tombs. The Autochthonous Theory is supported by a logical,
chronological evolution of tomb types and their spatial distribution The origin
of megalithic tombs is an autochthonous development. This network was held
together by a common ideology expressed through the building of monumental
burial architecture which, Megalithic tomb construction expanded at different
rates , The local and regional tomb types were derived from local traditions,
local religious interpretations and customs tied to an interregional ideology.
CHRONOLOGICAL MODEL OF MEGALITHIC CHAMBER EVOLUTION
3600-2990/2860 B.C./2860-2400/2300 b.c. 3550/3500-3100 B.C.
3600-3290 B.C./2860-2610 b.c. [3550/3500-3100 B.C.
3600-3530 B.C./2860-2800 b.c. [3550/3500-3400 B.C.] Primeval-dolmen (urdolmen,
normally parallel to long-mound)
3550-3460 B.C./2850-2750 b.c. Transitional dolmen (parallel/perpendicular to
long-mound)
3550 B.C./2815 b.c. Top-entrance urdolmen
3530 B.C./2800 b.c. Half-height front-entrance urdolmen and square-dolmen
3500 B.C./2780 b.c. Extended-dolmen with axial capstone
3480-3290 B.C./2760-2610 b.c. [3400-3100 B.C.] Multiple side-stone dolmen
(perpendicular to long-mound)
3480 B.C./2760 b.c. Rectilinear and polygonal extended-dolmen
3450 B.C./2740 b.c. Rectilinear and polygonal grand-dolmen
3400-3100/2970 B.C./2700-2490/2400 b.c. [3250-3100 B.C.] Passage-graves
3400-3290 B.C./2700-2610 b.c. Transitional chambers with passage
3400 B.C./2700 b.c. Large polygonal- and rectilinear-dolmen/protopassage-graves
with angled/corner entrance and passage
3360-3100/2970 B.C./2650-2490/2400 b.c. [3250-3100 B.C.] Passage-graves*
3360 B.C./2650 b.c. Primeval passage-graves
3290 B.C./2610 b.c. Extended passage-graves
3240 B.C./2570 b.c. Grand passage-graves
3320-3100/2970 B.C./2630-2490/2400 b.c. [3250-3100 B.C.] Complex Chambers
3320 B.C./2630 b.c. Side-chamber passage-graves
3300 B.C./2620 b.c. End-chamber passage-graves
3290 B.C./2610 b.c. Double passage-graves
3260 B.C./2580 b.c. Triple passage-graves
3240 B.C./2570 b.c. Dual-passage chambers
3210 B.C./2560 b.c. Single chamber double passage-graves
3400-2860 B.C./2700-2300 b.c. Gallery-graves
3400 B.C./2700 b.c. Primeval gallery-graves with front- or side entrance
3290 B.C./2610 b.c. Extended gallery-graves with front- or side entrance
3240 B.C./2570 b.c. Grand gallery-graves with front- or side-entrance From:-
YOURS Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of
INDIA.http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/President:'Kutch
Science Foundation'.Founder :'Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj -
Kutch'.Life Member:'kutch Itihaas Parishad'.kutchscience@...,
kutchscience@...,http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geoc\
ities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups\
.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience\
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhujDo
visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science Groups of India.
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From: kutchsciencefoundation@... (Please discard previous mail sent
accidently with out description) Subject: Canal structures of Ancient KUTCH
SARASWATI Civilisation during the harrapan and post harrappan timeDate: Wed, 19
Dec 2007 13:46:48 +0000
Dear friends of science and Archaeology,
Canal structures of Ancient KUTCH SARASWATI Civilisation during the Harappa and
post Harappa times
Many of us have visited Dholavira and seen water reservoir of the ancient time
of Saraswati civilisation time.
But we do not see the actual irrigation channels of the water which brings the
water to those reservoir nor the DAM area to elevate the water level of the
river so water can travel through those channels to the reservoir with gravity
force only.
But That’s the actual Beauty and the importance of those ANCIENT Architect of
WATER Irrigation Engineering during the Ancient time of Saraswati civilisation
time.
Actual Video recording film is available to see for reference is available in
our Digital Library records of KUTCH SCIENCE FOUNDATION. A copy has been
presented to the
Department of Archaeology government of Gujarat - BHUJ branch and also to the
Ratanpar school archaeology museum near Dholavira.
Dholavira archaeology department office do have access to the Ratanpar school
film copy. So any one visiting to Dholavira may use the facility and Copy of the
Film at The RATANPAR SCHOOL.
Our Million Page digital library has developed more than 5000+ Books on all
subjects of science Engineering and geo archaeology. More details are given in
this Email.
But That’s not only in Dholavira but 100s of such Saraswati Civilisation Places
of Ancient KUTCH. Many of such places we explored has undisturbed such Canal
structures intact.
Here the composed picture has some of them and large composed picture is
attached if one in email is not visible clearly.
Original Huge size pictures are available for reference in our Digital Library
records of KUTCH SCIENCE FOUNDATION.
Pictures has views from canals of Harappan Bharasar Dam area , where underground
water channels are also clearly visible and curved surface water canals are
shown.
Straight Carved surface channel is also shown running along parallel to the
river side has been also shown, in composed Photo.
Kotada Bhadli Gadh area. Has a River called GANGA vari river.
We have found the undisturbed dam area which is washed away in ancient time but
above ground level shows clear mark-ation of the dam site and with a curved
surface level canals of water few distance upstream of dam area.
Canals draws water to Gadh reservoir area to the GADH- central part of the
Civilisation area. This water irrigation channels which brings the water with
gravity force only to those reservoir from the elevated water level by DAM of
the river
Now We are updating our Digital DATA libraries in Kutch Science Foundations &
many more to come.
Now we have Thousands of Books on many subjects of Science and other subjects of
Maths and engineering as well.
1) Thousands of books on Computer and IT Science libraries - 2000+ books
2) Books on Mathematics
3) Books On Astronomy and Space science including Asimov’s science fiction
library.
4) Ancient Books of Astronomy Science
4) Home science and Cooking
6) Actuarial science and predictions
7) Physics Complete library. 100s of books
8) Chemistry Complete library 100s of Books
9) Biology Complete Library 100s of Books
10) Human Anatomy Science Medical Library
11) Full medical science library 100s of Books
12) Handicrafts and Stitching books
13) Robotic science and technology Books
14) Vedic (PURANs NAAD VEDAs) Library including all 18 Purans and 4 Vedas
15) Archaeological library
16) Geological Science Library including fossils and DINO fossils complete sets
of Photographic libraries
17) History, Science Documentary and science Discoveries and civilisations
Digital and digital Video libraries.
18) Reference Library of ancient civilisation and geological science library of
Kutch
19) Reference Library for Birds and Environment & Nature library of Kutch
20) Digital Audio Library including Vedic audio, Asimov’s Science Fictions audio
LibraryAnd many more to come.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL DETAILS OF MADHAPAR
Do not be surprised if you hear from any body that Madhapr of BHUJ - KUTCH is an
Indus place.Yes that is true. If you are in any doubt do not hesitate to contact
the department of archaeology in bhuj near middle school of BHUJ.
ARCAEOLOGICAL information of MADHAPAR even before MADHAPAR was established at
all in HARAPPAN TIME. MADHAPAR is an INDUS civilisation.
Records are in out Science library and in ARCHAEOLOGY department BHUJ branch of
Govnt of GUJARAT archaeological DEPARTMENT.
Proofs of PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORDS of our Archeology and science FOUNDATION LIBRARY
records.Area near the lake of MAGJIrai lake and area around it between river PAT
of madhapar and River Dhoravaav is that area but as the area is industrialised
and used for agriculture
and also lake has been dug out in past with new developments , all positive
findings may be lost but that’s the BARE TRUTH.PLACE NAMED WITH “RAI” ARE OLD
LAKES ARE CIVILISATION PLACES MOCHIRAI OF SUKHPAR - 40 HARAPPAN GRAVES ARE FOUND
IN BAJARIYUN GAAM AREASADHURAI OF GODPAR, JAMORAI BETWEEN GODPAR & MANUKUVA,
VICHANDRAI OF MANUKUVA AND MAGJIRAI OF MADHAPAR.SAR - MEANS SAROVAR ARE OLD
CIVILISATION PLACES IN KUTCH.BALASAR VAGAD NEAR GADHADA RASAJIBHARASAR -
HARAPPAN DAM AREA,VADASAR - TARO -TALAV AREA OF THE VILLAGESUMARASAR - NENUNI
DHAR CIVILISATIONDEVISAR - HAS MORE THAN ONE AREA OF CIVILISATION AREA DEVISAR
AND JATAWADABHADRESAR - BHADRESWARKHIRASARA , DAHISARA , MODSAR, Anandsar MORO -
MORA MEANS TAKARO - TIMBO SARLI TIMBO - JIWA TIMBO AREVEKARA TIMBO OF VAGAD
VEKRA RAMPAR OF BHUJ MOMAY MORA etcGADH AND GADHADA OF KUTCH GADHADA OF KHADIR
NEAR RATANPAR GADHADA RASAJI NEAR BALASAR IN VAGADGADHSHISHADEVPARGADHRAPAR
GADHGADHWARI WADI - MEGHPAR IN BHUJGADHWARIWADI - KHIRSARA NETRA NAKHATRANA
PANDYANO GADH etcGADHADA OF BHAVNAGAR ON RIVER BANKS OF GHELO RIVER.KOT - KOTADA
- KOTDI OF KUTCH KANTH KOTKOTADA CHAKAR REHA - UGAMANA AND ATHAMANA KOTADA -
GADHADO AREA HAS GADH IN GROUNDSKOTADA BHADLI THARAVADA IN NAKHTRANA Kotada
(Roha) has OLD KOTDA near village Kotada and Khirasara
KOTADA THARAVADA IN ANJARKOTADA IN ZURA KOTADA JADODARKOTADA - KOTADI OF
DHOLAVIRA KOTAY - KOTESHWAR KATESHWAR - LAKHAPAT LOTESHWAR - NARAYAN SAROVARALSO
KOTADA CHANDRANIKOTAD AND KOTADA UNCHA OF MAHUVA BHAVNAGARKOTADA SANGANI ON BAY
OF BANKS OF KUTCH - MORVI
5) WORLS FAMOUS PREJURASIC FOSSIL SITE, Geological treasures in MADHAPAR and
geological features around Madhapar GANGESHWAR DOME AREA OF DUNGAR WARA
MAHADEVA of MADHAPAR. Proofs of PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORDS of our GEOLOGY and science
FOUNDATION LIBRARY records. on websites
below.http://in.ph.groups.yahoo.com/group/madhapar/photoshttp://in.ph.groups.yah\
oo.com/group/madhapar/photos/browse/1aa7http://in.ph.groups.yahoo.com/group/madh\
apar/photos/browse/c478http://in.ph.groups.yahoo.com/group/madhapar/photos/brows\
e/1c82 Email Contacts: DR. Bhudia - drbhudia@...,
hirjipatel@..., kutchscience@...,
kutchsciencefoundation@...,Webpages and Groups of
Madhapar:-http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience/madhapur/madhapur.htmhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/madhapar/ From:- YOURS Dr.BHUDIA-Science
Group Of
INDIA.http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/President:'Kutch
Science Foundation'.Founder :'Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj -
Kutch'.Life Member:'kutch Itihaas Parishad'.kutchscience@...,
kutchscience@...,http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geoc\
ities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups\
.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience\
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhujDo
visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science Groups of India.
_________________________________________________________________
Get Hotmail on your mobile, text MSN to 63463!
http://mobile.uk.msn.com/pc/mail.aspx
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
NASA Announces Discovery of Assault by a Black Hole
12.18.2007
+ Play Audio | + Download Audio | + Email to a friend | + Join mailing
list
Dec. 18, 2007: A powerful jet from a supermassive black hole is
blasting a nearby galaxy, according to new data from NASA
observatories. This never-before witnessed galactic violence may have
a profound effect on planets in the jet's path and trigger a burst of
star birth in its destructive wake.
This real-life scene, worthy of the most outlandish science fiction,
is playing out in a faraway binary galaxy system known as 3C321. Two
galaxies are in orbit around one another. A supermassive black hole at
the core of the system's larger galaxy is spewing a jet in the
direction of its smaller companion.
Above: A composite image of 3C321. Scroll down the page to see an
artist's illustration labeling the galaxies and the jet. [more]
"We've seen many jets produced by black holes, but this is the first
time we've seen one punch into another galaxy," says Dan Evans, a
scientist at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics and
leader of the study. "This jet could be causing all sorts of problems
for the smaller galaxy it is pummeling."
Jets from super massive black holes produce large amounts of
radiation, especially high-energy X-rays and gamma-rays, which can be
lethal in large quantities. The combined effects of this radiation and
particles traveling at almost the speed of light could severely damage
the atmospheres of planets lying in the path of the jet. For example,
protective layers of ozone in the upper atmosphere of planets could be
destroyed.
Above: An artist's illustration of 3C321 with galaxies and jets
labeled. [more]
The effect of the jet on the companion galaxy is likely to be
substantial, because the galaxies in 3C321 are extremely close at a
distance of only about 20,000 light years apart. They lie
approximately the same distance as Earth is from the center of the
Milky Way galaxy.
The jet and galactic assault were discovered through the combined
efforts of both space and ground-based telescopes. NASA's Chandra
X-ray Observatory, Hubble Space Telescope, and Spitzer Space Telescope
were part of the effort. Two sophisticated radio telescopes--the Very
Large Array (VLA) in Socorro, New Mexico, and the Multi-Element Radio
Linked Interferometer Network (MERLIN) in the United Kingdom--were
also needed for the finding.
Sign up for EXPRESS SCIENCE NEWS delivery
A bright spot in the VLA and MERLIN images shows where the jet has
struck the side of the galaxy, dissipating some of the jet's energy.
The collision disrupted and deflected the jet.
A unique aspect of the discovery in 3C321 is how relatively
short-lived this event is on a cosmic time scale. Features seen in the
VLA and Chandra images indicate that the jet began impacting the
galaxy about one million years ago, a small fraction of the system's
lifetime.
It's possible that the event is not all bad news for the beleaguered
galaxy. The massive influx of energy and radiation from the jet could
spark the formation of large numbers of stars and planets after its
initial wake of destruction is complete. In the distant future, say
researchers, whole new star systems may have the lethal jet to thank
for their very existance.
correspondence of Wood Fossils of Kutch RANN with Termites Holes in
the wood fossils
Dear Dr. Biswas Saheb,
Thanks for your quick reply and interest to visit Kutch next month. I
am in Europe now. and will not be there during your visit to Kutch and
up to next six months.
This wood fossil with termitery holes in not black hills fossil But
That's in the Hills of Dholavira. 23 55 39 N and 70 13 19 E. But many
more from Black hills are kept in our museum at the KABIR MANDIR of
BHUJ. Also from Kunvarbet and also specimens from Vigakot border. Many
from Umiya, Lakhpat Harudi, Murchaban and around Pandhro Coal mine area.
ABADASA and also from Vagad and Khatrod hills, also giant wood fossil
in Khatrod -sample is attached . Many from Ramvaav village of Vagad.
also sample is attached. We will be pleased display all from all
areas from allover KUTCH when I will be back.
Dr Bhudia
Date: Sun, 2 Dec 2007 10:19:24 +0000
From: sanjibkbiswas2001@...
Subject: Re: FW: Wood Fossils of Kutch RANN with Termites Holes in the
wood fossils
To: kutchsciencefoundation@...
Good find. What is the actual location where you had find this
fossil? They are common along the foot of the Kaladongar Hill. Shall
contact you during my next visit to Kutch later this month.
Dr. Biswas
Recommended By: Viswanatha Karanth (r_v_karanth@...)
Sent:30 November 2007 09:38:08
Dear Dr. Bhudia,
Thanks for sending the photographs again. You may send this
note to 'Current Science', Bangalore.
Yours truly,
RVKaranth
Dr. R. V. Karanth
[Professor of Geology (Retired),
The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]
104, 'Aarth'
29, Pratapgunj
Vadodara - 390 002, INDIA
Tel : (cell)+91-99984 85468 (R) +91-265-2794707
Date: Thu, 29 Nov 2007 04:19:55 +0000
From: r_v_karanth@...
Subject: Re: Wood Fossils of Kutch RANN with Termites Holes in
the wood fossils
To: kutchsciencefoundation@...
From: kutchsciencefoundation@...
To: r_v_karanth@...
Subject: RE: Wood Fossils of Kutch RANN with Termites Holes in
the wood fossils
Date: Thu, 29 Nov 2007 10:02:42 +0000
Dear Dr Karanth saheb,
I send Email with photographs attached to your mail. attached
here 1) Wood Fossil With termite HOLES 2) Real Lifetree With termite
HOLES photos of your request, with pleasure
Dr Bhudia
Date: Thu, 29 Nov 2007 04:19:55 +0000
From: r_v_karanth@...
Subject: Re: Wood Fossils RANN of Kutch with Termites Holes in
the wood fossils
To: kutchsciencefoundation@...
Your finding is quite exciting. Please send me photographs.
-RVKaranth
Dr Bhudia Kutch Science Foundation
<kutchsciencefoundation@...> wrote:
Sub:-Wood fossils RANN of Kutch with Termites Holes in the
wood fossils.
During our last Geo-Archaeological expedition of Kutch and
Rann area we have very surprising results. we also visited Dholavira
and also the Hills of Dholavira. We planned for the route to Maruda
Takkar Oldest port, 15000 years old in the Middle of the Rann of KUTCH
and also visit the WOOD Fossil site of the Rann Of KUTCH.
Though Later Dr Sringarpure the retired palaeontologist of the
Baroda University did join us but could not visit this fossil site but
he been so happy to see these findings. The fossil site is at about
3-4 meters from sea levels. and layer above that are in hillside
clearly showing the gastropods fossils. which provides clues of the
process time of the fossilisation.
Which suggests that the wood fossils layers are older than the
marine fossils of the area. Not only that complete observation of wood
fossil showed that, the wood fossil was a whole tree with roots in the
in the sediment layers. and also wood has been decayed before the
process of the silicosis and fossilisation process. Decayed
discoloured layers of the wood fossils are still clearly visible in
places. suggesting that before the fossilisation of the tree trunk,
has roots in the Grounds. and tree trunk was in the in process of
decaying also tree trunk was infested with termite ancestors - almost
similar to today's termites (termites and many insects not much
changed since than) and tree trunk is seen with layers of termites
residence Sandy layers. may be termites ancestor be found in the
fossils form in side tree trunk as in very rare case of soft body fossils.
The resulted in Decaying process and wood insects (TERMITES)
have infested the tree trunk before the fossilisation process. Though
many geologist do contradict the process and views but references
suggests that there are no doubts of the dating time and process and
decaying and putrefying wood and also fossilisation process.
Northern side of Hills of BHANJANO Hills are in Landslide
collapsed at nearly 30 degree slope. which is not visible from as we
see from south side of the Hills. But with confirmation of BSF rangers
and people who visited RANN and North of the Hills of BHANJANO' we
could confirm that as we see from satellite views. Some such tectonic
activity might be responsible for that to do so.
Evolution History suggests that TERMITES did persist during
that time and fossil is also clearly favouring the views.
References: Insect Evolving Carboniferous 355-295 MYA, Page 28
ISBN 0-7513-0955-9 ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PRE-HISTORIC LIFE EXPLAINS
THAT as:
First known insects were tiny wingless arthropods tat lived in
Devonian period. Many scientists think that insects share an ancestor
with the Crustaceans.
By 320 MYA some insects had developed wings . flying insects
developed different types of wings. The Flowering plants that arose in
cretaceous times provided food. Nectar lapping butterflies and pollen
eating bees were existing during that time.
By 220 MYA ant like termites were forming 'Cities' in which
different individuals performed specialised tasks. Later Ants, Bees,
and Wasps also formed the colonies. Insects have proven so successful
that the world now teems with millions of insect species. No other
land based arthropods are so plentiful or varied.
1) Wood Fossil With termite HOLES 2) Real Live TREE
With termite HOLES
By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
President:'Kutch Science Foundation'.
Founder :'Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch'.
Life Member:'kutch Itihaas Parishad'.
http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience/http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience/http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia/http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh/
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India,
Science Group of India.
Dear friends of science and Geology,
Sub:-Wood fossils of Kutch RANN with Termites Holes in the wood fossils.
During our last Geo-Archaeological expedition of Kutch and Rann area
we have very surprising results. we also visited Dholavira and also
the Hills of Dholavira. We planned to route the Maruda Takkar Oldest
port 15000 years old in the Middle of the Rann of KUTCH and also visit
the WOOD Fossil site of the Rann Of KUTCH. Though Later Dr Sringarpure
the retired palaeontologist of the Baroda University did join us but
could not visit this fossil site but he been so happy to see these
findings.
The fossil site is at about 3-4 meters from sea levels. and layer
above that are in hillside clearly showing the gastropods fossils.
which provides clues of the process time of the fossilisation.
Which suggests that the wood fossils layers are older than the marine
fossils of the area. Not only that complete observation of wood fossil
are showed that,
The wood fossil was a whole tree with roots in the in the sediment
layers. and also wood has been decayed before the process of the
silicosis and fossilisation process.
Decayed discoloured layers of the wood fossils are still clearly
visible in places. suggesting that before the fossilisation of the
tree trunk, has roots in the Grounds.
But some tectonic activity might have done that to do so. which
resulted in Decaying process and wood insects (TERMITES) have infested
the tree trunk before the fossilisation process.
Though many geologist do contradict the process and views but
references suggests that there are no doubts of the dating time and
process and decaying and putrefying wood and also Evolution History
suggests that TERMITES did persist during that time and fossil is also
clearly favouring the views.
References: Insect Evolving Carboniferous 355-295 MYA, Page 28 ISBN
0-7513-0955-9 ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PRE-HISTORIC LIFE EXPLAINS THAT as:
First known insects were tiny wingless arthropods tat lived in
Devonian period. Many scientist think that insects share an ancestor
with the Crustaceans.
By 320 MYA some insects had developed wings . flying insects
developed different types of wings. The Flowering plants that arose in
cretaceous times provided food. Nectar lapping butterflies and pollen
eating bees were existing during that time.
By 220 MYA ant like termites were forming "Cities" in which different
individuals performed specialised tasks. Later Ants, Bees, and Wasps
also formed the colonies. Insects have proven so successful that te
world now teems wit millions of insect species. No other land based
arthropods are so plentiful or varied.
1) Wood Fossil With termite HOLES 2) Real Live TREE With
termite HOLES
By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of I
Dear friends of science and Astronomy,
[This artist rendering released by NASA/JPL-Caltech, Tuesday, Nov. 6,
2007, shows four of the five planets that orbit 55 Cancri, a star much
like our own. The most recently discovered planet, and the fourth out
from the star, looms large in the foreground. Astronomers said Tuesday
they have discovered a fifth planet orbiting a sun-like star 41 light
years away, making it the first planetary quintet outside our solar
system. The newfound planet joins four others circling the nearby star
55 Cancri in the constellation Cancer. (AP Photo/NASA JPL CalTech)]
<http://us.f83.mail.yahoo.com/photo/071106/480/1a1f8e2baecb4017bc4d228a4\
5a96f02;_ylt=At_W9rhec48WTHwTBs.lGqhxieAA>
<http://us.f83.mail.yahoo.com/photo/071106/480/1a1f8e2baecb4017bc4d228a4\
5a96f02;_ylt=At_W9rhec48WTHwTBs.lGqhxieAA> AP Photo:
<http://us.f83.mail.yahoo.com/photo/071106/480/1a1f8e2baecb4017bc4d228a4\
5a96f02;_ylt=AuqYqmWJP04XXm4Tq8GWD.lxieAA> This artist rendering
released by NASA/JPL-Caltech, Tuesday, Nov. 6, 2007, shows four of the
five...
Tue Nov 6, 5:32 PM ET
LOS ANGELES - A new planet was discovered orbiting a sun-like star 41
light years away, making it the first known planetary quintet outside
our solar system, astronomers said Tuesday.
The newfound planet joins four others circling the nearby star 55 Cancri
in the constellation Cancer. Although it resides in the star's
so-called habitable zone, a place where liquid water and mild
temperatures should exist, it is more like Saturn than Earth and
therefore not likely to support life.
Still, scientists have not ruled out the possibility of finding an
Earth-like planet within the system as technology improves.
"It's a system that appears to be packed with planets," said
co-discoverer Debra Fischer, an astronomer at San Francisco State
University.
Ranked fourth from 55 Cancri, the latest planet is about 45 times the
mass of Earth and has an orbit of 260 days. It was detected after
nearly two decades of observations by ground-based telescopes using the
Doppler technique that measures a planet's stellar wobble.
The other planets in the 55 Cancri system were discovered between 1996
and 2004. The innermost planet is believed to resemble Neptune, while
the most distant is thought to be Jupiter-like.
Scientists have detected about 250 exoplanets, or planets orbiting a
star other than the sun. The 55 Cancri star holds the record for number
of confirmed planets. Only one other star is known to have four
planets, while several others have three or less.
"We can now say there are stars like the sun that have many worlds
around them," said planetary scientist Jonathan Lunine of the
University of Arizona, Tucson, who had no role in the discovery.
The research will appear in a future issue of the Astrophysical
Journal. It was funded by NASA, the National Science Foundation and the
University of California.
The latest discovery shows that our solar system is not unique,
scientists said.
"When you look up into the night sky and see the twinkling lights of
stars, you can imagine with certainty that they have their own
complement of planets," said astronomer Geoff Marcy of the University
of California, Berkeley, who was part of the research.
Forwarded By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
<http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/>
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@...
<../../../../kutchitihasparishad/post?postID=y-45gBN_vSZJVeec3ZN6y7XZ3wn\
8A42UKA3Sbf1z_wbnNzeLg4ojrgKFkw5EKL4FbewvLPv5UWcPLpX_2yTyUA> ,
kutchscience@...
<../../../../kutchitihasparishad/post?postID=xcg0RBzdxEE8lrpzSYLeUKjemnQ\
LFYDF6v7xKuf7ryZu8X6v8CvuLJMQqTPj7245dd50Z3aJ9_3PtDvldB4> ,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/
<http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/>
http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
<http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience>
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
<http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000>
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
<../../../../scienceclubofindia>
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience <../../../../kutchscience>
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh <../../../../kachchh>
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj <../../../../bhuj> Do visit our
ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science Group of India.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Dear Librarians (Digital Data libraries) and friends Of Science, and many more
to come
We are updateing our Digital DATA libraries in our Science foundations. Now we
have Thosands of Books on many subjects of Science and other subjects of Maths
and engineerings as well.
Dear Librarians (Digital Data libraries) and friends Of Science, and many more
to come
Now We are updateing our Digital DATA libraries in our Science foundations And
many more to come.
We are updating our Digital DATA libraries in our Science foundations. Now we
have Thousands of Books on many subjects of Science and other subjects of Maths
and engineering as well.
1) Thousands of books on Computer and IT Science libraries - 1000+ books
2) Books on Mathematics
3) Books On Astronomy and Space science including Asimov’s science fiction
library.
4) Ancient Books of Astronomy Science
4) Home science and Cooking
6) Actuarial science and predictions
7) Physics Complete library. 100s of books
8) Chemistry Complete library 100s of Books
9) Biology Complete Library 100s of Books
10) Human Anatomy Science Medical Library
11) Full medical science library 100s of Books
12) Handicrafts and Stitching books
13) Robotic science and technology Books
14) Vedic (PURANs NAAD VEDAs) Library including all 18 Purans and 4 Vedas
15) Archaeological library
16) Geological Science Library including fossils and DINO fossils complete sets
of Photographic libraries
17) History, Science Documentary and science Discoveries and civilisations
Digital and digital Video libraries.
18) Reference Library of ancient civilisation and geological science library of
Kutch
19) Reference Library for Birds and Environment & Nature library of Kutch
20) Digital Audio Library including Vedic audio, Asimov’s Science Fictions audio
Library
And many more to come
From yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President: "Kutch Science Foundation".Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club
- Bhuj – Kutch
".Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience/http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000/http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia/http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience/http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachch/hhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj/ Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of
Science club of India, ScienceGroup of India.
_________________________________________________________________
Get free emoticon packs and customisation from Windows Live.
http://www.pimpmylive.co.uk
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Dear Friends of Science and astronomy,
Future science research programs
Thanks for your reply. Now a days i am in UK to visit Ancient
archaeological place Stonehenge
and Dino Fossil sites of Isle of white and Cambrian region.
There after I plan to visit Egypt Cairo and Pyramids in
Luxor / Pyramids of Moons and Sun in MAYA civilisations of
Mexico.
I will return in Kutch back in monsoon time 2008 after rain in KUTCH for
further
Geo-Archaeological research expeditions with geologists and
archaeologist.
as this time climate is better for research expeditions in Kutch
environment.
Last research expedition file is attached.
Year 2009 is celebrated as an INTERNATIONAL ASTRONOMY year and
22 July 2009 is the date for an extra ordinary date as an another golden
opportunity
for INDIA in the year
of the INTERNATIONAL ASTRONOMY year. A total Solar Eclipse will cross
middle of INDIA from MAHUVA- BHAVNAGAR to SURAT and up to Darjiling via
BHOPAL.
WHOLE world scientists are expected together at this occasion in india
Map is attached
[The image
"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Solar_eclipse_an\
imate_%282009-Jul-22%29.gif" cannot be displayed, because it
contains errors.]
By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
mayur vaishnav <rcscrajkot@...> wrote:
Dear Dr. Bhudia,
Thank you very much for this information.
Personally I always wished to see your center but haven't had an
opportunity.
Thanks again.
Regards
Mayur Vaishnav
member managing committee.
TEAM RCSC RAJKOT
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Dear friends of Geology, History and Science,
Kutch Fossils evidence suggests that LAND of Kutch may be much older
than it was thought before.
Generally it has been believed that fossil found in Kutch goes back to
Jurassic 142 to 248 mn years and pre Jurassic period and up to Mesozoic
period and Land of kutch formation. And do not go beyond that But the
recent findings of fossils in KUTCH older than that time period suggest
that there has been some errors as fossils of Trilobites which falls
under the Palaeozoic period before that, in 248 to 545 mn years.
This year Dr Srigarpure , retired Palaeontologist from M S university of
baroda visited kutch and insisted to visit Khatrod Hills of kutch with
us. the JOINT expedition results were so exiting and putting furtherer
light on the kutch formation. as trilobites findings showed that kutch
may go back to the Cambrian period. Though no doubt upper
sedimentary layers are younger and have phase two fossils merged with
previous layers and undifferentiated from the older layers, the deeper
layers are of older time and may fall under Cambrian time.
Further research is needed by the experts of the respective field to
support the findings and so the permanent Working site is planned for
such research by kutch science foundation with the palaeontologist Dr
shigarpure. Such work with palaeontologists will put further lights on
geology and kutch land formation as at present there were no
palaeontologist settled in kutch to work in this field but only
temporary visiting palaeontologists visited kutch.
Also brachiopods microfissils of kutch will put further lights on that
matter. so palaeontologist working on the subjects of Microfossils of
kutch may put their work in support of that.
Also brachiopods microfissils of kutch will put further lights on that
matter. so palaeontologist working on the subjects of Microfossils of
kutch and Bryozoa and Brachiopods may put their work in support of that.
Marine bryozoans show up in the fossil record in the early part of the
Ordovician Period, <http://www.kgs.ku.edu/Extension/glossary.html#ordo>
about 470 million years ago. Fossil bryozoans are common in the Permian
<http://www.kgs.ku.edu/Extension/glossary.html#permian> rocks. Dr
ASHIT K Guha is working in the fields of Bryozoa Microfossils of kutch,
Bryozoa Microfossils of kutch are in Abundant in western kutch near
MURCHABAN asharam near MAD KOTADA CIVILISATIN region of MATANOMAD area.
Some of Pictures are chitchatted in mail attachments but if not visible
please let me know so i can forward those in separate email.
By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
<http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/>
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
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Hari shankar,
Thanks for your such an interest,
We plan a day visit on holiday time /Sundays, so we can start early in
the morning day light and finish by the evening day light as this type
of work can be best done in day light time. and always take guides of
Archaeologist and geologist of our group before we plan the expedition
and after completion for verification of our findings. so they also can
join. also historian of the group is always with us to give details of
history of the place. interested senior / retired citizens of
appropriate backgrounds do join with us as well as interested students
and school trip may join us. we take a guide from local area to guide us
in tracks and always seek for person who is well known of the area and
field we visit.
In Our geological tour to KHATROD range of Hills we had two school bus
from RD Varsani school and their staff. and in expedition in tapkeshwari
we had Dr Srigarpure retired paleontologist from Baroda and two of bhuj
Studets.
we carry out such expeditions only in SAVAN MONTH AFTER A RAIN IN KUTCH
SO in cool and comfortable weather , you can join us if you wish when we
plan the next in future years.
In bhuj@..., Harry Rajgor <harry_rajgor@...> wrote:
Thank you for such an informative narration. I would be interested to
know how many participated in this expedition? Was this a one day outing
or more?
Regards...
Harishanker Rajgor.
Dear friends of Archaeology and science,
Bhadli sentences are well famous in GUJARATI and so BHADLi as well, but
what is in Bhadli? We visited Kotada Bhadli and Kotada Tharavada on 5th
of August 2007 via Tharavada. And inquired about the KOTADA and we
arrived in Kotada village, but we arrived in a new Kotada village there.
We furtherer inquired about an OLD KOTADA village to old people of
KOTADA village but we could not get a trace of it. And with a God wish
we meet to one of Gadhavi farmer of the village and he said that there
is an old Kotada and is about 2km away from the village and is called
"GADHDO" farm but is difficult to reach there. We gathered all
our strengths and hope to go there but it started to rain and pour down.
So we have to leave the village earliest as there is a river on the way
back so we can not cross the river if it stars to flow as there is no
bridge.
Luckily we arrived to the temple on the river bank after crossing the
BHADLI Vaari River and had some warm Lunch and tea. And then started
the return journey to home but that was not decided by our fate . Rain
pour down so heavily so that we changed our route to return but we had
no luck and rain pour down about 19cm rain in 4 hours. And we were not
able to drive any where. We were so lucky that we had a flask of hot
drinks. So we took shelter in farms and had all hot drinks there and
made ourselves feel warm. On return we saw the wall of the farm
collapsed because of flooding due to that heavy rain. At last we started
our journey way back to home after four hours of stay there because of
flooding all around.
We got a furtherer chance to explore this area again after a fortnight
and we did not wished to miss that. So we came back to the place and
with help of the Gadhavi farmer we got a guide to take us there in
GADHDO farm. We explored the area but exploration was difficult because
of good rain a month ago and a fortnight ago, as vegetation grown too
high and ground was difficult to explore. But we surprised after the
exploration and what we could see. We found the whole 137 meter wide and
long, square farm covered with grown vegetation but foundation stones we
filmed that farm were there was the underground GADH. MAP is attached to
this documentation, Also found the grave bones, so also looked for
graves and we could trace the place of the ancient graves in the area.
To explore further in surroundings we also explored the adjacent river
bed called "Ganga vaari" River and we surprised to see the
elevation of remnant of the ancient Dam formation. We were in confusion
whether it may be a remnant of the ancient Dam formation or not. But to
our solution we found the water channel in just an upstream of the
remnant of the ancient Dam formation. And that was the confirmation of
what we were thinking of the remnant of the ancient Dam formation.
We met one of the shepherd "RABARI" he was also interested in
our exploration and we got one of the best guide in the area who was
well known to this area. We inquired about the area we wished to explore
and finding we had with us if we can see any other places nearby where
we can find such potteries and SHANKHS – sea shells. He was so
thrilled to see us in the area with them. He became our best guide to
show all routes to go to all places. Than we moved to other side of the
river to see the house foundation stones, graves, terracotta potteries
and also SHANKHS – sea shells. We documented all the places with
photography and filming.
Also we donated out finding of the SHANKHS – sea shells to the
department of the Archaeology in BHUJ so they can explore the area and
excavation of the area of GADH and make a further research on the one of
the hundred of such civilisation of KUTCH. Letter from the department of
Archaeology is attached here with the documentation.
Do not be surprised if you hear from any body that Madhapr of BHUJ -
KUTCH is an Indus place.
yes that is true. If you are in any doubt do not hesitate to contact the
department of archaeology in bhuj near middle school of BHUJ .
Area near the lake of MAGJIrai lake and area around it between river PAT
of madhapar and River Dhoravaav is that area but as the area is
industrialised and used for agriculture and also lake has been dug out
in past with new developments , all positive findings may be lost but
that's the BARE TRUTH.
PLACE NAMED WITH "RAI" ARE OLD LAKES ARE CIVILISATION PLACES
MOCHIRAI OF SUKHPAR - 40 HARAPPAN GRAVES ARE FOUND IN BAJARIYUN GAAM
AREA
SADHURAI OF GODPAR, JAMORAI BETWEEN GODPAR AND MANUKUVA, VICHANDRAI OF
MANUKUVA AND MAGJIRAI OF MADHAPAR.
SAR - MEANS SAROVAR ARE OLD CIVILISATION PLACES IN KUTCH .
BALASAR VAGAD NEAR GADHADA RASAJI
BHARASAR - HARAPPAN DAM AREA,
VADASAR - TARO -TALAV AREA OF THE VILLAGE
SUMARASAR - NENUNI DHAR CIVILISATION
DEVISAR - HAS MORE THAN ONE AREA OF
CIVILISATION AREA DEVISAR AND JATAWADA
BHADRESAR - BHADRESWAR
KHIRASARA , DAHISARA , MODSAR, Anandsar
MORO - MORA MEANS TAKARO - TIMBO
SARLI TIMBO - JIWA TIMBO ARE
VEKARA TIMBO OF VAGAD
VEKRA RAMPAR OF BHUJ
MOMAY MORA etc
GADH AND GADHADA OF KUTCH
GADHADA OF KHADIR NEAR RATANPAR
GADHADA RASAJI NEAR BALASAR IN VAGAD
GADHSHISHA
DEVPARGADH
RAPAR GADH
GADHWARI WADI - MEGHPAR IN BHUJ
GADHWARIWADI - KHIRSARA NETRA NAKHATRANA
PANDYANO GADH etc
GADHADA OF BHAVNAGAR ON RIVER BANKS OF GHELO RIVER.
KOT - KOTADA - KOTDI OF KUTCH
KANTH KOT
KOTADA CHAKAR REHA - UGAMANA AND ATHAMANA KOTADA - GADHADO AREA HAS GADH
IN GROUNDS
KOTADA BHADLI THARAVADA IN NAKHTRANA
Kotada (Roha) has OLD KOTDA near village Kotada and Khirasara
KOTADA THARAVADA IN ANJAR
KOTADA IN ZURA
KOTADA JADODAR
KOTADA - KOTADI OF DHOLAVIRA
KOTAY - KOTESHWAR
KATESHWAR - LAKHAPAT
LOTESHWAR - NARAYAN SAROVAR
ALSO KOTADA CHANDRANI
KOTAD AND KOTADA UNCHA OF MAHUVA BHAVNAGAR
KOTADA SANGANI ON BAY OF BANKS OF KUTCH - MORVI
LIST OF SITES OF SARASVATI CIVILIZATION of KUTCH
Maghjirai Madhapar Bhuj, Bajariyu near Mochirai Sukhpar Bhuj , Gadhwari
wadi Meghpar Bhuj, Harappan Damm area of Bharasar Bhuj and TARO area of
Vadasar are amongst the OLD CIVILISATION AREAs not included in list
below.
Archaeologists are attracted to the places of the name with Kotada -
kotadi, There are about more than hundred archaeological sites in Kutch
(Harappan / Indus / sarasvati ). amongst Dholavira and Kuran Moti are
well-known and some are Khedoi , Lakhapar and kali Ramvav near RAMVAV in
Rapar. Jhura Kotadi, Meghpar GadhWARI wadi, Sukhpar Bajariyo nearZadko -
Zadki, Surkotada , MadKotada, RaparGADH, and so ....on. archaeologists
are attracted to the places of the name with Kotada - kotadi eithet it
may be a Kotada - kotadi of Dholavira or kotada jadodar,Kotada bhadli,
Kotada sangani, kotada Roha, Kotada Bhadli, Kotada mad, Kotada chakar or
any kotada/ kotadi and also to the GADH eg GADHWARI WADI, Bajario GADH,
Bajariyu Gaam.
SITE DISTRICT
SIZE PERIODS
COORD. COORD. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bhachau Kutch Medieval
IAR 1985-86: 17
Chitrod Kutch Mature Harappan
23 24 00 N 70 40 00 E IAR 1977-78: 20
Joshi et al 1984: 529
Desalpur Kutch
1.3 Early Historic Mature Harappan 23 37
00 N 69 08 00E IAR 1955-56: 69-70 Rao 1963a:
188, 205
Dholavira Kutch 60 Mature Harappan
23 53 10 N 70 13 00 E IAR 1967-68: 17
Amri-Nal Possehl 1980: 97 Joshi et al 1984: 529 Bisht 1989, 1991
Gadhwaliwadi Kutch Mature Harappan
23 30 00 N 69 08 00 E IAR 1976-77: 74 IAR
1978-79: 94 Joshi et al 1984: 529
Mochirai Zadko Kutch Mature Harappan
23 13 00 N 69 37 00 E
BHARASAR dam Kutch Mature Harappan
23 10 00 N 69 34 00 E
Zura Kotadi Kutch Mature Harappan
23 24 00 N 69 36 00 E
Gameri Kutch Medieva Post-urban
Harappanl
IAR 1985-86: 17
Gunthai Kutch Mature Harappan
23 28 00 N 69 09 00 E Possehl 1980: 98
Joshi et al 1984: 529
Jagaroh Kutch Medieval
Post-urban Harappan 23 21 00 N 70 11 00 E
IAR 1986-87: 29
Jatavadar Kutch Mature Harappan
23 45 00 N 70 40 00 E Joshi et al 1984:
529
JataVira Kutch Mature Harappan
23 27 00 N 69 15 00 E
LAKHIYAVIRA Kutch Mature Harappan
23 22 00 N 69 20 00 E
Kotay(Koteshwar) Kutch Mature Harappan
23 23 00 N 69 48 00 E
Jhangar Anjar Kutch 8 Mature Harappan
23 19 00 N 70 05 00 E IAR 1965-66: 14
Possehl 1980: 100 Joshi et al 1984: 528 Joshi 1990b: 418
Jhangar Khavada Kutch Mature Harappan
23 53 00 N 69 44 00 E Chitalwala 1985: key
fig. 8
Juna Chopadwa Kutch Mature Harappan
23 16 00 N 70 15 00 E IAR 1986-87: 29
Kanmer Kutch Medieval Mature
Harappan
IAR 1985-86: 19
Kanthkot Kutch Mature Harappan
23 29 00 N 70 29 00 E IAR 1967-68: 17
Possehl 1980: 102 Joshi et al 1984: 529
Katasar Kutch Late Sorath Harappan
23 34 00 N 70 29 00 E Rao 1963a: 188,
206 Possehl 1980: 102 Joshi et al 1984: 528
Kerasi Kutch
30.5 Mature Harappan
23 40 00 N 70 44 00 E IAR 1965-66: 12
Possehl 1980: 102 Joshi et al 1984: 529 Joshi 1990: 412
Khakhra Dera Kutch Mature Harappan
23 34 00 N 70 29 00 E IAR 1960-61: 8
Possehl 1980: 103 Joshi et al 1984: 529
Khandariya Kutch Late Medieval Mature
Harappan
IAR 1985-86: 19
Kharika Khanda Kutch Mature Harappan
23 27 00 N 70 19 00 E IAR 1965-66: 14
Possehl 1980: 105 Joshi et al 1984: 529
Khavda Kutch Mature Harappan
IAR 1977-78: 20
Khedoi Kutch Mature Harappan
23 03 00 N 69 57 00 E IAR 1970: 13
Microliths IAR 1976-77: 15 Joshi et al 1984: 529
Kotada Bhadli One Kutch 3 Lustrous Red Ware Mature Harappan 23 22 00 N
69 26 00 E IAR 1965-66: 14-6 Possehl 1980: 105 Joshi et al 1984: 529
Kotada Bhadli Three Kutch Mature Harappan 23 22 00 N 69 26 00 E
IAR 1965-66: 14-6 Possehl 1980: 105
Kotada Bhadli Two Kutch 8 Mature Harappan 23 22 00 N 69 26 00 E IAR
1965-66: 14-6 Possehl 1980: 105 Joshi et al 1984: 529
Kotada Kutch Kutch Lustrous Red Ware
23 18 00 N 70 06 00 E Possehl 1980:
106 Mature Harappan Joshi et al 1984: 529
Kotahra Kutch Mature Harappan
IAR 1977-78: 20
Kateshwar (Lakhpat) Kutch Mature Harappan
23 46 00 N 68 52 00 E
Kotara Kutch Mature Harappan
23 58 00 N 69 47 00 E IAR 1967-68: 17
Possehl 1980: 106 Joshi et al 1984: 529
Lodai Kutch Mature Harappan Post-urban
Harappan
IAR 1955-56: 69-70
Lakhasar One Kutch Mature Harappan
23 14 00 N 70 41 00 E IAR 1986-87:
29
Lakhasar Two Kutch Mature Harappan
23 14 00 N 70 41 00 E IAR 1986-87:
29
Lakhpar Kutch
8 Mature Harappan
23 33 00 N 70 28 00 E IAR 1965-66:
16 Possehl 1980: 107 Joshi et al 1984: 529 Joshi 1990b: 418
Lakhpat Kutch Mature Harappan
23 50 00 N 68 47 00 E IAR
1960-61: 8 Possehl 1980: 108
Luna Kutch Mature Harappan
23 40 00 N 69 15 00 E Rao
1963a: 206 Possehl 1980: 108 Joshi et al 1984: 528
Luna Mandvi Kutch Mature Harappan
22 50 00 N 69 24 00 E Possehl
1980: 108 Joshi et al 1984: 528
Rayan Juni Mandvi Kutch Mature Harappan
22 52 00 N 69 21 00 E Possehl
1980: 108 Joshi et al 1984: 528
Mandriyara Mohra Kutch Medieval Mature Harappan
23 30 00 N 70 16 00 E IAR
1986-87: 29
Meghper Kutch Mature Harappan
IAR 1980-81: 10
Morvo Kutch Mature Harappan
23 50 00 N 70 42 00 E IAR
1967-68: 17 Joshi 1972: 114 Possehl 1980: 110 Joshi et al 1984: 529
Mulu Kutch Mature Harappan
IAR 1979-80: 17
Narapa Kutch Mature Harappan
23 29 00 N 69 09 00 E
IAR 1967-68: 17 Possehl 1980: 110 Joshi et al 1984: 529
Nadapa Caves Kutch Mature Harappan
23 19 00 N 69 55 00 E
Navinal Kutch Mature Harappan
22 50 00 N 69 35 00 E
Rao 1963a: 206 Possehl 1980: 111 Joshi et al 1984: 528
Nenuni Dhar Kutch Mature Harappan
23 51 00 N 69 44 00 E
IAR 1967-68: 17 Possehl 1980: 111
Joshi et al 1984: 528-9
Ner Nesdo Kutch Mature Harappan Sorath Harappan
IAR 1980-81: 10 Chitalwala 1985: key fig. 8
Netra Khirasara Kutch Red Polished Ware Mature
Harappan
IAR 1969-70: 6 IAR 1976-77: 74
Pabumath Kutch
1.5 Late Sorath Harappan Mature Harappan 23 37 00 N
70 31 00 E IAR 1977-78: 21 Possehl 1980:
111 Joshi et al 1984: 528-9
Paria Waro Mohra Kutch Medieval Post-urban Harappan
23 06 00 N 70 05 00 E
IAR 1986-87: 29
Patel Raniji Ka Magsa Kutch Post-urban Harappan
23 06 00 N 70 11 00 E
IAR 1986-87: 29
Pirwada Khetar Kutch Mature Harappan
23 20 00 N 70 00 00 E
IAR 1965-66: 17 Possehl 1980: 112 Joshi et al 1984: 529
Rampar Vekarano Timbo Kutch Mature Harappan
IAR 1967-68: 9 Posshl 1980: 114
Rampar Sorath Harappan
Chitalwala 1985: key fig. 8
Rampara Kutch Mature Harappan
23 30 00 N 70 45 00 E
Joshi et al 1984: 529
Ramvav Kutch Mature Harappan
23 32 00 N 70 28 00 E
IAR 1977-78: 20 Joshi et al 1984: 529
Samagogha Kutch Late Sorath Harappan Mature Harappan
22 55 00 N 69 40 00 E
Possehl 1980: 115 Joshi et al 1984: 528
Sapara Kutch Mature Harappan
IAR 1979-80: 17
Selari Kutch Mature Harappan
23 42 00 N 70 37 00 E
IAR 1967-68: 17 Possehl 1980: 115 Joshi et al 1984: 529
Shikarpur Kutch Kutch
5.3 Mature Harappan 23 07 00 N
70 35 00 E IAR 1986-87: 80
Surkotada Kutch
1.4 Early to Mature Mature Harappan Harappan 23 37 00 N
70 50 00 E IAR 1964-65: 12 Possehl
1980: 116 Joshi et al 1984: 528
Toda Timbo Kutch Mature Harappan
IAR 1955-56: 70
Todio Kutch Mature Harappan
23 05 00 N 68 55 00 E
Rao 1963a: 188, 207 Possehl 1980: 118 Joshi et al 1984: 529
Vada Kutch Mature Harappan
23 29 00 N 69 07 00 E
IAR 1967-68: 17 Possehl 1980: 118 Joshi et al 1984: 529
Vaidwali Mohra Kutch Post-urban Harappan
IAR 1985-86: 17
Rapar gadhwari Kutch Post-urban Harappan
23 06 00 N 68 47 00 E
Rampar Abada wari Kutch Post-urban Harappan
23 20 00 N 68 48 00 E
Kotada Chakar Kutch Post-urban Harappan
23 06 00 N 69 44 00 E
Kotada MAD Kutch Post-urban Harappan
23 28 00 N 68 54 00 E
Bhadreshwar Kutch Post-urban Harappan
22 54 00 N 69 54 00 E
Gadhada Khadir Kutch Mature Harappan
23 54 00 N 70 26 00 E
KANTHKOT Kutch Mature Harappan
23 29 N 70 28 00 E
From yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA .
http://uk.groups. yahoo.com/ group/venustrans it_2004/
<http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/>
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder:Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club Bhuj-Kutch.
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
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Bhadli Kotada civilisation and research findings - Research
communication
Dear friends of Archaeology and science, Bhadli sentences are well
famous in GUJARATI and so BHADLI as well, but what is in Bhadli? We
visited Kotada Bhadli and Kotada Tharavada on 5th of August 2007 via
Tharavada. And inquired about the KOTADA and we arrived in Kotada
village, but we arrived in a new Kotada village there. We furtherer
inquired about an OLD KOTADA village to old people of KOTADA village but
we could not get a trace of it. And with a God wish we meet to one of
Gadhavi farmer of the village and he said that ther iss an old Kotada
and is about 2km away from the village and is called "GADHDO"
farm but is difficult to reach there. We gathered all our strengths and
hope to go there but before we start to go there it started to rain and
pour down. So we have to leave the village earliest as there was a river
on the way back so we can not cross the river if it stars to flow as
there is no bridge. Luckily we arrived to the temple on the river bank
after crossing the BHADLI Vaari River and had some warm Lunch and tea.
And then started the return journey to home but that was not decided by
our fate. Rain pour down so heavily so that we changed out rout to
return but we had no luck and rain pour down about 19cm rain in 4 hours.
And we were not able to drive any where. We were so lucky that we had a
flask of hot drinks. So we took shelter in farms and had all hot drinks
there and made ourselves feel warm. On return we saw the wall of the
farm collapsed because of flooding due to that heavy rain. At last we
started our journey way back to home after four hours of stay there
because of flooding all around. We\got a furtherer chance to explore
this area again after a fortnight and we did not wished to miss that. So
we came back to the place and with help of the Gadhavi farmer we got a
guide to take us there in GADHDO farm. We explored the area but
exploration was difficult because of good rain a month ago and a
fortnight ago as vegetation grown too high and ground was difficult to
explore. But we surprised after the exploration and what we could see.
We found the whole 137meter wide and long, square farm covered with
grown vegetation but foundation stones we filmed were from the GADH
underground of that farm. MAP is attached to this documentation Also
found the grave bones, so also looked for graves and we could trace the
place of the ancient graves in the area. To explore
further in surroundings we also explored the adjacent river bed called
" Ganga vaari" River and we surprised to see the elevation of
remnant of the ancient Dam formation. We were in confusion whether it
may be a remnant of the ancient Dam formation or not. But to our
solution we found the water channel in just an upstream of the remnant
of the ancient Dam formation. And that was the confirmation of what we
were thinking of the remnant of the ancient Dam formation. We
met one of the shepherd "RABARI" he was also interested in our
exploration and we got one of the best guide in the area who was well
known to this area. We inquired about the area we wished to explore and
finding we had with us if we can see any other places nearby where we
can find such potteries and SHANKHS – sea shells. He was so thrilled
to see us in the area with them. He became our best guide to show all
routes to go to all places. Than we moved to other side of the river
to see the house foundation stones, graves, terracotta potteries and
also SHANKHS – sea shells. We documented all the places with
photography and filming. Also we donated out finding of the SHANKHS
– sea shells to the department of the Archaeology in BHUJ so they
can explore the area and excavation of the area of GADH and make a
further research on the one of the hundred of such civilisation of KUTCH
. Letter from the department of Archaeology is attached here with the
documentation. Archaeologists are attracted to the places of
the name with Kotada - kotadi, There are about more than hundred
archaeological sites in Kutch (Harappan / Indus / sarasvati ). amongst
Dholavira and Kuran Moti are well-known and some are Khedoi , Lakhapar
and kali Ramvav near RAMVAV in Rapar. Jhura Kotadi, Meghpar GadhWARI
wadi, Sukhpar Bajariyo nearZadko - Zadki, Surkotada , MadKotada,
RaparGADH, and so ....on. archaeologists are attracted to the places of
the name with Kotada - kotadi eithet it may be a Kotada - kotadi of
Dholavira or kotada jadodar,Kotada bhadli, Kotada sangani, kotada Roha,
Kotada Bhadli, Kotada mad, Kotada chakar or any kotada/ kotadi and also
to the GADH eg GADHWARI WADI, Bajario GADH, Bajariyu Gaam. LIST OF
SITES OF SARASVATI CIVILIZATION of KUTCH SITE DISTRICT
SIZE PERIODS
COORD. COORD. BIBLIOGRAPHY Bhachau
Kutch Medieval
IAR 1985-86: 17 Chitrod Kutch
Mature Harappan 23 24 00 N
70 40 00 E IAR 1977-78: 20 Joshi et al 1984: 529
Desalpur Kutch 1.3 Early Historic
Mature Harappan 23 37 00 N 69 08 00E
IAR 1955-56: 69-70 Rao 1963a: 188, 205 Dholavira Kutch
60 Mature Harappan
23 53 10 N 70 13 00 E IAR 1967-68: 17
Amri-Nal Possehl 1980: 97 Joshi et al 1984: 529 Bisht 1989, 1991
Gadhwaliwadi Kutch Mature Harappan
23 30 00 N 69 08 00 E IAR 1976-77: 74 IAR
1978-79: 94 Joshi et al 1984: 529 Mochirai Zadko Kutch
Mature Harappan 23 13 00 N
69 37 00 E BHARASAR dam Kutch Mature
Harappan 23 10 00 N 69 34
00 E Zura Kotadi Kutch Mature
Harappan 23 24 00 N 69 36
00 E Gameri Kutch Medieva
Post-urban Harappanl
IAR 1985-86: 17 Gunthai Kutch
Mature Harappan 23 28 00 N
69 09 00 E Possehl 1980: 98 Joshi et al 1984: 529
Jagaroh Kutch Medieval
Post-urban Harappan 23 21 00 N 70 11 00 E
IAR 1986-87: 29 Jatavadar Kutch
Mature Harappan 23 45 00 N
70 40 00 E Joshi et al 1984: 529 JataVira
Kutch Mature Harappan
23 27 00 N 69 15 00 E LAKHIYAVIRA Kutch
Mature Harappan 23 22 00 N
69 20 00 E Kotay(Koteshwar) Kutch Mature
Harappan 23 23 00 N
69 48 00 E Jhangar Anjar Kutch 8 Mature
Harappan 23 19 00 N
70 05 00 E IAR 1965-66: 14 Possehl 1980: 100 Joshi et al
1984: 528 Joshi 1990b: 418 Jhangar Khavada Kutch
Mature Harappan 23 53 00 N
69 44 00 E Chitalwala 1985: key fig. 8 Juna Chopadwa
Kutch Mature Harappan
23 16 00 N 70 15 00 E IAR 1986-87: 29
Kanmer Kutch Medieval Mature
Harappan
IAR 1985-86: 19 Kanthkot Kutch
Mature Harappan 23 29 00 N
70 29 00 E IAR 1967-68: 17 Possehl 1980: 102 Joshi et al
1984: 529 Katasar Kutch Late Sorath
Harappan 23 34 00 N
70 29 00 E Rao 1963a: 188, 206 Possehl 1980: 102 Joshi
et al 1984: 528 Kerasi Kutch 30.5 Mature
Harappan 23 40 00 N
70 44 00 E IAR 1965-66: 12 Possehl 1980: 102 Joshi et al
1984: 529 Joshi 1990: 412 Khakhra Dera Kutch
Mature Harappan 23 34 00 N
70 29 00 E IAR 1960-61: 8 Possehl 1980: 103 Joshi et al
1984: 529 Khandariya Kutch Late Medieval
Mature Harappan
IAR 1985-86: 19 Kharika Khanda Kutch Mature
Harappan 23 27 00 N
70 19 00 E IAR 1965-66: 14 Possehl 1980: 105 Joshi et al
1984: 529 Khavda Kutch Mature Harappan
IAR 1977-78: 20 Khedoi Kutch Mature
Harappan 23 03 00 N
69 57 00 E IAR 1970: 13 Microliths IAR 1976-77: 15
Joshi et al 1984: 529 Kotada Bhadli One Kutch 3 Lustrous Red Ware
Mature Harappan 23 22 00 N 69 26 00 E IAR 1965-66: 14-6 Possehl 1980:
105 Joshi et al 1984: 529 Kotada Bhadli Three Kutch Mature Harappan
23 22 00 N 69 26 00 E IAR 1965-66: 14-6 Possehl 1980: 105 Kotada
Bhadli Two Kutch 8 Mature Harappan 23 22 00 N 69 26 00 E IAR 1965-66:
14-6 Possehl 1980: 105 Joshi et al 1984: 529 Kotada Kutch
Kutch Lustrous Red Ware
23 18 00 N 70 06 00 E Possehl 1980:
106 Mature Harappan Joshi et al 1984: 529 Kotahra Kutch
Mature Harappan
IAR 1977-78: 20 Kateshwar (Lakhpat) Kutch Mature
Harappan 23 46 00 N
68 52 00 E Kotara Kutch Mature Harappan
23 58 00 N 69 47 00 E IAR 1967-68: 17
Possehl 1980: 106 Joshi et al 1984: 529 Lodai Kutch
Mature Harappan Post-urban Harappan
IAR 1955-56: 69-70 Lakhasar One Kutch Mature
Harappan 23 14 00 N
70 41 00 E IAR 1986-87: 29 Lakhasar Two Kutch
Mature Harappan 23 14
00 N 70 41 00 E IAR 1986-87: 29
Lakhpar Kutch 8 Mature Harappan
23 33 00 N 70 28 00 E IAR 1965-66:
16 Possehl 1980: 107 Joshi et al 1984: 529 Joshi 1990b: 418 Lakhpat
Kutch Mature Harappan
23 50 00 N 68 47 00 E IAR
1960-61: 8 Possehl 1980: 108 Luna Kutch
Mature Harappan 23 40 00
N 69 15 00 E Rao 1963a: 206
Possehl 1980: 108 Joshi et al 1984: 528 Luna Mandvi Kutch Mature
Harappan
22 50 00 N 69 24 00 E Possehl
1980: 108 Joshi et al 1984: 528 Rayan Juni Mandvi Kutch
Mature Harappan 22 52 00
N 69 21 00 E Possehl 1980:
108 Joshi et al 1984: 528 Mandriyara Mohra Kutch Medieval
Mature Harappan 23 30 00 N
70 16 00 E IAR 1986-87: 29 Meghper Kutch
Mature Harappan
IAR 1980-81: 10 Morvo Kutch Mature
Harappan 23 50 00 N
70 42 00 E IAR 1967-68: 17 Joshi 1972: 114 Possehl
1980: 110 Joshi et al 1984: 529 Mulu Kutch
Mature Harappan
IAR 1979-80: 17 Narapa Kutch Mature Harappan
23 29 00 N 69 09 00 E
IAR 1967-68: 17 Possehl 1980: 110 Joshi et al 1984: 529 Nadapa Caves
Kutch Mature Harappan
23 19 00 N 69 55 00 E Navinal Kutch
Mature Harappan 22 50 00 N
69 35 00 E Rao 1963a: 206 Possehl 1980: 111
Joshi et al 1984: 528 Nenuni Dhar Kutch Mature
Harappan 23 51 00 N
69 44 00 E IAR 1967-68: 17 Possehl 1980: 111
Joshi et al 1984: 528-9 Ner Nesdo Kutch Mature
Harappan Sorath Harappan
IAR 1980-81: 10 Chitalwala 1985: key fig. 8 Netra Khirasara Kutch
Red Polished Ware Mature Harappan
IAR 1969-70: 6 IAR 1976-77: 74 Pabumath Kutch 1.5
Late Sorath Harappan Mature Harappan 23 37 00 N
70 31 00 E IAR 1977-78: 21 Possehl 1980: 111
Joshi et al 1984: 528-9 Paria Waro Mohra Kutch Medieval
Post-urban Harappan 23 06 00 N 70
05 00 E IAR 1986-87: 29 Patel Raniji Ka
Magsa Kutch Post-urban Harappan
23 06 00 N 70 11 00 E
IAR 1986-87: 29 Pirwada Khetar Kutch Mature Harappan
23 20 00 N 70 00 00 E
IAR 1965-66: 17 Possehl 1980: 112 Joshi et al 1984: 529 Rampar Vekarano
Timbo Kutch Mature Harappan
IAR 1967-68: 9 Posshl 1980: 114 Rampar
Sorath Harappan
Chitalwala 1985: key fig. 8 Rampara Kutch
Mature Harappan 23 30 00 N
70 45 00 E Joshi et al 1984: 529 Ramvav
Kutch Mature Harappan
23 32 00 N 70 28 00 E
IAR 1977-78: 20 Joshi et al 1984: 529 Samagogha Kutch
Late Sorath Harappan Mature Harappan 22 55 00 N
69 40 00 E Possehl 1980: 115 Joshi et
al 1984: 528 Sapara Kutch Mature Harappan
IAR 1979-80: 17 Selari Kutch Mature Harappan
23 42 00 N 70 37 00 E
IAR 1967-68: 17 Possehl 1980: 115 Joshi et al 1984: 529 Shikarpur Kutch
Kutch 5.3 Mature Harappan
23 07 00 N 70 35 00 E
IAR 1986-87: 80 Surkotada Kutch 1.4 Early to Mature
Mature Harappan Harappan 23 37 00 N 70 50 00 E
IAR 1964-65: 12 Possehl 1980: 116 Joshi et al 1984: 528 Toda Timbo
Kutch Mature Harappan
IAR 1955-56: 70 Todio Kutch Mature Harappan
23 05 00 N 68 55 00 E
Rao 1963a: 188, 207 Possehl 1980: 118 Joshi et al 1984: 529 Vada
Kutch Mature Harappan
23 29 00 N 69 07 00 E
IAR 1967-68: 17 Possehl 1980: 118 Joshi et al 1984: 529 Vaidwali Mohra
Kutch Post-urban Harappan
IAR 1985-86: 17 Rapar gadhwari Kutch Post-urban Harappan
23 06 00 N 68 47 00 E
Rampar Abada wari Kutch Post-urban Harappan
23 20 00 N 68 48 00 E Kotada Chakar
Kutch Post-urban Harappan 23 06 00
N 69 44 00 E Kotada MAD Kutch
Post-urban Harappan 23 28 00 N
68 54 00 E Bhadreshwar Kutch Post-urban
Harappan 22 54 00 N
69 54 00 E Gadhada Khadir Kutch Mature Harappan
23 54 00 N 70 26 00 E KANTHKOT Kutch
Mature Harappan 23 29 N
70 28 00 E From yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA .
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
<http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/>
President:"Kutch Science Foundation". Founder:Kutch Amateurs
Astronomers Club Bhuj-Kutch. Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@...
<../../../post?postID=3WfT8SadTMHLXgqwwC9ywcOqtucxc6kyjftiMrm-zTI9z68AgW\
SMnDgrTT3mJbOc2lH--fwlC62Sso6FoL65gA> , kutchscience@...
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kutch science foundation and ALSO JOIN US.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Dear friends of Archaeology science and history,
This time EQUINOX day is bit later on 23 September in 2007.
Wish you all a very happy EQUINOX day . soon you will be emailed An
Expedition report of KUTCH for GEOLOGY and Archeology.
UTC <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTC> Date and Time of Solstice
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solstice> and Equinox
year
Equinox
Mar
Solstice
June
Equinox
Sept
Solstice
Dec
day
time
day
time
day
time
day
time
2002
20
19:16
21
13:24
23
04:55
22
01:14
2003
21
01:00
21
19:10
23
10:47
22
07:04
2004
20
06:49
21
00:57
22
16:30
21
12:42
2005
20
12:33
21
06:46
22
22:23
21
18:35
2006
20
18:26
21
12:26
23
04:03
22
00:22
2007
21
00:07
21
18:06
23
09:51
22
06:08
2008
20
05:48
20
23:59
22
15:44
21
12:04
2009
20
11:44
21
05:45
22
21:18
21
17:47
2010
20
17:32
21
11:28
23
03:09
21
23:38
2011
20
23:21
21
17:16
23
09:04
22
05:30
2012
20
05:14
20
23:09
22
14:49
21
11:11
2013
20
11:02
21
05:04
22
20:44
21
17:11
2014
20
16:57
21
10:51
23
02:29
21
23:03
Do not be surprised if you hear from any body that Madhapr of BHUJ -
KUTCH is an Indus place.
yes that is true. If you are in any doubt do not hesitate to contact the
department of archaeology in bhuj near middle school of BHUJ.
Area near the lake of MAGJIrai lake and area around it between river PAT
of madhapar and River Dhoravaav is that area but as the area is
industrialised and used for agriculture and also lake has been dug out
in past with new developments , all positive findings may be lost but
that's the BARE TRUTH.
PLACE NAMED WITH "RAI" ARE OLD LAKES ARE CIVILISATION PLACES
MOCHIRAI OF SUKHPAR - 40 HARAPPAN GRAVES ARE FOUND IN BAJARIYUN GAAM
AREA
SADHURAI OF GODPAR, JAMORAI BETWEEN GODPAR AND MANUKUVA, VICHANDRAI OF
MANUKUVA AND MAGJIRAI OF MADHAPAR.
SAR - MEANS SAROVAR ARE OLD CIVILISATION PLACES IN KUTCH.
BALASAR VAGAD NEAR GADHADA RASAJI
BHARASAR - HARAPPAN DAM AREA,
VADASAR - TARO -TALAV AREA OF THE VILLAGE
SUMARASAR - NENUNI DHAR CIVILISATION
DEVISAR - HAS MORE THAN ONE AREA OF
CIVILISATION AREA DEVISAR AND JATAWADA
BHADRESAR - BHADRESWAR
KHIRASARA , DAHISARA , MODSAR, Anandsar
MORO - MORA MEANS TAKARO - TIMBO
SARLI TIMBO - JIWA TIMBO ARE
VEKARA TIMBO OF VAGAD
VEKRA RAMPAR OF BHUJ
MOMAY MORA etc
GADH AND GADHADA OF KUTCH
GADHADA OF KHADIR NEAR RATANPAR
GADHADA RASAJI NEAR BALASAR IN VAGAD
GADHSHISHA
DEVPARGADH
RAPAR GADH
GADHWARI WADI - MEGHPAR IN BHUJ
GADHWARIWADI - KHIRSARA NETRA NAKHATRANA
PANDYANO GADH etc
GADHADA OF BHAVNAGAR ON RIVER BANKS OF GHELO RIVER.
KOT - KOTADA - KOTDI OF KUTCH
KANTH KOT
KOTADA CHAKAR REHA - UGAMANA AND ATHAMANA KOTADA - GADHADO AREA HAS GADH
IN GROUNDS
KOTADA BHADLI THARAVADA IN NAKHTRANA
Kotada (Roha) has OLD KOTDA near village Kotada and Khirasara
KOTADA THARAVADA IN ANJAR
KOTADA IN ZURA
KOTADA JADODAR
KOTADA - KOTADI OF DHOLAVIRA
KOTAY - KOTESHWAR
KATESHWAR - LAKHAPAT
LOTESHWAR - NARAYAN SAROVAR
ALSO KOTADA CHANDRANI
KOTAD AND KOTADA UNCHA OF MAHUVA BHAVNAGAR
KOTADA SANGANI ON BAY OF BANKS OF KUTCH - MORVI
Wish you all a very happy EQUINOX day . soon you will be emailed An
Expedition report of KUTCH for GEOLOGY and Archaeology.
From yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
<http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/>
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder:Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club Bhuj-Kutch.
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@...
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Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science Group
of India & kutch science foundation and ALSO JOIN US.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Dear friends of science and astronomy,
Scores ill in Peru 'meteor crash'
The crater has been spewing fetid gases, reports say
Crater site Hundreds of people in Peru have needed treatment after an object
from space - said to be a meteorite - plummeted to Earth in a remote area,
officials say.
They say the object left a deep crater after crashing down over the weekend near
the town of Carancas in the Andes.
People who visited the scene have been complaining of headaches, vomiting and
nausea after inhaling gases.
A team of scientists is on its way to the site to collect samples and verify
whether it was indeed a meteorite.
Geologists have called on the authorities to stop people going near the crash
site.
Afraid
Nestor Quispe, the mayor of the municipality to which Carancas belongs, told the
BBC that many residents had been affected.
"Lots of people from the town of Carancas have fallen ill. They have headaches,
eye problems, irritated skin, nausea and vomiting," he said.
"I think there's also a certain psychological fear in the community."
Local resident Heber Mamani said a bull and some other animals had become ill.
"That is why we are asking for an analysis, because we are worried for our
people. They are afraid," he said.
Another local villager, Romulo Quispe, said people were worried that the water
was no longer safe to drink.
"This is the water we use for the animals, and for us, for everyone, and it
looks like it is contaminated," he said.
"We don't know what is going on at the moment, that is what we are worried
about."
The incident began on Saturday night, when people near Carancas in the remote
Puno region, some 1,300km (800 miles) south of Lima, reported seeing a fireball
in the sky coming towards them.
The object then hit the ground, leaving a 30m (98ft) wide and 6m (20ft) deep
crater.
The crater spewed what officials described as fetid, noxious gases.
Jorge Lopez, a health director in Puno, told Reuters news agency that he had an
irritated throat and itchy nose after visiting the site.
A local journalist, Martine Hanlon, told the BBC that experts did not believe
the meteor would make anybody sick, but they did think a chemical reaction
caused by its contact with the ground could release toxins such as sulphur and
arsenic.
An engineer from the Peruvian Nuclear Energy Institute told AFP news agency that
no radiation had been detected from the crater. He ruled out any possibility
that the fallen object might be a satellite.
_________________________________________________________________
The next generation of MSN Hotmail has arrived - Windows Live Hotmail
http://www.newhotmail.co.uk
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Vedic MathematicsVoltaire, the famous French writer and philosopher) stated
that "Pythagoras went to the Ganges to learn geometry." Abraham Seidenberg,
author of the authoritative "History of Mathematics," credits the Sulba Sutras
as inspiring all mathematics of the ancient world from Babylonia to Egypt to
Greece.As Voltaire & Seidenberg have stated, many highly significant
mathematical concepts have come from the Vedic culture, such as:The theorem
bearing the name of the Greek mathematician Pythagorus is found in the
Shatapatha Brahmana as well as the Sulba Sutra, the Indian mathematical
treatise, written centuries before Pythagorus was born. The Decimal system,
based on powers of ten, where the remainder is carried over to the next column,
first mentioned in the Taittiriya Samhita of the Black Yajurveda.The
Introduction of zero as both a numerical value and a place marker.The Concept of
infinity. The Binary number system, essential for computers, was used in Vedic
verse meters. A hashing technique, similar to that used by modern search
algorithms, such as Googles, was used in South Indian musicology. From the name
of a raga one can determine the notes of the raga from this Kathapayadi system.
(See Figure at left.) For further reading we refer you to this excellent article
on Vedic Mathematics.
_________________________________________________________________
Feel like a local wherever you go.
http://www.backofmyhand.com
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Dear friends of Health and science,
Fruit could make 'powerful fuel' Comments:- " WISH YOU SAVE YOUR FRUITS
for the Health and life and not for fuel."
The sugar found in fruit such as apples and oranges can be converted
into a new type of low carbon fuel for cars, US scientists have said.
The fuel, made from fructose, contains far more energy than ethanol, the
scientists write in the journal Nature. Separately, a British report on
biofuels says all types of waste products, including plastic bags, can
be used to make biodiesel fuel. Critics of biofuels made from plant
crops say they drive up food prices. In both the European Union and the
United States politicians have heartily embraced biofuels as a way of
reducing emissions of carbon dioxide and dependency on imported oil.
'Waste' fuel Critics say that the current biofuels, both diesel made
from palm oil and ethanol made from corn, encourage farmers to switch
land to fuel production, driving up the price of food in the process.
Now scientists at the University of Wisconsin-Madison say that a simple
sugar called fructose can be converted into a fuel that has many
advantages over ethanol.
[http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/shared/img/o.gif]
[http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/img/v3/start_quote_rb.gif] The
impact on society we're hoping will be far wider than simply 'we can
give you a fuel now with a tenfold reduction in its carbon footprint'
[http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/img/v3/end_quote_rb.gif]
Jeremy TomkinsonIt is called dimethylfuran - it can store 40% more
energy than ethanol, does not evaporate as easily and is less volatile.
The scientists say that fructose can be obtained directly from fruits
and plants or made from glucose. But more work needs to be done to
assess the environmental impact of this new fuel. In Britain,
researchers say that the technology now exists to create biodiesel not
just from palm oil but from a range of materials including wood, weeds
and plastic bags. This process is called biomass to liquid and experts
say that within six years up to 30% of Britain's diesel requirements
could be met from this source. Jeremy Tomkinson of the UK's National
Non-Food Crops Centre said this next generation of biofuels could meet
many needs beyond powering cars. "The impact on society we're hoping
will be far wider than simply 'we can give you a fuel now with a tenfold
reduction in its carbon footprint'. "Imagine now if chemicals that we
use in the chemical industry also came from the same feed stock, the
aircraft that we fly to New York in also runs on this? There's the big
potential," he said. The biggest drawback to this process is cost.
Setting up new production facilities is estimated to be 10 times higher
than for current biofuel refineries.
FORWARDED By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
<http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/>
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
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Dear Friends of Space science and Astronomy,
Firm rockets into space tourism http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/6749873.stm
The whole flight would last one-and-a-half hours
The European aerospace giant EADS is going into the space tourism business.
Its Astrium division says it will build a space plane capable of carrying
fare-paying passengers on a sub-orbital ride more than 100km above the planet.
The vehicle, which will take off from a normal airport, will give the tourists a
three-to-five-minute experience of weightlessness at the top of its climb.
Tickets are expected to cost up to 200,000 euros (£135,000), with flights likely
to begin in 2012.
There must be millions of people who have dreamt about this since they were
little kids
Marc Newson, designer"We believe it is the will of human beings to visit space
and we have to give them the possibility to do that," said Francois Auque, the
CEO of Astrium.
"Astrium is by far the largest space company in Europe, so we are very
knowledgeable in all these matters. We believe our concept is extremely safe,
extremely comfortable and cost effective," he told BBC News.
Two in one
EADS Astrium is the company that builds the Ariane rocket, which lofts most of
the world's commercial satellites. Its space jet is a very different concept,
however.
The passengers would get a few minutes of weightlessnessThe front end of a
full-scale model was unveiled at a publicity event in Paris on Wednesday. From a
certain angle, the vehicle resembles an ordinary executive aircraft - but its
engineers claim it is in fact "revolutionary".
The production model will use normal jet engines to take off and climb to 12km.
From there, a rocket engine will kick the vehicle straight up, taking it beyond
60km in just 80 seconds. By the time the rocket shuts down, the craft should
have sufficient velocity to carry it above 100km - into space.
As the plane then begins to fall back to Earth, the pilot will use small
thrusters to control its altitude, guiding the vehicle into the atmosphere from
where it will use its jet engines again to return to the airport.
The total journey time will be about one-and-a-half hours.
World window
Astrium says there will be room for four passengers on each mission. Towards the
top of the climb, these individuals will be able to float free in the cabin and
look through large windows at the planet below.
Astrium is proposing a different technical solution to the one being pursued by
airline boss Sir Richard Branson and his Virgin Galactic enterprise.
SpaceShipOne was slung beneath a carrier aircraftBranson's operation - timed to
start about 2009 - is basing its vehicles on the record-breaking SpaceShipOne
rocket plane which became the first privately built craft to reach space in
2004.
SpaceShipOne had to be carried to a launch altitude by another vehicle before
using rocket propulsion; and on its return from space, glided to its home
runway. Astrium says its decision to go with a one-stage concept was driven by
safety and economic considerations.
The Australian Marc Newson was employed to design the space plane's interior. He
said he had put great emphasis on the seats - which he describes as "hi-tech
hammocks" - and the windows to maximise the flight experience.
Child's dream
"The windows are very similar to a civilian jet airliner but they're about 30%
bigger; but more importantly, there're 15 windows and only four passengers, so
there're are plenty of opportunities to float around the interior of this cabin
and take different views of space, the stars, the Moon, and the Earth," Mr
Newson explained.
"It will be amazing. You'll actually be outside the Earth's atmosphere; you'll
be able to see Earth as a spherical object and everything else around you will
be black. There must be millions of people who have dreamt about this since they
were little kids," he told the BBC.
EADS Astrium says its space jet project is likely to cost a billion euros to
develop. It will be looking for financial and industrial partners over the next
year. It says that if development work starts in 2008, the first commercial
flights could be made in 2012.
"The development of a new vehicle able to operate in altitudes between aircraft
(20km) and below satellites (200km) could well be a precursor for rapid
transport, point-to-point vehicles, or quick access to space," Astrium said in a
statement.
"Its development will contribute to maintaining and even enhancing European
competencies in core technologies for space transportation."
Forwarded By yours DMr H H .BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/ President:'Kutch Science
Foundation'.Founder :'Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch'.Life
Member:'kutch Itihaas Parishad'.kutchscience@...,
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Dear Friends of Geology and science,
Huge bird dino unearthed in China
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/6750005.stm
The beast was about 35 times heavier than other feathered dinosaurs
Enlarge ImageThe fossilised remains of a giant bird-like dinosaur have been
uncovered in the region of Inner Mongolia, China.
While some have theorised that meat-eating dinosaurs got smaller as they evolved
to be more bird-like, this beast weighed about 1,400kg (3,080lbs).
That is about 35 times heavier than other similar feathered dinosaurs.
Nature journal reports that the beaked animal was 8m (26ft) long and twice as
tall as a man at the shoulder; yet it was only a young adult when it died.
The authors suggest the dinosaur's enormous size was due to a fast growth rate,
faster even than the precocious Tyrannosaurus rex.
In truth, though, just what it ate is really mystery. Gigantoraptor erlianensis
had some features associated with meat-eating dinosaurs, such as sharp claws for
tearing flesh; but it also had some features associated with plant-eaters, such
as a small head and long neck.
Arrested development
Chinese researchers uncovered the fossilised remains of the flightless giant in
the Erlian basin in Inner Mongolia.
The researchers had originally thought they had found the bones of a tyrannosaur
- the group of dinosaurs to which T. rex belongs - due to their large size.
The bones were so big, they were thought to be from a tyrannosaurThe team has
established that the creature lived about 70 million years ago, in the late
Cretaceous Period.
According to lines of arrested growth detected on its bones, it died in its 11th
year of life.
"It was a very surprising discovery, not at all what we expected," said Xu Ling,
a palaeontologist at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing and co-author on
the Nature paper.
"We think it's the largest feathered animal ever to have been discovered."
Growth spurt
Gigantoraptor could probably run relatively quickly on its long, powerful legs.
The dinosaur was twice as tall as a man at the shoulder
Enlarge Image"It belongs to a very unusual group of theropod dinosaurs, which
are normally meat-eaters. But this one doesn't have any teeth, so what it ate is
a mystery," commented Dr Paul Barrett, a dinosaur researcher from the Natural
History Museum in London, UK.
"They show that it had a very fast growth rate so it probably got big by growing
very rapidly, rather than growing for a very long period of time."
Dr Barrett added that the animal was not on the direct evolutionary line leading
to today's birds. This supported the notion, he said, that the features we
associate with modern birds probably arose more than once in their close
relatives.
Forwarded By yours DMr H H .BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/ President:'Kutch Science
Foundation'.Founder :'Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch'.Life
Member:'kutch Itihaas Parishad'.kutchscience@...,
kutchscience@...,http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
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Dear Friends Of Space and Astronomy Science,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/6759539.stm
Sunita Williams, a US astronaut aboard the International Space Station,
has set a new record for the longest unbroken space flight by a woman.
As of 0547 GMT on Saturday, she had passed the 188-day, four-hour mark
set by Shannon Lucid in 1996.
Mrs Williams, who is of Indian and Slovenian extraction, is due to
return to Earth on Thursday on the Atlantis.
She earlier set a record for the longest space walk by a woman, reaching
22 hours and 27 minutes.
That record had been held by astronaut Kathryn Thornton at just over 21
hours.
In her six months in space, Mrs Williams has also "run" the Boston
Marathon on a treadmill.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/6332305.stm
US astronaut Sunita Williams has now spent more time walking in space
than any other woman.
The record was set as she and a crewmate upgraded the International
Space Station's cooling system on Sunday.
Ms Williams broke the previous record set by American Kathryn Thornton
of just over 21 hours; setting a new one of 22 hours and 27 minutes.
With colleague Michael Lopez-Alegria, she completed the second of three
scheduled spacewalks in nine days.
During Sunday's spacewalk, which lasted more than seven hours, small
amounts of toxic ammonia leaked from a fluid line.
The liquid ammonia, which freezes into flakes when it hits the vacuum of
space, did not appear to touch either astronaut.
Forwarded By Dr Bhudia, Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
<http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/>
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@...
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Dear Science and astronomy Friends,
“SUN has Mean equatorial radius: 696000 km (109.1 x Earth) and about similar
times of (the Diameter of The SUN) away from the Earth”
FEB 2004) : Measuring the Earth:
How long will it take and how far we need to go to measure the Earth. Similar to
the experiment “4)” above can do all for you. But all need to do is use local
time. When sun comes over head (No east or No West). And select two place A & B
of at least 2 KM distance apart NORTH and SOUTH and do the measurement same time
at both place as follows.
We can use one control place “S” in South or “N” in North about 50 Km away to
correct any minor errors from short distance “2 KM” experiment.
Example of Latitudes longitude finding at the Local time. – for tropical of
cancer @ Local time you need to find the correct time when sun is on the head
with no shadows East or West. and need to be there at LOCAL time of 12:00 NOON
which may be 12 + MM depending on the place where you go – Longitudes.
Experiments done at the Place A & B on 12 Noon IST will have shadow towards
East/West. Depending your positions in India (West/ East of 82.5 E Longitude).
And so accordingly you will get shadow East/West. Measure the length of that of
shadow of 3 Meter pole. and find the Tangent = shadow/ pole - will give u the
angle. Say example : shadow = 600 mm at that time. So 600/3000= 0.2
so anti tangent is an angle of 11o.30' degree. so you are 11..30' West/East of
IST line means IF shadow is East than U R WEST and at 82.30' - 11.30' = 71
degree East longitude.
(If shadow is in the EAST than - you are IN the East you need to do experiment
Next day before 12 IST and preferably to start more than an hour before to set
up all arrangements)
Now u find exact time when to take results of the experiment. when there is no
shadow to the EAST/WEST - at 12Noon + (11.3o' x4) = @12 + 46 PM U have 46
minutes to do that. To take the next accurate place readings. When there is no
shadow in East/West but to the NORTH/SOUTH ONLY (depending your position North
or south of the SUN in India or in the world) at that place at that time. GPS
may be in correct to show that but not the SUN.
Now measure the length of the shadow in accuracy of mm fractions @places “A”,
“B” & “N” or “S”@ same time.
If the Difference of the length of shadow is 1mm at places “A” and “B” same time
at Local time when sun comes over head –(NO shadow on East or West) the
calculations will be simplified as follows.
Anti tan 1/3000 gives the angle made by shadow on the Earth surface gives the
angle = at the centre of the Earth by the 2 KM distance on the surface of the
EARTH. Eg about 1.1' (1+') and find the Circumference of the Earth = 360 degree.
(around 40000 Km)
Similarly Controlled reading at “N” / “S” will help you to find accuracy eg long
distance measure will give more accuracy than 2KM and correct your readings from
that 50 KM distance experiments. (that will give you about 23.5mm shadow
Difference than that of “A” and 23.5+1 mm than that of “B”) so calculate the
tangent and angle and circumference of the Earth and Diameter or R for the
Earth.
TO SIMLYFY MORE and Easy work, Let One of the "N" OR "S" be Either Delhi Jantar
Mantar or JAIPUR - JANTAR MANTAR.
We are very rich in our Astronomy engineering - particularly JAIPUR is the
Richest in that sense. Jaipur has very good working observatory (VEDH SHALA)
with guiding facility.
According to an expert guide (Hanumant Singh - also expert in astronomical
calculations)- that ancient observatory place can measure 1/6 of the second in
time and that is equal to 0' 2.5" size of the angle of the sky observation
accuracy. And that all works local timing and longitude - latitude of the place.
Only the persons required to work for it.
We should utilize that place with aided observation with Venus transit of 8 June
2004. TEAM A - working with Local observatory guides and Team B working with
OPTICAL aids at the same place to complementary work. That is the best place for
us to utilize the observation at that place and that is relay a Golden
opportunity for Jaipur and users too.
(Delhi and Jaipur observatory – Vedh Shala are constructed such a way that it
can work locally @ that Longitude Latitude and also at a LOCAL time of that
place. So we do not need to find the place location of Longitude-Latitude while
working there nor the local time of that working place (Auto Sun Dial activity)
– nor we need toys like GPS nor sophisticated instruments. Not only that but
many of such astronomical activities – One like coming VENUS TRANSIT on 8 June
2004 also needs to be observed and activity to be worked in same environment
such as Local time and longitude Latitude, so many of planetarium places and
activity are just nothing in comparisons to such VITAL places as others has to
use their toys of GPS and telescopic compass and Leveling like a Theodolites).
So if we use this place on the day 8 June2004 for a Tenus Transit time activity
then instead of So called planetariums – as Venus transit is the phenomenon of
the place of JANTAR MANTAR and not Planeterium activity. – people will realize
the importance of such a place who even Astronomy lovers and planetarium
authority - who forgot that place and its importance.
World geometric dimension Table: created
Earth’s Equatorial Diameter
Equatorial Circumference 2D
Earth’s Inter Polar Diameter
Inter Polar Circumference 2D
12756 Km (E to W)
40053 KM (E to W)
12714 K m (N to S)
39900 KM (N to S)
(E to W 23:30 N/S)
(Using Tangent 23:30=0.917)
360 degree @ 23.5 Degree
36730km@Tropic of Cancer 360 deg Round the Earth
39900 KM Inter Polar
1 Degree = 60 ‘ Mins /360
=102 km = 64 Miles
1 Degree = 60 ‘ Mins /360
=110 km = 70 Miles
1’ Min = 60 “ Secs /60
=1.7 KM =1.067 Miles
1’ Min = 60 “ Secs /60
=1.84 KM =1.16 Miles
=1700 M = 5632 Feet
=1840 M = 6124 Feet
1”Sec /60
28.3 M =94 Feet
1”Sec /60
30.8 M =102 Feet
= 37 adult steps
= 18 Second’s walk
= 40 adult steps
= 20 Second’s walk
1minute walk =300feets=92M
1minute walk =300feets=92M
1hour = 5.4 Km walk
1hour = 5.4 Km walk
Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
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Last Updated: Tuesday, 15 May 2007, 17:22 GMT 18:22 UK
Hubble spots ring of dark matter
The ring of dark matter appears in this composite map
Enlarge ImageAstronomers have found one of the best pieces of evidence for the
existence of dark matter, a mysterious quantity that pervades our Universe.
They have identified what appears to be a ghostly ring in the sky which is made
up of this enigmatic substance.
Using the Hubble Space Telescope, the scientists have established that the ring
formed long ago after a colossal smash-up between two galaxy clusters.
Details of the research are to appear in the Astrophysical Journal.
As the name suggests, dark matter does not reflect or emit detectable light, yet
it accounts for most of the mass in the Universe.
Astronomers have long suspected the existence of this invisible "stuff" as the
source of additional gravity that holds together galaxy clusters.
The clusters would fly apart if they were reliant only on the gravity from their
visible stars.
Dark material
No one knows what dark matter is made of, but it is thought to be a type of
elementary particle found throughout the cosmos.
Researchers from Johns Hopkins University and the Space Telescope Science
Institute - both in Baltimore, US - spotted the ring unexpectedly while they
were mapping the distribution of dark matter within the galaxy cluster Cl
0024+17.
This cluster lies 5 billion light-years from Earth; its ring of dark matter
measures 2.6 million light-years across.
Because astronomers cannot see dark matter, they must infer its existence by
studying how its gravity bends the light of more distant, background galaxies.
This powerful trick, called gravitational lensing, allows astronomers to map the
distorted light to deduce the cluster's mass and how dark matter is distributed
in the cluster.
At first, team members thought the ring was an illusion - or artefact - in the
data. But repeated attempts to make the ring disappear met with failure.
Finally, the astronomers became convinced that it must be a real feature.
Ripples in a pond
In August 2006, US astronomers identified the gravitational signature of dark
matter in another merging galaxy cluster. But the ring structure in Cl 0024+17
is exceptional.
"Although the invisible matter has been found before in other galaxy clusters,
it has never been detected to be so largely separated from the hot gas and the
galaxies that make up galaxy clusters," said co-author Myungkook James Jee of
Johns Hopkins University.
"By seeing a dark-matter structure that is not traced by galaxies and hot gas,
we can study how it behaves differently from normal matter."
Computer simulations of galaxy cluster collisions show that when two clusters
smash together, the dark matter falls to the centre of the merged cluster and
sloshes back out.
As the dark matter seeps outward, it begins to slow down under the pull of
gravity and gathers together like a traffic pile-up.
Luckily, astronomers had a head on view of this collision because it occurred
along the Earth's line of sight.
"It's like looking at the pebbles on the bottom of a pond with ripples on the
surface. The pebbles' shapes appear to change as the ripples pass over them," Dr
Jee explained.
"So, too, the background galaxies behind the ring show coherent changes in their
shapes due to the presence of the dense ring."
Team member Holland Ford, also of Johns Hopkins, said: "By studying this
collision, we are seeing how dark matter responds to gravity.
He added: "Nature is doing an experiment for us that we can't do in a lab, and
it agrees with our theoretical models."
Forwarded By YOUR Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of
INDIA.http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/President:"Kutch
Science Foundation".Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj -
Kutch".Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".kutchscience@...,
kutchscience@...,http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000h\
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Nasa unveils Hubble's successor
The model of the JWST is on display in Washington DC.The US space agency Nasa
has unveiled a model of a space telescope that scientists say will be able to
see to the farthest reaches of the Universe.
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is intended to replace the ageing Hubble
telescope.
It will be larger than its predecessor, sit farther from Earth and have a giant
mirror to enable it to see more.
Officials said the JWST - named after a former Nasa administrator - was on
course for launch in June 2013.
The full-scale model is being displayed outside the Smithsonian National Air and
Space Museum in the US capital, Washington DC.
It was recently shown off in Seattle at the American Astronomical Society
meeting.
The $4.5bn (£2.3bn) telescope will take up a position some 1.5 million km
(930,000 miles) from Earth.
It will measure 24m (80ft) long by 12m (40ft) high and incorporate a hexagonal
mirror 6.5m (21.3ft) in diameter, almost three times the size of Hubble's.
Hubble, launched in 1990, has sent back pictures of our solar system, distant
stars, and remote fledgling galaxies formed not long after the Big Bang.
But scientists say the JWST will enable them to look deeper into space and even
further back at the origins of the Universe.
"Clearly we need a much bigger telescope to go back much further in time to see
the very birth of the Universe," said Edward Weiler, director of Nasa's Goddard
Space Flight Centre.
Martin Mohan of Northrop Grumman, the contractor building the telescope, said
that the team was making excellent progress.
"There's engineering to do, but invention is done, more than six years ahead of
launch," he said.
When ready, the JWST will be launched by a European Ariane 5 rocket. It is
expected to have a 10-year lifespan.
Until then, the 17-year-old Hubble telescope will continue to do its work. Nasa
plans to send astronauts on the space shuttle to service it in 2008.
THE JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE
JWST is named after James E Webb, Nasa Administrator during the Apollo lunar
exploration era; he served from 1961 to 1968
It will be placed 1.5m km from Earth, at Lagrange Point 2, an area of
gravitational balance that keeps it in a Sun-Earth line
The telescope will be shaded from sunlight by a shield, enabling it to stay
cold, increasing its sensitivity to infrared radiation
Three principal instruments will gather images of the Universe in the infrared
region of the spectrum
These will yield new information about how stars and galaxies first formed a few
hundred million years after the Big Bang
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