Dear friends of SPACE, Science and Astronomy,
Close-up Look at Black Hole Reveals Feeding Frenzy
By
SPACE.com Staff
posted: 27 May 2009
01:01 pm
ET
Astronomers
are getting a close-up look at a cosmic eating machine: a spinning black hole
that devours the mass equivalent of two Earths per hour, verging on the limit of
its feeding ability.
Supermassive black holes can weigh
as much as a billion
suns or more and are thought to reside at the centers of most, if not all,
large galaxies. Their gravity is so powerful it traps even light, making black
holes invisible. Their presence is inferred by watching the motions of stars
and gas around them, along with the radiation that's generated in their frenzied
vicinities.
The
behemoth of interest in the new close-up study, which will be published in the
May 28 issue of the journal Nature, lies at the center of a distant
active galaxy known as 1H0707-495. Using data from the European Space Agency's
XMM-Newton observatory, astronomers analyzed X-rays emitted during the black
hole's feeding
frenzy.
As matter
swirls in toward a black hole, gravity makes it travel at significant fractions
of light-speed. That generates X-rays and other radiation that can give
astronomers information about the spin of the black hole and its size, among
other details.
In this
case, the astronomers say they are tracking matter that's within twice the
radius of the black hole itself.
Specifically, the XMM-Newton
detections suggested the galaxy's core is much richer in iron than the rest of
the galaxy. In addition, there was a time lag of 30 seconds between changes in
the X-ray light observed directly and those seen in its reflection from the
disk. From this delay, the astronomers estimate the black hole weighs about 3
million to 5 million solar masses modest by supermassive black hole
standards.
The team
will continue to track the galaxy and map out the accreting
process of this supermassive black hole. Far from being a steady process,
like muddy water slipping down a plughole, a feeding black hole is a messy
eater.
"Accretion
is a very messy process because of the magnetic fields that are involved," said
study scientist Andrew Fabian of the University of Cambridge.
Forwarded
By Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:'Kutch
Science Foundation'.
Founder
:'Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch'.
Life
Member:'kutch Itihaas Parishad'.
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE
Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science Group of
India
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From: kutchsciencefoundation@...
Dear EDITORIALS, Friends of the Science, History, paleontology and Geology,
ISOTOPIC FINGERPRINTS OF MICROBIAL RESPIRATION IN ARAGONITE FROM MODERN
STROMATOLITES
Stromatolites
have green bacteria which creates oxygen by photosynthesis like process
with help of the sunlight. and developed before more than 2bn years
ago. later they were fossilised and fossils of such stromatolites are actual
ancestors of such microbial bacteria in stromatolites.
According to the Geologist Martin van Kranendonk there are only two such places
of stromatolite fossils in the world, PERTH 1600km from north Autralia
and Bahamian. But None have visited/and researched of KUTCH
stromatolites fossils and live stromatolites of bay of kutch so MOST of
are unaware of the place.
Proofs of the Evolution of life on the Earth (cradle of life on the
EARTH) was ALSO in the KUTCH as in Australia. As Kutch and Australia were
joined in Gondwanaland of Pangaea super continent.
kuringai
national park Australia is preserved by world heritage site and also
locations are kept secrete to preserve the location of the cradle of
life.
More Information of Stromatolites @ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stromatolite
'The Strombolites' was inspired by a visit to a lake south of Perth, one of two
places in Australia where 'strombolites' can be seen. These are a kind of
'living' rock which date back to the dawn of life on Earth
Though
geologist all over the world do visit to research in Kutch but
Geological study has not been given such a priority in KUTCH. Kutch do
have fossilised strombolites in Gangeshwar dome area. when it was under
shalow sea water it has LIVING fossils at that time but later with the
uplift of the area from the sea bed. those fossils are plenty on the
gangeshwar hill area.
Though
Australians and Americans geologist has dome more to study similar
fossils in PERTH of AUSTRALIA. none of geologist has given the time to
the strombolites foosils
of Gangeshwar dome of KUTCH. similarly Bay of Kutch is full of
misteries. Diving in bay of kutch reveals a beutiful coral seabed and
planty of Living STROMATOLITES which are
original organisms of the time of the evolution of life on the Earth.
picture of the BAY of kutch and Perth Australlia are attached along
with gangeshwar dome strombolites fossils in KUTCH
Which
proves the KUTCH land formation is since the LIFE evolved on the Earth
and well beyond the time we think. and need more study of the fossil
records. documentry film for this subject is vailable for reference
study in the Geological Library of KUTCH SCIENCE FOUNDATION GEOLOGICAl
section.
Geology
Department, Univ of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616,
sumner@... and ANDRES, Miriam S., Rosenstiel School of
Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker
Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 In
honor of Prof. Ginsburg and the numerous insightful conversations we
have had with him, we present new results on processes causing
lithification in modern Bahamian stromatolites. As Ginsburg has argued
for longer than we have been scientists, understanding how modern
stromatolites or Ą°strombolitesĄą form and lithify is critical to
properly interpreting the origins of ancient stromatolites. Microbial
roles in stromatolite lithification can be traced in carbonates because
microbial communities produce carbon isotopic shifts when they cycle
local DIC (dissolved inorganic carbon). Thus, the isotopic composition
of carbonates can record ancient microbial CO2 cycling, providing insights into
the processes of stromatolite growth and microbial influences on carbonate
chemistry.
In
shallow subtidal modern stromatolites from Highborne Cay, Bahamas,
authigenic aragonite preserves a carbon isotopic record of
heterotrophic microbial influences on DIC; authigenic aragonite is
>1 per mil depleted in 13C
relative to aragonite that precipitated in equilibrium with local
seawater. Even though cyanobacteria raise pH during peak
photosynthesis, more aragonite precipitates when and where respiration
influences local DIC. These results are consistent with 1) sulfate
reduction promoting carbonate precipitation and 2) calcium release
during decay of exopolymeric substances as previously reported. Thus,
heterotrophs play a more important role than phototrophs in Bahamian
stromatolite lithification on a local scale. However, organic matter
produced by cyanobacteria supports the heterotrophic community. Thus,
the absence of an autotrophic isotopic signature in the rock record
cannot imply the absence of photosynthetic activity.
Heterotrophic signatures may also be difficult to observe in ancient
stromatolites. With continued lithification, the 1-2Ąë ĶÄ13C
shifts will be diluted by carbonate precipitation during early
diagenesis and burial. Thus, microbial isotopic signatures in shallow
subtidal stromatolites are only likely to be identified in exceptional
circumstances. Identifying ancient microbial signatures will require
careful sampling to separate carbonate components with different
isotopic signatures and carbonates that precipitated on the spatial
scales influenced by microbial communities.
If
oyu are just waiting to hear for the Hominid Fossils found in the
KUTCH, your wish will be completed very soon in near future! teams are
working to get the perfect evidence proofs and soon reach to conclusion
to clear the confusions.
Do
not be surprised if you get a good views
of unexpected HOMINID fossil find in the KUTCH of GUJARAT INDIA. Though
most of the geologist stick to the Darwinian beliefs, But thats not the
complete truth and thats the reality that darwinian theory is not the
coplete science of creation of the GOD.
Many of the geologist are in favour of the New Study Supporting the Idea That
Primates and Dinosaurs Coexisted. and Many geologists do stay away from those
Geologist but must not afraid of these but dare to read their finding facts too.
GEOLOGIST
opposing those viws must read the BOOK about the hominid evolution,
the canals studied of many living primates, 'Review of Forbidden
Archaeology: The Hidden History of the Human Race.'
Books and Documentry Filming evedenses are avilable for reference ONLy at out
Science library geology sections.
MANY GEOLOGISTS did LAUGH when first news of fossils of GIANTS CROCODILION
published very
first time just after the KUTCH EARTHQUAKE in 2001. But Now atleast
FOUR crocodillion fossil specimens are discoverd from Kutch sediments.
Though many have not visited those museum places to see them may be
lack of information to them.
But here is details of those 1) in PANDHROW Mine GEOLOGY MUSEUM at PANDROW -
KUTCH @
http://wikimapia.org/#lat=23.6896473&lon=68.7201691&z=14&l=0&m=a&v=2&search=Pana\
ndhro
2) Bharatioya SANSKRITI DARSHAN Museum of BHUJ - SPECIMAN PICTURES MAP AND
LOACTION @
http://wikimapia.org/#lat=23.241982&lon=69.6648324&z=18&l=0&m=a&v=2&show=/884307\
/Bharatiya-Sankriti-Darsan-Museum
3) specimen is under process of retrieving
and
the 4) the very first and the BIGGEST OF ALL is been destroyed due to
lack to understand the preserving the precious fossil treasere.
Geo ARCHEOLOGICAL LIBRARY LISTING of KUTCH SCIENCE FOUNDATION DIGITAL LIBRARY
15)
100s of Books of Archaeological library WITH ENCYCLOPEDIA OF
ARCHEOLOGY , Forbidden archaeology including Civilisation and
DHOLAVIRA video library, INCA, MAYA, EGYPT, INDUS etc.
16) 100s of Books of Geological Science Library including fossils and DINO
fossils complete sets of Photographic libraries INCLUDING Forbidden Geology,
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF GEOLOGY. including video library INCLUDING Forbidden Geology
video.
Many
doubts were raised when ETV and Bombay SAMACHAR broadcasted the
following news, with doubt that the PURVA - Aadi MANAV ancestor was not
existing at that time but now the skeleton evidence came out that the
ancestor missing link was there at that time before (about 22 to 5.5 million
years ago) between 11 and 16 million years ago.
The
partial skeleton of this 13-million-year-old 'missing link' was found
by palaeontologists working at a dig site near Barcelona in Spain.
That
time matches with the Rameshwarm bridge and RAMAVATAR and Koteshwar -
RAVANa History (Tretauga), means Formation of MONKEY and Apes army
formation by DEVAs. that will rule out all the doubts raised for the
PURVA - Aadi MANAV.Hominid Foot prints found in older layers may have been
formed later in the geological process but the study of Photomicrographs and
infrared photography is
required so that to eliminate that there were no signs of carving or
artificial markings in or around the prints. A study of microscopic
count of sand grains is ralso required so indicating that the material
within the prints had been impacted, and created as the result of a force
pressing down on the firmament while it was soft.
These
facts show that the prints were made by the natural result of pressure
from the human foot, and in no way could have been duplicated by
carving nor only the pheneonmena of honeycomb appearance as the
study of Photomicrographs and infrared photography can differnciate the
compact sand particles under the pressurepoints which are not in honeycomb
pattern appearance.
Many geologists and paleontologists do visit with curiocity of the specimen and
the subject but have no background of study of Photomicrographs and infrared
photography and
its geological/paleontological applications so do not have any clue or
chance to study those subjects in that angle of research. unfortunately
lack of resourses and facility for such a research.
Phase Two Fossils: Burroughs Conjecture
The
most cogent explanation of anomalous fossil footprints is perhaps
offered by Dr. William Greely Burroughs, of Berea College in Kentucky.
Dr. Burroughs conjecture is that a depression in fossil-bearing
rock may, long after the original fossils have been formed, be filled
with a sediment that in its turn may also become the medium in which
the impression of a footprint or the body of a creature is fossilized.
When this second period of fossilization is complete the newly formed
rock may be indistinguishable from the older formation, and the new
fossils may appear to have formed at the same time as those which are
much older. Thus, several fossilization processes may wind up looking
like a footprint made at the same time. This is undoubtebly the case in
many instances, but the theory is lacking in several respects. Firstly,
fossilized human footprints have been found deep within rocks that show
no evidence of discontinuous formation, not just at the junction of
sedimentary layers. Secondly, out of place fossils are often
inconsistent not only with the ages of associated fossils but also with
the rock strata and the age conventionally ascribed to them.
New Study Supports Idea That Primates, Dinosaurs Coexisted !!!!
Sientists have acquired new
data supporting the idea that the last ancestor shared by all living
primates walked with the dinosaurs more than 80 million years ago. The
results came from a new technique used to reconstruct the course of
animal evolution.
Previously, opposing scientific camps
estimated that the animal that gave rise to the primates lived as
recently as 55 million years ago and as long ago as 90 million years.
The newly proposed date is closer to the older end of the range. That's
significant because the older estimate, which was derived from studies
based on molecular genetics, identifies the earliest primates as
contemporaries of the dinosaurs. The younger date, which was based on
fossil records, represents a period after the dinosaurs had already
become extinct. 'Our results agree broadly with a molecular estimate
[and] contradict widely accepted palaeontological estimates,' Simon
TavarĻĶ of the University of Southern California and his colleagues
reported in the journal Nature. Their finding sprang from a
scientific collaboration that straddled the fields of biology and
mathematics and spanned research centers from California to the Swiss
Alps. Working with colleagues from Harvard University, the University
of Washington, Chicago's Field Museum, and institutions in England and
Switzerland, TavarĻĶ used a novel mathematical approach to help answer a
major piece of the evolutionary puzzle. Past Views The search for the
first primateĄŠthat is, the last animal to have been an ancestor of all
members of the primate family treeĄŠhas long intrigued scientists and
others interested in humanity's evolutionary origins. From the oldest
known fossil remains of primates, paleontologists have determined that
some ancient members of our evolutionary family lived and died at least
as far back as 55 million years ago. Fossils alone, however, cannot
disclose precisely when members of the last common ancestral species
began to segregate into distinct populations that eventually gave rise
to the modern array of some 200 primate species. That's because the
fossil record is incomplete. Paleontologists can't tell how close any
particular specimen was to the progenitor of the primates. So,
to approach the problem from another angle, scientists in the field of
molecular genetics have compared subtle differences in the DNA of
living primates.
Geneticists can tell how recently
two species diverged from a common ancestor from information etched in
the organisms' genes: The fewer differences researchers find between
two genetic codes, the more recently the species parted evolutionary
company.
Using this method, geneticists have concluded that about
90 million years have elapsed since all living primates shared their
last common ancestor.
Based on such studies, evolutionary
biologists such as Pennsylvania State University's Blair Hedges believe
that early primates lived alongside the great reptiles. '[Primates and
other] major groups of mammals evolved for tens of millions of years
before the dinosaurs became extinct,' Hedges said. That mass extinction
occurred about 65 million years ago. Fleshing out the Fossil Record
To reconcile the genetics-based date with the comparatively
young estimates of paleontologists, TavarĻĶ and his colleagues fashioned
an evolutionary tree of the primates as it's known from fossils.
Not wanting to depend entirely on what paleontologists have
turned up, the researchers then fleshed out the rudimentary tree with
educated guesswork. They used mathematical equations to predict how
many species of primates are not represented in the fossil record, and
to predict when and for how long those species may have lived.
The resulting modelĄŠbased loosely on hard evidence but
expanded to take into account species that lived and died out but
remain unknown to scienceĄŠsuggests that the earliest primate lived
about 81.5 million years ago, long before the age of the oldest fossils
uncovered by paleontologists.
'Naturally,' said Hedges, 'I am pleased with this result because it shows
agreement with our molecular-clock studies.'
TavarĻĶ's team suggested that the earliest primates might have
been small, nocturnal creatures that inhabited tropical forests. But,
assuming they did exist that long ago, numerous forms could have
evolved prior to the fateful cataclysm that wiped out the dinosaurs 65
million years ago.
That event, presumably caused by a giant impact from
outerspace, didn't wipe out all primates living at the time, but
probably spared relatively few of them, TavarĻĶ theorized. Those
primates that survived would have subsequently evolved into myriad
species.
'Of course, this is all speculation,' TavarĻĶ acknowledged. 'We have not found
any fossils in that bin yet.'
In fact, scientists may never know how these proposed lost kin
of ours lookedĄŠor be certain they existed at allĄŠunless paleontologists
someday recover fossilized remains.
By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA .
President:' Kutch Science Foundation'.
Founder :' Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch '.
Life Member:'kutch Itihaas Parishad'.
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do
visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India,
Science Group of India & KUTCH science foundation and ALSO
JOIN US.
_________________________________________________________________
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From: kutchsciencefoundation@...
Dear friends of Science and Astronomy,NASA scientist Astronomer Stanley Love and
Tom Fleming from Arizona University performed experiments at ISS in MAY 2003 to
see how the the Earth might have been formed in the space.
But that was an Incorrect experiment at ISS in May 2003 by astronauts Don
Pedings and Stanley Love of NASA astronaut. they performed the following steps
of the experiments step by step as follows.
Experiment NO 1) how the matter combined to form the EARTH and other planets in
the space of ZERO gravity.
(THOUGH THE EXPERIMENT WAS PERFORMED IN COMPARATIVE ZERO GRAVITY OF THE EARTH WE
CAN NOT EXCLUDE THE LAW OF GRAVITY DO APPLY IN SPACE OF ZERO GRAVITY AS
GRAVITATION IS PROPORTIONAL TO THE MASS OF THE PARTICLES IN SPACE
M1xM2 WHICH IS EFFECTIVE IN ZERO GRAVITY AND IN THE SPACE)
Step 1) They filled particle of Salt, Sugar and coffee in different bags
inflated with an air
(PARTICLE OF SUGAR SALT AND COFFEE HAS AN AFFINITY OF WATER PARTICLE IN MEDIUM
OF AIR IN THE BAGS AND WATER ADHERENT PROPERTY IN AIR MEDIUM AND AFFINITY WITH
WATER VAPOR WITH SALT SUGAR AND COFFEE IN AIR MEDIUM IN ISS CAN NOT BE FORGOTTEN
)
Step 2) Dispersed the particles in bags by shaking the plastic bags of those
particles to make them separated in the air medium in the bags.
(SPACE CAN NOT BE COMPARED WITH A PLASTIC BAG AS IT MAKES STATIC PROPERTY AND
SPACE DO NOT HAVE MEDIUM OF THE AIR AND WATER VAPOR AS IN PLASTIC BAGS IN ISS.
AND ALSO WHO SHANKED THE REAL SPACE)
Step 3) Watched the behavior of the particles to clumps around each other to
form a mass as to see how matter in the space might have combined to form the
planetary mass in the space.
(COMBINATION OF THE PARTICLE MASS IN THE AIR MEDIUM IN PLASTIC BAGS IS DUE TO
THE STATIC PROPERTY CREATED BY RUBBING THE PARTICLES WITH PLASTIC BAGS DURING
SHAKING PROCESS OF THE DISPERSION OF THE PARTICLES IN THE MEDIUM OF AIR IN THE
PLASTIC BAGS. NO ONE SHOOK THE SPACE TO CREATE SUCH MICRO STATIC PROPERTY IN THE
PARTICLES IN THE REAL SPACE)
Step 4) Explained the experience as due to dispersion of the particles had
gained an Micro static electric charge due to friction with each other and with
plastic material of the bags.
(AS MICRO STATIC ELECTRIC PROPERTY WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE FORMATION OF THE
CLUMPY MASS. BUT THAT WAS NOT THE REALITY IN THE REAL SPACE AS THERE WAS NO
SHAKING OF THE SPACE AND NO RUBBING OF PARTICLES WITH EACH OTHER NOR WITH THE
PLASTIC BAG OF AN ARTIFICIAL SPACE WITH AIR MEDIUM WITH WATER VAPOR OF ISS.)
Step 5) Explained So as getting an Micro electric static charge the particles
get clumped together to form the mass to form the initialization of planetary
mass. (HERE MICRO ELECTRO STATIC PROPERTY WAS EXPLAINED AS CREATIVE FACTOR FOR
THE CLUMPY MASS INITIALIZATION TO FORM A PLANETARY MASS AND THAT WAS THE REAL
FACTS AS EXPLAINED IN STEPS BEFORE. AND GRAVITATION LAWS HAVE NOT EXPLAINED
WHICH IS IN FACT IS ACTING IN SPACE AND IN ZERO GRAVITY. AS GRAVITATION IS
PROPORTIONAL TO THE MASS OF THE PARTICLES IN SPACE M1xM2 WHICH IS EFFECTIVE IN
ZERO GRAVITY AND IN THE SPACE )
Step 6) Completed an experiment as showing the comparison how the Earth and
other planets might have been formed in the space before 4.5 BLn years ago.
(HOW THE SCIENTIST OF NASA AND ASTRONAUTS CAN MAKE SUCH FALSE INTERPRETATIONS
AND NONE OF PHYSICISTS DO NOT RECOGNISE SUCH A GRAVE MISTAKES? )
By Yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA .
President:' Kutch Science Foundation'.
Founder :' Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch '.
Life Member:'kutch Itihaas Parishad'.
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do
visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India,
Science Group of India & kutch science foundation and ALSO
JOIN US.
_________________________________________________________________
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Dear Docs, Medicos and friends of Science and
Genetics,
Though Space flight experiment shows the surprising result, the reason may be
either 0 gravity or the 100+ radiation exposure. But more likely the radiation
part to change the ionic concentration which favors the bacterial to increase
bacterial virulence and /or kick of the multiplication of the bacterium due to
higher radiation exposure in the space.
Salmonella Spills
its Secrets on the Space Shuttle
May
6, 2009: Salmonella, what's gotten into
you?
Researchers
have been asking themselves this question ever since
Salmonella
bacteria grown on board the space shuttle returned to Earth
3 to 7 times more virulent than Salmonella grown
on the ground under otherwise identical conditions. Figuring
out why could help safeguard astronauts from disease and
lead
to new treatments for food poisoning and other common
ailments
on Earth.
New
research by Cheryl Nickerson (Arizona State University) and
colleagues explains not only why Salmonella gets
"revved up" in space, but also how to calm it down
again.
"We
think space travel tricks Salmonella into behaving
as if it is in the human gut," Nickerson says. "It's
a mechanical phenomenon having to do with 'fluid shear.'"
Right:
A photomicrograph of Salmonella bacteria. Courtesy of
Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory. [Larger
image]
Salmonella
microbes have the ability to sense the force of fluid moving
past their outer surfaces. This "fluid shear" acts
as a signal to the microbe, helping it to know where in the
human body it's located. Salmonella usually enters
the body by hitching a ride on food that a person eats. In
the middle of the tube-shaped intestines, the liquid-like
mixture of half-digested food and digestive juices churns
around quite a bit, so the amount of fluid shear is high.
But
as a Salmonella cell approaches the wall of the intestines,
it slips into the tiny spaces between microscopic, hair-like
protrusions called microvilli that cover the intestinal
lining.
There, the cell becomes sheltered from the churning motion,
and fluid shear drops to very low levels. And it's there
that
the bacterial cell can cross from the intestines into the
bloodstream to start an infection. So
it would make sense for a bacterium experiencing low fluid
shear to alter the activity of genes that help the bacterium
survive and cause infection.
Computer-based
simulations have shown that the amount of fluid shear
experienced
by bacteria in the weightless environment of orbit is
similar
to the amount in these tiny spaces at the intestinal wall,
Nickerson says. "Space flight is a low fluid shear
environment."
Nickerson's
team looked at Salmonella from two shuttle flights
to the International Space Station: STS-115 in Sept. 2006
and STS-123 in March 2008. They found that 167 genes were
either more or less active in these keyed-up bacteria than
in the bacteria that hadn't flown. The team also identified
a "master switch" that regulates about one-third
of these genes, a protein called Hfq. Activity of this
protein
was also affected by the low fluid shear conditions of
spaceflight.
Now
that scientists know which genes and proteins help create
this virulence-boosting effect, they are working to use this
information to develop new strategies to combat Salmonella
food-borne illness, such as vaccines and therapeutics.
The
team has already found one promising way to combat
Salmonella's
extra virulence: add a dash of ions. When Nickerson and her
colleagues grew the same strain of bacteria in a culture
medium
that contained higher concentrations of five ions --
potassium,
chloride, sulfate, magnesium, and phosphate -- the virulence
of the bacteria due to spaceflight no longer went up!
"Cells
are funny things," Nickerson says. "If you give
them too much or too little of something they're used to
having
around, they'll surprise you with how they respond."
As
it turns out, many of the genes activated by the low fluid
shear environment of spaceflight are involved in
transporting
these ions in and out of the cells, so there could be a
connection.
Research on this ion effect is still ongoing, Nickerson
says,
but she speculates that it could eventually lead to new ways
to use these ions to ward off Salmonella infections.
"One
question people ask me is, 'Why in the world did you think
of looking at [Salmonella in space]?' I turn that
around and ask, 'Why would you not think of it!'" Nickerson
says. "Whenever scientists have studied microbes under
extreme conditions, we have found amazing new insights into
how they function. Space flight is another extreme
environment
that's relatively untapped."
Forwarded By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group
Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch
Science Foundation".
Founder
:"Kutch
Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch"
,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of
India, Science Group of
India.
_________________________________________________________________
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http://asi.nic.in/asi_video.asp
Video - World Heritage Monuments of
India
Main
introduction about World Heritage sites in India ( view Video)
Cultural Sites
View
Ajanta Caves
Video
Ellora Caves
Video
Agra - Fort
Video
Agra - Taj Mahal
Video
Konark - Sun Temple
Video
Mahabalipuram
Video
Churches of Old Goa
Video
| Archaeological
Museum
Khajuraho
Video
Hampi
Video
Fatehpur Sikri
Video
Pattadakkal
Video
Elephanta Caves
Video
Great Living Chola Temples
Video
Sanchi
Video
Humayun's Tomb
Video
Qutb Minar
Video
Mahabodhi Temple
Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka
Champaner
Mountain Railway of India
Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus
Natural Sites
Kaziranga National Park
Manas Wildlife Sanctuary
Keoladeo National Park
Sunderbans National Park
Nanda Devi & Valley of Flowers
Excavation Site
Dholivira
Video
http://asi.nic.in/asi_video.asp#
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Genetic Science is the key to the BLACK AND WHITE of the
clues of the all civilisations and Ancestry.
From: kutchsciencefoundation@...
Complementary information of previous email
confirmation with Genetic proofs -Ancient civilisation of Kutch and its
relation to all ancient civilisation all over the worldþ
Dear
EDITORIALS, Medicos, Friends of the Science, History, ARCHEO - Anthropology and
GEO-Archaeology,
People carry their traditions of the life and the culture
trough their generations and where ever they go. E.g. Farming traditions and
techniques, they take with where ever they go to in this world and through
their generations they do carry on for many generations.
Similarity of farming in our traditional farming of INDO
ASIAN, todays Egypt (Original ANCIENT
name is MUDRAYA) and other African countries as well as Mexican (Mayan), and
Latin Americans suggest that those traditional similarities are common and so
must have a common source of such
farming techniques.
Similarly similarities of clothing weaving of all those
cavitations are more or like same. And from similar farming materials e.g.
cotton. Today also Animal care also matches with shepherds of the INDO ASIANS,
Afro Egyptians Americans. Though Our Indo Asian shepherds, RABARIES, Negros and
red Indians genetically differs from each other,
Similarity in life style appears in Most of their life style.
Mexicans MAYANS use only traditional MERI GOLD offering
ceremony to their ancestors as our traditions. Though now a days many changes
we see as using different flowers. Ornamental similarities appear in most of
the civilisations of the world.
Surprisingly construction techniques of the ancient time and
todays traditional construction match to each other. Much of the work has been
done and published for the Pyramids construction methods, but none of such
research been carried out for Indo-Saraswati civilisation construction methods.
We are happy to COPY the clips of the Computer simulation of the DHOLAVIRA town
ship from Indus: The Unvoiced Civilization films
of HUMANITY http://rave.ohiolink.edu/dmc/video/2790702 to our documentary for
Dholavira and to
accept the Award for such PLAGIARISM
MOST
OF THE DOCUMENTRY PUBLISHERS DO VISIT THE PLACE AND DOCUMENT THE PRESENT VIEW
OF THE PLACE AND BUT AVOIDING THE PLAGIARISM, Plagiarism is the unauthorized use
or close imitation of the language and thoughts of another author and the
representation of them as one's own original work.
Copyright: Films for the Humanities & Sciences
View Video IF YOU ARE AUTHORISED TO SEE
rtsp://video.ohiolink.edu:554/WebVid/83304-2790702.smil
Download Video IF YOU ARE AUTHORISED TO DOWNLOAD
http://worlddmc.ohiolink.edu/Images/Bdg/VideoMDS/d42/1066243125-15120-26135-1324\
96-364-1983012051.11655-a-nt.rm
Construction techniques during the Megalithic period, INDO
SARASWATI civilisations, do match most of the civilisations but none tried to
compare and demonstrate neither in documentaries nor on the computer graphic
simulations. The reason is the lack of the knowledge and the information of
those construction techniques.
But surprisingly some casts descending from the North of the
Indo-Saraswati river basin regions do
other parts of the world has maintained such traditional construction
techniques.
Since many centuries a traditional house building methods
used by KANBI tribes descended from North from SAPTA SINDHU regions of Himalaya,
is exactly similar to those of Indo-Saraswati
houses with double layered stone walls. And still few OLD Housings still
persists of such wall types. (Such Photographic and Video recordings are
available for reference viewing from Library records of archaeological section
of Kutch science Foundation Library.)
(All Photographic records can be seen by request and
reference can be used from Kutch Science
foundation Library the relevant Medical, genetics, Biology, and Archaeology
library sections)
15) Archaeological library WITH ENCYCLOPEDIA
OF ARCHEOLOGY , Forbidden archaeology including
Civilisation and DHOLAVIRA video library, INCA, MAYA, EGYPT, INDUS etc.
Doubt may rise from many
part of it as are any of those tribes inheriting any Ancestry, but all the
BLACK and White can be cleared with GENETICS SCIENCE study of those tribes and
those of Anthropological specimens of the Civilisations and Megalithic culture
of that civilisation and period there after.
Haplogroup M (mtDNA)
In human genetics,
Haplogroup M is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.(ONLY
DERIVED FROM MATERNAL GENES maternal mitochondrial
DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup)
Genetic evidence Haplogroup H (Y-DNA)
In human genetics, Haplogroup H (M69) is a Y-chromosome
haplogroup.
MAYA and Mayan books
of Mexico suggest that
Indian crossed the Atlantic from Europe and
lived in Mexican caves before 20000 years ago. Decoding is available - books
original information are available for reference form the reference library.
Including MAYAN CODOSIS and decoding Mayan language.
CIVILISATION started in river basin areas of saraswati and
INDUS and spread to middle east , Europe and than across the atlantic to Mexico
and southern america
- Peru and Andis, BUt how
they cross the ATLANTIC. about 10000 years ago
english chennel was frozen to ice so gypsis (original Indian origin as they
believe themselves of INDIAN origin - SEE GENETIC DNA reports bootom of this
email) crossed to british land, worshiped at STONEHENGE, worshiping SUN
(suryavanshi), to cross an ATLANTIC ocean they go further north to SCANDINAVIA
(so finis - scandinavian has similar GENETIC DNA similarity with Indian origin
and differes from rest of Scandinavian tribes and rest of europeans too) to
cross to CANADIAN part and then south to MEXICO and to PERU and ANDIS regions.
(Mexican Maya civilisations authentic book we have gives
information as people of Indian - asian origin came from across Europe to
Maxico caves and stayed there in caves some 20000 yeras back - similar evidense
found MARUDA TAKKAR an oldest port of the world in the middle of present
SALT RANN and lake of INDUS SARASWATI at the time 20000 years ago)
Romani people (Gypsies or
Gipsies)
The Romani people[46][47], Roma people[48][49][50] or Romany people are
an ethnic group with origins in South Asia.[51][52] The Romani people
are a widely dispersed ethnic group, with the largest concentrated populations
in Europe and the Americas.[53][54] They are often
referred to as Gypsies or Gipsies.
Origins
The absence of a written history has meant that the origin and early
history of the Roma people was long an enigma. As early as 200 years ago,
cultural scholars hypothesised an Indian origin of the Roma based on linguistic
evidence[83]. Genetic information confirms this.
Although the Nazis claimed that the Gypsies were not Aryan,[citation needed]
some members
of the Gypsy Lore Society (established in 1888 in England) claimed that the
Gypsies were the most ancient Aryans and "sought to protect them from
mixing with non-Gypsy elements and from modernization...".[84]
Linguistic evidence
Until the mid to late
eighteenth century, theories of the origin of the Roma were mostly speculative.
Then in 1782, Johann Christian Christoph Rüdiger published his research that
pointed out the relationship between the Romani language and Hindustani.[85]
Subsequent work supported the hypothesis that Romani
shared a common origin with the Indo-Aryan languages of Northern
India,[86] with Romani grouping most closely with Sinhalese in a recent
study.[87]
The majority of historians accepted this
as evidence of an Indian origin for the Roma, but some maintained that the Roma
acquired the language through contact with Indian merchants.[88]
An ADDITIONAL
readings of BIOMEDICAL, GENETICS, GENETIC STUDY of DNA in our GENETICS
Library of Kutch science foundation.
Biology Complete Library +500s of Books
Human
Anatomy Science and complete Medical Library for medical university and
research students. + 1500 BOOKS
Full medical science library, medical dictionary and
Ayurvedic information library INCLUDING BIOMEDICAL, GENETICS, + 1500 BOOKS
The Place of the Indian mtDNA Variants in the Global
Network Maternal Lineages and the Peopling of the Old World
HUMAN MITOCHONDRIAL DNA HAPLOGROUP R IN INDIA DISSECTING
Fundamental genomic unity of ethnic India is revealed by analysis of
mitochondrial DNA
Eurasia Populations
genetics mtDNA HAPLOGROUP
Deep common ancestry of
Indian and western-Eurasian mitochondrial DNA lineages
BMC Phylogeography of mtDNA haplogroup R7 in the Indian peninsula
Population substructure in Finland and Sweden revealed
THOUGH MANY STUDIES HAVE been published for genetic study of
Romans, Egyptian, Mayan, Eskimos, Scandinavians, finis, tribes of Indian and
Indo-Asians, but not specific to the tribes in Kutch
and Indo-Saraswati river basin tribes. Need to Do that part of genetic study to
clear all Black and white of all such puzzles. And thats the Best key to all.
As in Finland
some people differ genetically from the rest of the population, they are traced
genetically from genes of possibly those of the Indo Saraswati river basin
tribes ancestry (e.g. Megh MAARU, Sindhis, Jats, Rajputs of 36 KULs, Aryans,
Ahirs, RABARIES, KANBIes etc.). So they are eager to trace their ancestry genes
from those tribes and so wish to make a Genetic study of those tribes as early
as possible and so they are in constant touch with Science foundation and
gathering all information from Genetic Science library of Kutch
science foundation.
Such work of Genetic science study will clear all doubts and
clouds from any doubts raised.
From yours: Dr. BHUDIA : Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:'Kutch Science Foundation'.
Founder :'Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch'.
Life Member:'kutch Itihaas Parishad'.
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia/http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience/http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh/http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj/
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science
club of India, Science Group of India.
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From: kutchsciencefoundation@...
Sub:- REALITY of GALACTIC collissions snaped by Hubble telescope
Dear friends of Science and Astronomy,
Many a times an imaginary simulations of GALACTIC collisions have been produced
by many scientist What might will happen when our neighboring an Andromeda
Galaxy (DEVIYANI VISHVA - GALAXY) will collide with our Milky way (MANDAKINI
VISHVA-GALAXY) in about 2.64Bn years.
Many a times an imaginary simulations of GALACTIC collisions have been produced
by many scientist, but that is the only an imaginations of the imaginary
thoughts of the scientists out of their minds and produced as graphics produced
by the computer simulations only.
The Realistic picture of pre-collision of the galactic encounter is displayed in
the recent picture snapped by the HUBBLE telescope.
Very clearly visible that Hoe the stars of the outer arms near the periphery of
the approaching the galaxy are dragged to the GRAVITATIONAL GALACTIC CENTER part
(eg Black Hole) by the gravitational tunnel to the dominant gravitational
Galaxy. As we see in the two star gravitational forces of high gravity star
absorbs the outer atmospheric gases from the giant stars.
And what will might happen when the remaining galactic cores come close to each
other by the gravitations. With High energy collisions will create extreme heat
and energy with the trillions of degree of the temperature will be crated to
evoperate the gases and life and rotations of the two galactic mass by creation
of the high spin inertia.
Forwarded by Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA .
President:' Kutch Science Foundation'.
Founder :' Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch '.
Life Member:'kutch Itihaas Parishad'.
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do
visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India,
Science Group of India & kutch science foundation and ALSO
JOIN US.
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Dear friends of Science, Astronomy and Space,
ON Friday 23 April 2009 was the last lecture of the series of Astronomy and
Space science presented by astronaut Michel Foel, in university of Hertfordshire
at Hatfield and in cooperation of ESA and NASA.
Series of lectures of Space and ASTRONOMY with wide screen display was really a
good experience to feeling of being in space though being on the Earth. the
lectures are recorded for display for the public for a general interests and to
motivate school, colleges and graduates to participate and adapt the new Space
science programs by ESA and NASA.
Wish every one who have excess to watch these series should not miss the chance.
and hope will soon be available for all who wish to take interests in the
subject and participate their views and ideas.
By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience/http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science Group of
India.
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Scientists discover a nearly Earth-sized planet
http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20090421/ap_on_sc/eu_britain_new_planet
AP An artist's impression of 'Planet e' , forground left,
released by the European Organisation for Astronomical HATFIELD, England In
the search for Earth-like planets, astronomers zeroed
in Tuesday on two places that look awfully familiar to home. One is close to the
right size. The other is in the right place. European researchers said they not
only found the smallest exoplanet ever, called Gliese
581 e, but realized that a neighboring planet discovered earlier, Gliese 581 d,
was
in the prime habitable
zone for potential life.
"The Holy Grail of current exoplanet research is the detection of a rocky,
Earth-like planet in the 'habitable zone,'" said Michel
Mayor, an astrophysicist at Geneva University in Switzerland.
An American expert called the discovery of the tiny planet
"extraordinary."
Gliese 581 e is only 1.9 times the size of Earth while previous planets
found outside our solar system are closer to the size of massive Jupiter, which
NASA says could swallow more than 1,000 Earths.
Gliese 581 e sits close to the nearest star, making it too hot to support life.
Still, Mayor said its discovery in a solar system 20 1/2 light years away from
Earth is a "good example that we are progressing in the detection of Earth-like
planets."
Scientists also discovered that the orbit of planet Gliese 581 d, which was
found in 2007, was located within the "habitable zone" a region around a
sun-like star that would allow water to be liquid on the planet's surface, Mayor
said.
He spoke at a news conference Tuesday at the University of Hertfordshire
during the European Week of Astronomy and Space
Science.
Gliese 581 d is probably too large to be made only of rocky material, fellow
astronomer and team member Stephane Udry said, adding it was possible the planet
had a "large and deep" ocean.
"It is the first serious 'water-world' candidate," Udry said.
Mayor's main planet-hunting competitor, Geoff Marcy of the University of
California, Berkeley, praised the find of Gliese 581 e as "the most exciting
discovery" so far of exoplanets planets outside our solar system.
"This discovery is absolutely extraordinary," Marcy told The Associated Press
by e-mail, calling the discoveries a significant step in the search for
Earth-like planets.
While Gliese 581 e is too hot for life "it shows that nature makes such small
planets, probably in large numbers," Marcy commented. "Surely the galaxy
contains tens of billions of planets like the small, Earth-mass one announced
here."
Nearly 350 planets have been found outside our solar system, but so far
nearly every one of them was found to be extremely unlikely to harbor life.
Most were too close or too far from their sun, making them too hot or too
cold for life. Others were too big and likely to be uninhabitable gas
giants like Jupiter. Those that are too small are highly difficult to
detect in the first place.
Both Gliese 581 d and Gliese 581 e are located in constellation Libra and
orbit around Gliese 581.
Like other planets circling that star scientists have discovered four so
far Gliese 581 e was found using the European Southern Observatory's telescope
in La Silla,
Chile.
The telescope has a special instrument which splits light to find wobbles in
different wavelengths. Those wobbles can reveal the existence of other
worlds.
"It is great work and shows the potential of this detection method," said
Lisa Kaltenegger, an astronomer at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for
Astrophysics.
Associated Press Science Writer Seth Borenstein contributed to this report
from Washington
Forwarded By yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:'Kutch Science Foundation'.
Founder :'Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch'.
Life Member:'kutch Itihaas Parishad'.
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do
visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science Group of
India & kutch science foundation and ALSO JOIN US.
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Dear Editor of the KUTCH MITRA,
News PUBLISHED todays 20 April 2009 in KutchMitra About GUNTALI GADH and SHIVA
temple is 3 years old. http://www.kutchmitradaily.com/News.aspx?id=28081
As the excavation was carried out in 2006 and BASE stones of SHIVA temple facing
to EAST (PURVABHIMUKH), some OL SHIVA temple may Be facing WESt as KOTESHWAR and
RAMKUND SHIVA Temple.
Identified ShivaLINGA was Dug out and established nearby whiting BASE stone of
Temple area. and is being worshiped since then - as shown in composed picture -
od SAWAN month during 2006.
Excavation was recorded and documented in 2006 - a copy of the is attached.
Individual pictures can be requested on request email.
SANDHs brothers were killed here by
Mod brothers and their seven Padiyas are preserved there in the area
near by the Shiva temple place where they were killed while praying the
Shiva in that temple. PADIAs are in part of composed picture below.
Date: Mon, 20 Apr 2009
Date: Monday, 23 October, 2006, 10:26 PM
From: Kutch Science Foundation kutchsciencefoundation@...
Sent: Mon, 23/10/06, KutchScience kutchscience@... wrote:
Subject: Gadh Of Guntali and its civilisation 2500BC - Guntali Gadh was an
Ancient Port - Desalpur \ Guntali Gadh LATITUDE 23o27'N LONGITUDE
69o10'E is under Excavation
Dear friends of Science, Astronomy, Archaeology, and History ,
Guntali Gadh is situated near Deshalpar Village of Nakhatrana. Guntali Gadh area
is surrounded by the river channel and river area. had a nice views of the area
of the Gadh (Zarukha Bari - windows of the GADH) but the recent Earthquake has
destroyed all those ancient structures and we can see only ruins of the area and
need to make a search for the every aspect of the history if we wish to see the
proofs of those history of the Place. Deshalpar village is established nearby
the actual OLD Deshalpar (Guntali) Village which is on the river bank area north
of the present village. Though the area has been encroached by other means
before few centuries ago, but still the evidence of old settlements are seen and
ancient potteries found in the area is dating back to 2000BC - 2500BC.
History: At the end of the seventh century the Arabs conquered Sindh. Samma
Rajputs of the hindu clan settled in Kutch. Some of the chiefs also settled in
Sindh and were allowed by the Arabs to be independent rulers there. In the early
ninth century the chief of that clan was Lakho Ghuraro, who had two wives.
After the death of Lakho Ghuraro his eldest son Unnad succeeded, but Unnads
step brother Mod and Manai plotted against him and killed him. Later on Mod and
Manai conspired to kill their uncle Vagam Chavda and declared themselves the
kings of the area. That time Patgadh was under the rule of seven brothers of the
Sandh tribe "Seven Sandhs", who threatened to avenge the murder of Vagam. Later
on Mod and Manai killed the seven sandhs and became the masters of the city and
of its dependant territories.
Presently under Excavation Guntaligadh was an Ancient Port - Desalpur \ Guntali
gadh LATITUDE 23o27N LONGITUDE 69o10E is under Excavation located on the bank
of the Great Rann or the Little Rann of Kachchha, which were once a part of the
sea, are examples of such ports. Thus, remote sensing data shows that most of
the places mentioned in literature which are believed to be the ports were
indeed ports in the past. Thus it is possible to find out or confirm the
location of old riverine ports or seaports using satellite data.
Visiting the area of Old Guntali Gadh area (Picture section 1-Top Left :Gadh Of
Guntali ) is very interesting. Not only for the history of the Guntali Mata and
the History of Manai and Mods and the revenge of those as explained in the
History of the last millennium. But also for the Megalithic Samadhi Culture of
the area which was followed since before and going back to the 2500BC. (Picture
section 2 -Top Middle: Megalithic Culture) and also we can find plenty of the
ancient black and red coloured potteries of that time.
As History of the Mods and Manais, Later on Mod and Manai killed the seven
sandhs when they were praying in the Shiva temple just out side of the GADH area
which was covered by the water canal around the GADH area. Area of the
underground Foundation stones of that Old Shiva temple was found nearby and in
the front of the Gadh. (Picture section 4 Middle Left: Old Shiva Temple
Foundation). we also traced the place of the ancient Shiva Ling was buried
underground which is showing the channel of water of GANGOTRI - NAMAN of Shiva
Ling Abhishek. (Picture section 5 Middle Right: Old Shiva Ling Placed). Which
was then dig out from the place where it was buried underground and placed
nearby with a STHAPAN VIDHI by making a stone walls around to form a stone
temple area as in (Picture section 7 Lower Right: Old Shiva Re-Placed here).
seven SANDHs brothers were
killed here by Mod brothers and their seven Padiyas are preserved there in the
area near by the Shiva temple place where they were killed while praying the
Shiva in that temple. (Picture section 3 Top Right: Manai Padiya & 6 Lower Left:
Manai Padiya Carvings)
There are five civilisation places Near by the area around the Guntali Gadh. 1)
Deshalpar Guntali just few kilometers North of Guntali Gadh on the road to
ancient port of LUNA in RANN of Kutch, 2) Todiya is on the off road of the High
way of Lakhpat. 3) JATAWIRA is place in the hill area of north of Nakhatrana and
west of the Guntali Deshalpar. 4) Sukhpar (Aral wadi) in Nakhatrana Aral area
is North of Nakhatrana on the road of Dhirnodhar going to the Chari Dhandh area
to the north in the Rann area of the kutch. 5) Kotada BHADLI nearby the
LAKHIYAVIRA is west of Nakhatrana and the Dhirnodhar. Tropical of cancer passes
in the foot hills (Dharmashala) of the Dhirnodhar Hills and crosses all this
areas of ancient civlisations around this area. that's the reason why this area
has all these ancient civilisation establishments. That is the real scientific
and astronomical
reason of the area having the ancient civilisation clustered in this area. As
from this area from where the tropics of cancer passes gives the clues of
geographical positions where Astronomy study and measurement starts. and that's
the reason why Kutch have more than hundred of Ancient Saraswati civilisation
are situated and most ancient civilisation in the world start from HERE in the
KUTCH. MARUDA (+15000 BC) is even older than DHOLAVIRA which is +3500BC. The
MARUDA TAKKAR, most ancient port of Gujarat is the Most ancient PORT and
civilisation in the world and is in the RANN of the KUTCH and in the past it was
surrounded by the waters of Saraswati rivers but now in the middle of the salt
of the present RANN of the KUTCH.
1
Desalpur \ Guntali gadh
23o27N
69o10E
Nakhatrana Kachchha
Excavation
For an Enlarged views of the separate areas and section do send a request mail
to kutchscience@...
1)Top Left :Gadh Of Guntali 2)Top Middle: Megalithic Culture 3)Top Right:
SANDH's Padiya
4 Middle Left: Old Shiva Temple Foundation STONES - 5 Middle Right: Old Shiva
Ling Place from where it was dug out .
6)Lower Left: SANDH's Padiya Carvings 7)Lower Right: Old Shiva Linga Re-Placed
here and worshiped in SAWAn of 2006 .
From YOUR Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation". kutchscience@...
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science Groups of India.
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From: drbhudia@...
BBC says about Taj Mahal---Hidden Truth
http://missionisi.wordpress.com/2007/11/24/taj-mahal-or-tejo-mahalaya-2/
Taj Mahal --- The Hidden Truth: BBC says about Taj Mahal---hidden
7 Mar 2006 ... BBC says about Taj Mahal---hidden truth - Leisure Reading. If u
dont believe the article below, and have faith upon BBC, please visit their ...
sanketmistry.blogspot.com/2006/03/bbc-says-about-taj-mahal-hidden-truth.html
http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/alabaster/A5220
Real History of "Taj Mahal"
It is proved Taj Mahal is not a burial of Mumtaj but an ancient temple of Lord
Shiva. Sufficient proofs and website links are with this mail.
U can try this link (text and photo) before/after going through this mail:
http://www.stephen-knapp.com/was_the_taj_mahal_a_vedic_temple.htm
Aerial view of the Taj Mahal
The interior water well
Frontal view of the Taj Mahal and dome
Close up of the dome with pinnacle
Close up of the pinnacle
Inlaid pinnacle pattern in courtyard
Rear view of the Taj & 22 apartments
View of sealed doors & windows in back
Typical Vedic style corridors
The Music House--a contradiction
A locked room on upper floor
A marble apartment on ground floor
The OM in the flowers on the walls
Staircase that leads to the lower levels
One of the 22 rooms in the secret lower level
Interior of one of the 22 secret rooms
Interior of another of the locked rooms
Vedic design on ceiling of a locked room
Huge ventilator sealed shut with bricks
Secret walled door that leads to other rooms
Secret bricked door that hides more evidence
Palace in Barhanpur where Mumtaz died
Pavilion where Mumtaz is said to be buried
NOW READ THIS.......
No one has ever challenged it except Prof. P. N. Oak, who believes the
whole world has been duped. In his book Taj Mahal:
The True Story, Oak says theTaj Mahal is not Queen Mumtaz's tomb but an ancient
Hindu temple palace of Lord Shiva (then known as Tejo Mahalaya ) . In the course
of his research Oak discovered that the Shiva temple palace was usurped by Shah
Jahan from then Maharaja of Jaipur, Jai Singh. In his own court ch ronicle,
Badshahnama,Shah Jahan admits that an
exceptionally beautiful grand mansion in Agra
was taken from Jai SIngh for Mumtaz's burial . The ex-Maharaja of Jaipur still
retains in his secret collection two orders from Shah Jahan for surrendering the
Taj building. Using captured temples and mansions, as a burial place for dead
courtiers and royalty was a common practice among Muslim rulers.
For example, Humayun,Akbar, Etmud-ud-Daula and Safdarjung are all buried in such
mansions. Oak's inquiries began with the name of Taj Mahal. He says the term "
Mahal " has never been used for a building in
any Muslim countries from Afghanisthan to Algeria . "The unusual explanation
that the term Taj Mahal derives from Mumtaz Mahal was illogical in atleast two
respects.
Firstly, her name was never Mumtaz Mahal but Mumtaz-ul-Zamani," he
writes.Secondly, one cannot omit the first three letters
'Mum' from a woman's name to derive the remainder as the name for the
building."Taj Mahal, he claims, is a corrupt version of Tejo Mahalaya, or Lord
Shiva's Palace . Oak also says the love story of Mumtaz and Shah Jahan is a
fairy tale cre ated by court sycophants, blundering historians and sloppy
archaeologists Not a single royal chronicle of Shah Jahan's time corroborates
the love story.
Furthermore, Oak cites several documents suggesting the Taj Mahal predates Shah
Jahan's era, and was a temple dedicated to Shiva, worshipped by Rajputs of Agra
city. For example, Prof. Marvin Miller of New York took a few samples from the
riverside doorway of the Taj. Carbon dating tests revealed
that the door was 300 years older than Shah Jahan. European traveler Johan
Albert Mandelslo,who visited Agra in 1638 (only seven years after Mumtaz's
death), describes the life of the cit y in his memoirs. But he makes no
reference to the Taj Mahal being built. The writings of Peter Mundy, an English
visitor to Agra within a year of Mumtaz's death, also suggest the Taj was a
noteworthy building well before Shah Jahan's time.
Prof. Oak points out a number of design and architectural inconsistencies that
support the belief of the Taj Mahal being a typical Hindu temple rather than a
mausoleum. Many rooms in the Taj ! Mahal have remained sealed since Shah Jahan's
time and are still inaccessible to the public . Oak asserts they contain a
headless statue of Lord Shiva and other objects commonly used for worship
rituals in
Hindu temples Fearing political backlash, Indira Gandhi's government t ried to
have Prof. Oak's book withdrawn from the bookstores, and threatened the Indian
publisher of the first edition dire consequences . There is only one way to
discredit or validate Oak's research.
The current government should open the sealed rooms of the Taj Ma hal under
U.N.. supervision, and let international experts investigate.
Do circulate this to all you know and let them know about this reality......
_________________________________________________________________
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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Mon, 6/4/09, The Lancet Conferences lancetmkt@...
wrote:
From: The Lancet Conferences lancetmkt@...
Subject: Influenza in the
Asia-Pacific
To: "drbhudia@..." <drbhudia@...>
Date:
Monday, 6 April, 2009, 8:40 PM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\
-----------
PLEASE DO NOT REPLY TO THIS EMAIL. It is post-only and can not be read.
This email has been sent to drbhudia@... from The Lancet,
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Please read our site's Privacy Policy .
THE LANCETŪ is a
registered trademark of Elsevier Properties SA used with
permission.FORWARDED By Yours :- Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
President:"Kutch
Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club -
Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas
Parishad".
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia/http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do
visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India,
Science Group of India.
_________________________________________________________________
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Species
Kutch
Gir
Vela-
vadar
Ahmedabad &Thol
Grey
Francolin Francolinus pondicerianus
x
x
x
x
Black
Francolin Francolinus francolinus
x
x
Common
Quail Coturnix coturnix
x
Indian
Peafowl Pavo cristatus
x
x
x
Greylag
Goose Anser anser
x
Ruddy
Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea
x
x
Comb
Duck Sarkidiornis melanotos
x
Gadwall
Anas strepera
x
x
Eurasian
Wigeon Anas penelope
x
x
Mallard
Anas platyrhynchos
x
x
Spot-billed
Duck Anas poecilorhyncha
x
x
Northern
Shoveler Anas clypeata
x
x
Northern
Pintail Anas acuta
x
x
Garganey
Anas querquedula
x
x
Common
Teal Anas crecca
x
x
x
Common
Pochard Aythya ferina
x
x
Ferruginous
Pochard Aythya nyroca
x
Tufted
Duck Aythya fuligula
x
Brown-capped
Pygmy Woodpecker Dendrocopos nanus
x
Yellow-crowned
Woodpecker Dendrocopos mahrattensis
x
x
Black-rumped
Flameback Dinopium benghalense
x
Coppersmith
Barbet Megalaima haemacephala
x
Common
Hoopoe Upupa epops
x
x
x
x
Indian
Roller Coracias benghalensis
x
x
x
x
Common
Kingfisher Alcedo atthis
x
x
x
White-throated
Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis
x
x
x
x
Pied
Kingfisher Ceryle rudis
x
x
Green
Bee-eater Merops orientalis
x
x
x
Asian
Koel Eudynamys scolopacea
x
x
Greater
Coucal Centropus sinensis
x
x
x
Rose-ringed
Parakeet Psittacula krameri
x
x
x
Plum-headed
Parakeet Psittacula cyanocephala
x
House
Swift Apus affinis
x
x
Crested
Treeswift Hemiprocne coronata
x
Eurasian
Eagle Owl Bubo bengalensis
x
Spotted
Owlet Athene brama
x
x
Short-eared
Owl Asio flammeus
x
Grey
Nightjar Caprimulgus indicus
x
Sykess
Nightjar Caprimulgus mahrattensis
x
Indian
Nightjar Caprimulgus asiaticus
x
Rock
pigeon Columba livia
x
x
x
x
Laughing
Dove Streptopelia senegalensis
x
x
x
x
Red
Collared Dove Streptopelia tranquebarica
x
Eurasian
Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto
x
x
x
x
Yellow-footed
Green Pigeon Treron phoenicoptera
x
x
Indian
Bustard Ardeotis nigriceps
x
Sarus
Crane Grus antigone
x
Common
Crane Grus grus
x
x
x
x
White-breasted
Waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus
x
x
x
Purple
Swamphen Gallinula chloropus
x
x
Common
Moorhen Gallinula chloropus
x
x
Common
Coot Fulica atra
x
x
Chestnut-bellied
Sandgrouse Pterocles exustus
x
Painted
Sandgrouse Pterocles indicus
x
Common
Snipe Gallinago gallinago
x
x
Black-tailed
Godwit Limosa limosa
x
Bar-tailed
Godwit Limosa lapponica
x
Whimbrel
Numenius phaeopus
x
Eurasian
Curlew Numenius arquata
x
Common
Redshank Tringa totanus
x
Marsh
Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis
x
x
Common
Greenshank Tringa nebularia
x
Green
Sandpiper Tringa ochropus
x
Wood
Sandpiper Tringa glareola
x
x
Terek
Sandpiper Xenus cinereus
x
Common
Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos
x
x
x
Ruddy
Turnstone Arenaria interpres
x
Little
Stint Calidris minuta
x
Temmincks
Stint Calidris temminckii
x
Dunlin
Calidris alpina
x
Ruff
Philomachus pugnax
x
Eurasian
Thick-knee Burhinus oedicnemus
x
Great
Thick-knee Esacus recurvirostris
x
Eurasian
Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus
x
Black-winged
Stilt Himantopus himantopus
x
x
x
Grey
Plover Pluvialis squatarola
x
Little
Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius
x
x
Kentish
Plover Charadrius alexandrinus
x
Lesser
Sand Plover Charadrius mongolus
x
Yellow-wattled
Lapwing Vanellus malarbaricus
x
Red-wattled
Lapwing Vanellus indicus
x
x
x
x
Indian
Courser Cursorius coromandelicus
x
Oriental
Pratincole Glareola maldivarum
x
Heuglin's
Gull Larus heuglini
x
Steppe
Gull Larus (cachinnans or heuglini) barabensis
x
Caspian
Gull Larus cachinnans
x
Pallas's
Gull Larus ichthyaetus
x
Brown-headed
Gull Larus brunnicephalus
x
Black-headed
Gull Larus ridibundus
x
Slender-billed
Gull Larus genei
x
Gull-billed
Tern Gelochelidon nilotica
x
Caspian
Tern Sterna caspia
x
River
Tern Sterna aurantia
x
x
Lesser
Crested Tern Sterna bengalensis
x
Great
Crested Tern Sterna bergii
x
Little
Tern Sterna albifrons
x
Whiskered
Tern Chlidonias hybridus
x
x
Osprey
Pandion haliaetus
x
x
x
Black-shouldered
Kite Elanus caeruleus
x
x
x
x
Black
Kite Milvus migrans
x
x
Brahminy
Kite Haliastur indus
x
x
Eurasian
Griffon Gyps fulvus
x
Short-toed
Snake Eagle Circaetus gallicus
x
x
x
Eurasian
Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus
x
x
x
Pallid
Harrier Circus macrourus
x
x
Montagus
Harrier Circus pygargus
x
x
Shikra
Accipiter badius
x
x
x
x
Oriental
Honey-buzzard Pernis ptilorhyncus
x
x
x
Long-legged
Buzzard Buteo rufinus
x
x
Greater
Spotted Eagle Aquila clanga
x
Tawny
Eagle Aquila rapax
x
Steppe
Eagle Aquila nipalensis
x
x
x
Imperial
Eagle Aquila heliaca
x
Booted
Eagle Hieraaetus pennatus
x
Changeable
Hawk Eagle Spizaetus cirrhatus
x
Common
Kestrel Falco tinnunculus
x
x
x
Laggar
Falcon Falco jugger
x
Little
Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis
x
x
x
Great
Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus
x
Darter
Anhinga melanogaster
x
x
x
Little
Cormorant Phalacrocorax niger
x
x
Great
Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo
x
x
x
Little
Egret Egretta garzetta
x
x
x
Western
Reef Egret Egretta gularis
x
Grey
Heron Ardea cinerea
x
x
Purple
Heron Ardea purpurea
x
x
Great
Egret Casmerodius albus
x
x
Intermediate
Egret Mesophoyx intermedia
x
Cattle
Egret Bubulcus ibis
x
x
x
x
Indian
Pond Heron Ardeola grayii
x
x
x
Black-crowned
Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax
x
Lesser
Flamingo Phoenicopterus minor
x
Glossy
Ibis Plegadis falcinellus
x
x
Black-headed
Ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus
x
Black
Ibis Pseudibis papillosa
x
x
Eurasian
Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia
x
x
Great
White Pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus
x
x
Dalmatian
Pelican Pelecanus crispus
x
Painted
Stork Mycteria leucocephala
x
x
Asian
Openbill Anastomus oscitans
x
Woolly-necked
Stork Ciconia episcopus
x
White
Stork Ciconia ciconia
x
Rufous-tailed
Shrike Lanius isabellinus
x
x
Bay-backed
Shrike Lanius vittatus
x
x
x
Long-tailed
Shrike Lanius schach
x
x
x
x
Southern
Grey Shrike Lanius meridionalis
x
Rufous
Treepie Dendrocitta vagabunda
x
House
Crow Corvus splendens
x
x
x
x
Large-billed
Crow Corvus macrorhynchos
x
x
x
Small
Minivet Pericrocotus cinnamomeus
x
x
White-browed
Fantail Rhipidura aureola
x
Black
Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus
x
x
x
x
Asian
Paradise-flycatcher Terpsiphone paradisi
x
Common
Iora Aegithina tiphia
x
Marshall's Iora Aegithina nigrolutea
x
Common
Woodshrike Tephrodornis pondicerianus
x
x
Red-breasted
Flycatcher Ficedula parva
x
x
Tickell's
Blue Flycatcher Cyornis tickelliae
x
Bluethroat
Luscinia svecica
x
Oriental
Magpie Robin Copsychus saularis
x
x
Indian
Robin Saxicoloides fulicata
x
x
x
x
Black
Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros
x
x
x
Stoliczkas
Bushchat Saxicola macrorhyncha
x
Common
Stonechat Saxicola torquata
x
x
x
x
Pied
Bushchat Saxicola caprata
x
x
Brown
Rock-chat Cercomela fusca
x
Variable
Wheatear Oenanthe picata
x
x
Desert
Wheatear Oenanthe deserti
x
x
Isabelline
Wheatear Oenanthe isabellina
x
Red-tailed
Wheatear Oenanthe chrysopygia
x
Brahminy
Starling Sturnus pagodarum
x
x
Rosy
Starling Sturnus roseus
x
x
x
x
Common
Starling Sturnus vulgaris
x
Asian
Pied Starling Sturnus contra
x
x
Common
Myna Acridotheres tristis
x
x
x
x
Bank
Myna Acridotheres ginginianus
x
x
x
x
Great
Tit Parus major
x
White-naped
Tit Parus nuchalis
x
Sand
Martin Riparia riparia
x
Dusky
Crag Martin Hirundo concolor
x
x
Barn
Swallow Hirundo rustica
x
x
Wire-tailed
Swallow Hirundo smithii
x
Red-rumped
Swallow Hirundo daurica
x
White-eared
Bulbul Pycnonotus leucotis
x
x
Red-vented
Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer
x
x
x
x
Grey
Hypocolius Hypocolius ampelinus
x
Rufous-fronted
Prinia Prinia buchanani
x
x
Grey-breasted
Prinia Prinia hodgsonii
x
x
Ashy
Prinia Prinia socialis
x
Plain
Prinia Prinia inornata
x
x
x
Graceful
Prinia Prinia gracilis
x
Zitting
Cisticola Cisticola juncidis
x
x
Oriental
White-eye Zosterops palpebrosus
x
Paddyfield
Warbler Acrocephalus agricola
x
Clamorous
Reed Warbler Acrocephalus stentoreus
x
x
Sykes's
Warbler Hippolais rama
x
Common
Tailorbird Orthotomus sutorius
x
x
x
Common
Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita
x
x
Hume's
Warbler Phylloscopus humei
x
Greenish
Warbler Phylloscopus trochiloides
x
Tawny-bellied
Babbler Dumetia hyperythra
x
Yellow-eyed
Babbler Chrysomma sinense
x
Common
Babbler Turdoides caudatus
x
x
x
Large
Grey Babbler Turdoides malcolmi
x
x
Jungle
Babbler Turdoides striatus
x
x
Lesser
Whitethroat Sylvia curruca
x
x
x
Desert
Warbler Sylvia nana
x
Orphean
Warbler Sylvia hortensis
x
Indian
Bushlark Mirafra erythroptera
x
Ashy-crowned
Sparrow Lark Eremopterix grisea
x
x
x
x
Rufous-tailed
Lark Ammomanes phoenicurus
x
x
Bimaculated
lark Melanocorypha bimaculata
x
Greater
Short-toed Lark Calandrella brachydactyla
x
x
Sand
Lark Calandrella raytal
x
Crested
Lark Galerida cristata
x
x
x
Sykess
Lark Galerida deva
x
Purple
Sunbird Nectarinia asiatica
x
x
House
Sparrow Passer domesticus
x
x
x
Chestnut-shouldered
Petronia Petronia xanthocollis
x
x
White
Wagtail Motacilla alba
x
x
x
White-browed
Wagtail Motacilla maderaspatensis
x
Citrine
Wagtail Motacilla citreola
x
x
Yellow
Wagtail Motacilla flava
x
x
x
Grey
Wagtail Motacilla cinerea
x
x
Paddyfield
Pipit Anthus rufulus
x
x
x
Tawny
Pipit Anthus campestris
x
x
Long-billed
Pipit Anthus similis
x
x
Tree
Pipit Anthus trivialis
x
Baya
Weaver Ploceus philippinus
x
Indian
Silverbill Lonchura malabarica
x
x
Common
Rosefinch Carpodacus erythrinus
x
Grey-necked
Bunting Emberiza buchanani
x
Black-headed
Bunting Emberiza melanocephala
x
From
Yours :- Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of
INDIA.http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/
President:"Kutch
Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club -
Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas
Parishad".
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia/http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do
visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India,
Science Group of India.
_________________________________________________________________
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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Weather report at SARISKA SATURDAY NIGHT 28 MARCH 2009
For the VISITERS visiting SARISKA WILD LIFE RESERVE for wildlife, nature and In
this International Year of Astronomy, SPACE is organising a
Messier Marathon on the night of March 28th/29th from the pristine and dark
skies
of Sariska National Park (27.39 N, 76.46E and Alt of 485 mts).
MADHAVPUR is clear and partly cloudy in SUNDAY MORNING
9 pm 84°F Mostly Cloudy
10PM 82°F Mostly Cloudy
11 pm 80°F Mostly Cloudy
12 am Sunday, March 29 78°F Mostly Cloudy
1 am 76°F Mostly Cloudy
2 am 75°F Mostly Cloudy
3 am 74°F Partly Cloudy
4 am 73°F Partly Cloudy
5 am 73°F Partly Cloudy
Its that time of the year again when we have an opportunity to observe
all
Messier objects in one night.
In this International Year of
Astronomy, SPACE is organising a Messier
Marathon on the night of March
28th/29th from the pristine and dark skies
of Sariska National Park (27.39 N,
76.46E and Alt of 485 mts). The event
has been kept open to all interested
people and and not just amatuer
astronomers. SPACE will provide for
telescopes, star maps and finder
charts for the participants but you are more
than welcome to carry your
own equipment. There will be many seasoned amatuer
astronomers to guide
the beginners.
Space brings this opportunity to
you in the form of a 2Day/1Night trip to
Sariska National Park, Rajasthan at
price of Rs. 3200/- on 4 sharing basis
and also enjoys the exciting Jungle
Safari & group activities.Transport
from New Delhi to the observing
location and back is provided as well as
accommodation at the Tiger Den
Tourist Resort for the two days.
If you have any queries, please feel
free to call at +91-9250901041 or
mail at pooja@space-india.
org
(Because we have to make travel and accommodation arrangements
please
register by the 24th)
Hope to see you all
there.
Thanks
Pooja Choudhary
_________________________________________________________________
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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
From: KutchScienceFoundation@... (IT JUST TOOK 2years to wake up our
media and OUR KUTCH news papers and public)
Date: Sun, 17 Sep 2006 17:24:08 +0100
Dear friends of Kutch, Geology, Science and History,
We have and are hearing words "JUMBU DWIPe, BHARAT KHNDe, ARYA VRUTe, KUTCH
PRADESHe" in many processes to locate the place of the rituals. Which in
SANSKRIT language says in SAPTAMI vibhakti (DWIPe of Dwip , KHNDe of KHND, VRUTe
of VRUT, PRADESHe of PRADESH) of that nouns which means in IT (inside). which
actually says Kutch is inside the ARYAVRUT in the BHARAT KHAND (geological name
Indian continental plate). which is PART of JUMBU DWIP - geological name
Gondwanaland land).
Many geologist ask first question what is JUMBU DWIP? AND WHERE IS IT? so answer
is in Sanskrit language and in Vedas as Indian continental plate is separated
form Gondwanaland land, Gondwanaland land means JUMBU DWIP. so it is said so
"JUMBU DWIPe, BHARAT KHNDe" which means BHARAT KHAND (geological name Indian
continental plate). which is PART of JUMBU DWIP - geological name Gondwanaland
land).
But what's the point of discussing this with ritual sloks of Vedas?
Also in Shastras it has been explained of "SAMUDRA MANTHAN" means churning of
the sea. which was done by DEVAs and DANAVAs with Mount MERU ! on the BACK of
the (Turtle) means KUTCH. and next question in line comes from the geologists is
always where is Mount MERU? how we know that?
MOUNT MERU is in AFRICA now in Tanzania Log Latitude are: 3° 14' S; 36° 45' E
more details on http://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=11205
4565 meters, 14,977 feet,
Web Maps
Microsoft Local.Live Map
Ranges
Continent: Africa
Range2: East Africa Mountains
Range3: Northeast Tanzania
Ownership
Land: Arusha National Park (Highest Point)
Prominence
Clean Prominence: 3170 m/10,400 ft
Optimistic Prominence: 3170 m/10,400 ft
Nearest Topographic Higher Peak: Kilimanjaro
Key Col: 1395 m/4577 ft
Isolation
Distance to Higher Peak: 69.93 km/43.46 mi
Nearest Higher Neighbor: Kilimanjaro (ENE)
Which is south of the Equator so why Kutch and Mount MERU so far away? The
answer lies in Geology it self that After the separation from Gondwanaland land
(Jumbu Dwip) Africa - Madagascar and Indian continental plate (BHARAT KHAND)
are separated from each other at about 5cm /year and came to the present place
after so 250 million years later and with the collision of the BHARAT KHAND-
Indian continental plate and Asian plate created HIMALAYA about 60 Mn years in
process and is still active to increase the height of Mt Everest (original name
-QOMO LANGAM) and also decreasing the size of Nepal by 5cm /year.
And also said that Meru was North of us - (UTTARE MERU) Indian continental plate
was south of Equator and south to Mt MERU close to Madagascar which has moved
more south now.
And so we have similarity in fossils find of Africa and KUTCH - wild life,
farming and civilisation also. recently Crocodilian fossil finds in Kutch also
confirms similarity and SOON Human bone fossils 4.2Mn years old will be digg-ed
out of Kutch soil as in Ethiopia
http://www.wsws.org/articles/2003/jul2003/foss-j25.shtml
Seeing the view of Mt MERU we see the Mt Meru is in Valley (Great rift valley of
Africa) means it has been lowered down with the rift valley. otherwise height of
Mt Meru was more than that (14,977 ft + 6000 ft rift valley depth = 20977ft
which is higher than Kilimanjaro) which is east of Mt MERU and is younger than
Mt MERU. And also it has been said in Purana that MUNI AGATSYA (Sage Agatsya)
made Mt MERU to Lower down !!! and then Mt Meru remained lower down since than.
Meru means to be made of gold.
If The Kutch was under water at that time of "SAMUDRA MANTHAN" means churning of
the sea, that's the original land and so has fossil records back to that date.
and also rich in Minerals, fuels, Metallic and jewels as well. As DEVAs and
DANAVAs could retrieve those at that time why not now?
The below golden OOLITE from Kutch is giving such proofs today as well. we have
plenty of Coal and some one some day will find diamond as well and also gold and
IRIDIUM AND PLATINUM in KUTCH. Do not be surprised Kutch has Iridium Rich layers
in KHATROL range hills from ANJAR to Gadhshisha. see the report of GSI on
iridium layers of KUTCH. and Where iridium is there not only KT period suggests
Dinosaurs but also Next element of Chemistry is Platinum as well.
Views of Mt MERU in the Great rift vally eye bird view from Above at different
angles
Golden Oolite of Kutch Below. Meru means gold
FROM YOURS Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science Groups of India.
_________________________________________________________________
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Dear Science, Maths, History and astronomy Friends,
From: kutchsciencefoundation@...
Subject: HAPPY EQUINOX day
2009
20
11:44
21
05:45
22
21:18
21
17:47and good luck for astronomy meet. and the measurement methods of Angle of
sun and LONGITUDE LATITUDE @RAMKUND of BHUJ.
UTC date and time of solstices and equinoxes[1]
year
Equinox
Mar
Solstice
June
Equinox
Sept
Solstice
Dec
day
time
day
time
day
time
day
time
2002
20
19:16
21
13:24
23
04:55
22
01:14
2003
21
01:00
21
19:10
23
10:47
22
07:04
2004
20
06:49
21
00:57
22
16:30
21
12:42
2005
20
12:33
21
06:46
22
22:23
21
18:35
2006
20
18:26
21
12:26
23
04:03
22
00:22
2007
21
00:07
21
18:06
23
09:51
22
06:08
2009
20
11:44
21
05:45
22
21:18
21
17:47
2009
20
11:44
21
05:45
22
21:18
21
17:47
2010
20
17:32
21
11:28
23
03:09
21
23:38
2011
20
23:21
21
17:16
23
09:04
22
05:30
2012
20
05:14
20
23:09
22
14:49
21
11:11
2013
20
11:02
21
05:04
22
20:44
21
17:11
2014
20
16:57
21
10:51
23
02:29
21
23:03
Wish the day of the Astronomy meet can be arranged on the Equinox day and all
measurement activity is done in the equinox day during meet time at RAMKUND of
BHUJ. so every one can get benefit of it as well as all experts can give their
expertise support.
As Ramkund is perfectly constructed according to the Sun dial principles. E-W
N-S.
and all constructions are perfect rectagular and perpendicular. for measurement
one do not need to manage any such directions and leveling But only Shadow
measurenets ONLY for sun dialing. as we do in JANTAR MANTAR of Delhi or JAIPUR.
And that also will give the idea when tropic of cancer was passing there at
RAMKUND (23 14 51 N). and also the Earth's measurements.
Example of Latitudes longitude finding at the Local time. for tropical of
cancer @ Local time you need to find the correct time when sun is on with no
shadows East or West.
and need to be there at LOCAL time of 12:00 NOON which may be 12 + MM depending
on the place where you go Longitudes. for Bhuj 12:52 PM
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubindia/files/MeasureEarth.dochttp://f1.grp.yahoofs.com/v1/AMoxQMYX-9fiVHuxQHOo41ARbHhUCCePM4vTyesgNwoaLECS-Pj\
S97i5cgQxpGVZJxToBmG788WFGK948sho/MeasureEarth.doc
Hints: as Calculation of Latitude Longitude of the Place on Earth (eg RAMKUND)
we need to measure the angle of Sun. As on the Equinox day The sun is on the the
Equater, we need to go to the place on befor 12PM IST.
At 12 PM IST see the Northern steps Shadow showing towards the West will be
seen. on the day. wait for the local time 12:00 NOON which will be at 12:52 PM
IST.
Measuring the Angle of the SUN :
Similar Example of Latitudes longitude finding at the Local time. for tropical
of cancer @ Local time you need to find the correct time when no shadows East or
West.
and need to be there at LOCAL time of 12:00 NOON which may be 12 + MM depending
on the place where you go Longitudes.
As at 12 PM IST shadow on the RAMKUND will be towords the west of NORTHERN STEPS
of the RAMKUND. See when The shadow becomes perpedicular as line drawn in steps
diagrams, Shadow will be perfectly downwards in the plum line.
Now you find exact time when to there is shadow in exactly perpendicular line.
That say time is 12:52 than time difference is 52 minutes which is 52/4=13
dehrees means BHUJ is at 82.5-13=69.5 East. LONGITUDE MEASUREMENT and not the
LATITUDE MEASUREMENT
At this time you need to measure the lenth of the shadow at south steps as shown
in other diadram. and measuer the angle of the sun . which is equal to the
Latitude of the place as the sun is on Equater. LATITUDE MEASUREMENT and not
the LONGITUDE MEASUREMENT
as ramkund is constructed perfectly E W NS ans in perfect square and
perpendicular as reverse of PYRAMIS in the ground and exactly according to rules
Like pyramids accuracy.
Lenth of Shadow/height will give Tangent of the angle . tanke an anti tangent of
the figure you get by Shadow/height . thats the angle of the tilt of sun. Thats
the Latitude of the place RAMKUND.
As you are @ RAMKUND check how accurate is your experiment with figures of
RAMKUND (23 14 51 N).
World geometric dimension Table: created
Earths Equatorial Diameter
Equatorial Circumference 2D
Earths Inter Polar Diameter
Inter Polar Circumference 2D
12756 Km (E to W)
40053 KM (E to W)
12714 K m (N to S)
39900 KM (N to S)
(E to W 23:30 N/S)
(Using Tangent 23:30=0.917)
360 degree @ 23.5 Degree
36730km@Tropic of Cancer
360 deg Round the Earth
39900 KM Inter Polar
1 Degree = 60 Mins /360
=102 km = 64 Miles
1 Degree = 60 Mins /360
=110 km = 70 Miles
1 Min = 60 Secs /60
=1.7 KM =1.067 Miles
1 Min = 60 Secs /60
=1.84 KM =1.16 Miles
=1700 M = 5632 Feet
=1840 M = 6124 Feet
1Sec /60
28.3 M =94 Feet
1Sec /60
30.8 M =102 Feet
= 37 adult steps
= 18 Seconds walk
= 40 adult steps
= 20 Seconds walk
1minute walk =300feets=92M
1minute walk =300feets=92M
1hour = 5.4 Km walk
1hour = 5.4 Km walk
From yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:'Kutch Science Foundation'.
Founder :'Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch'.
Life Member:'kutch Itihaas Parishad'.
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science Group of India
& kutch science foundation and ALSO JOIN US.
_________________________________________________________________
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Date: Tue, 10 Mar 2009 13:29:39
From: drbhudia@...kutchsciencefoundation@...
Subject: Recently published the news of rewriting the history of Kutch and
action to fulfill it
Dear Editorials, friends of Archaeology, science, History and documentation,
Recently published the news of rewriting the history of Kutch. Glad to hear
about the rewriting the history of Kutch. But before we proceed for it, do we
have finished working for the all research work to rewrite the history of Kutch?
Most of our ancient history is partial and partially lost or stolen by the
invaders. E.g. damaged by mogul invasions, and by westerners. Even VALMIK
Ramayana, though story is complete But have only 600+ original Sanskrit shloks
out of 24600. all are not seen in any RAMAYANa.
Many of monuments are lost (KORA SUN TEMPLE near Dolatpar) and damaged Kotay,
Kanthkot, Ramkund (with destruction of RAMKUNG a Rahimkund was made nearby) etc.
Even Mahatma Gandhijis personal belongings were made auction. So How much is
left intact with us?
But do we have all these records for reference? Not at all. As taken away by the
rulers at that time before independence. We do not have Following Typed BOOKS
records but some university of USA and London do have and need to be referred
before any write-ups.
Even ancient Language SANSKRIT is slowly disappearing, though new attempts to
keep it alive is in force. But even meaning name of BHUJ. Some just say few
meaning of ARM but is that all? One need to refer a full SANSKRI dictionary from
OXFORD University By Monier Williams. (even our Sanskrit dictionary is from
outsider). Saying to take over care for it and rule it means BHUJ. In other word
a LOOKAFTERed
RAMKUND of BHUJ was existing well before BHUJ re-established in 1605VS/1548AD.
Underground steps outside present RAMKUND is proof hidden in the ground need
to just make a small research trench by side of RAMKUND without damaging
anything.
Even BHUJ STHAPANA DAY is in dispute as SUD/VAD (Said as SUD but Horoscope shows
Moon in place of VAD) of MAGASAR 1605 VS. Where day is not specified but in
poems of DULERAI Karani is says SUKAR- SUKRA FRIDAY. And NAJAR as RAVI
SUNDAY Magsar VAD 1602 VS.
We are well equipped with library with Geology, archaeology, Sanskrit, history,
all science, Maths Engineering and Technology libraries. With Picture database
and audio video collections and hard work of Kutch records of most places
photographed and video recorded in last decade.
LUCKY to have copies in our reference library of History section of KUTCH
SCIENCE FOUNDATION.
1) Sketch of the history of Kutch by James Barnes 1819.
2) Historical description of Hindustan and Kutch by JOHN MURRAY 1820
3) The Documents of agreements of the of Kutch (history) during and before
British
4) CIVIL SERVISES under the Bombay government under British 1878
5) Personal observations of Kutch and Sindh by Mainer Williams 1843
6) History of Hindustan By Wilson wild 1808 (translated from original Persian
source)
7) Rise and Fall in Kutch Bhayats original from Mc Leod
8)Ancestry records of Kings in Kutch and Saurashtra. And ARYA KINGS by DAYANAND
SARASWATI.
9) Tax revenue records from state of Kutch and its villages.
10) Ancestry records of tribes of Kutch,
Though Kingdom ancestry is well maintained but Very few records are available
for tribes and people of Kutch. Gadhavis were well record keepers of ancestry
of the people of Kutch. And so its possible and we do have many of 360 years
record and some beyond 7 century. But many are unaware who kept records of
GADHAVIs and Charans itself? But is well kept and intact since last
4centuries. And SOME of Unread/ unseen hand written treasures of Charan Poems.
We kept proofs of Photographic and video. But need to care to preserve those
untold poems of 4centuries ago.
Many just believe history of Kutch is just what it has been written in our books
of History. But thats the only our belief. What we are reading the history of
books is the only our recent past ONLY.
Thanks to KAVI DULERAY KARANI that he kept his history in his poems and is
preserved as such. And recently RAMSHINHJI created the Bhartiya Sanskriti Darsan
to view part of it.
But we also have archaeological and Vedic history of Kutch as well. And that is
also to be added in our history of Kutch. And as we are aware of DHOLAVIRA,
KURAN AND KANMER, that will be a part of it. But is that all? We have listing of
178 places with Longitude latitude and photographic and video recorded.
Also we have Geological History of KUTCH. How can we ignore that scientific fact
of our Geological History of KUTCH?
Why this is happening? Because we lack the actual research, documenting and
publishing. Most are just doing short cut to get some thing out of it but never
do any thing for that by self. Many come forward and approached to write about
cradle of the Civilisation of Kutch and indo SARASWATI civilisation of India and
over THE WORLD. And few to make documentaries on that but just to make some
wealth and not to work on it.
1) Most of work is in the form of the TABLE WORK/PAPER WORK - Historians write
many books eg Indus civilisations, Ideology etc. but not necessarily they do
visit those places, they write about. its just learning and writing a history by
the Historians.
ACTUAL HITORIAN RESERCHER SHOLD VISIT EACH LOCATION THEY WISH TO WRITE ABOUT IT
SO HISTORIAN CAN ADD SOME THING OF OWN.
2) DOCUMENTING AND PUBLISHING: - MOST OF THE DOCUMENTRY PUBLISHERS DO VISIT THE
PLACE AND DOCUMENT THE PRESENT VIEW OF THE PLACE AND BUT AVOIDING THE
PLAGIARISM,
Plagiarism is the unauthorized use or close imitation of the language and
thoughts of another author and the representation of them as one's own original
work.
3) ARCHEOLOGICAL WORK: ARCHEOLOGIST WORK AND PUT LIGHT ON THE FINDINGS BUT THAT
MAY BE LIKE - DHOLAVIARA WAS ACTUALY FOUND OUT BY THE LOCAL GADHVI AND the
ARCHEOLOGIST WERE UNAWARE OF THE FACT AND LATER STRATED TO DIG THE SITE. BUT
ACTAUAL NO FINDING RESEARCH WORK OF THE ARCHEOLOGIST BUT THANKS TO THE LOCAL
GADHAVI WHO STUDIED HISTORY OF INDUS UP TO SIX STANDERD.
4) ACTUAL SCIENTIFIC AND ARCHEOLOGICAL RESERCH WORK OF THE PLACES UNKNOWN TO US.
(SEE THE LIST BELOW) for GUJARAT (HARAPPAN PERIOD) DISTRICT: KUTCH (FULL LISTING
MAY BE AVAILABLE ON EMAIL REQUEST)
Chitrol 23.24N - 70.40E
Desalpur 23.29N - 69.10E
Dholvira (Kotadi) 23.58N - 70.12E
Gadhwaliwadi 23.30N - 69.03E
Gunthai 23.28N - 69.09E
Jatavadar 23.45N - 70.40E
Kanthkot 23.29N - 70.29E
Kerasi 23.40N - 70.44E
Khakhra Dera 23.34N - 70.29E
Khari-Ka-Khanda 23.27N - 70.19E
Khedoi 23.03N - 69.57E
Kotada Bhadli 1 23.22N - 69.26E
Kotada Bhadli 2 23.22N - 69.26E
Kotada 23.17N - 70.06E
Kotadi 23.58N - 70.12E
Kotara-Juni-Karan 24.00N - 69.45E
Lakhapar 23.33N - 70.28E
Lakhpat 23.50N - 68.47E
Morvo 23.50N - 70.42E
Narapa 23.34N - 69.05E
Nenu-Ni-Dhar 23.51N - 69.44E
Pirwada 23.20N - 70.00E
Pabunath 23.38N - 70.31E
Rampara (Vekera No Timbo) 23.30N - 70.45E
Ramvav 23.32N - 70.28E
Samaghoga 22.55N - 69.40E
Selari 22.42N - 70.37E
Surkotada 23.37N - 70.50E
Todio 23.05N - 69.55E
Vada 23.34N - 69.03E
PLACE NAMED WITH RAI ARE OLD LAKES ARE CIVILISATION PLACES
MOCHIRAI OF SUKHPAR - 40 HARAPPAN GRAVES ARE FOUND IN BAJARIYUN GAAM AREA
SADHURAI OF GODPAR, JAMORAI BETWEEN GODPAR & MANUKUVA, VICHANDRAI OF MANUKUVA
AND MAGJIRAI OF MADHAPAR.
SAR - MEANS SAROVAR ARE OLD CIVILISATION PLACES IN KUTCH.
BALASAR VAGAD NEAR GADHADA RASAJI
BHARASAR - HARAPPAN DAM AREA,
VADASAR - TARO -TALAV AREA OF THE VILLAGE
SUMARASAR - NENUNI DHAR CIVILISATION
DEVISAR - HAS MORE THAN ONE AREA OF
CIVILISATION AREA DEVISAR AND JATAWADA
BHADRESAR - BHADRESWAR
KHIRASARA , DAHISARA , MODSAR, BALASAR Anandsar Vasdasar, Bharasar, Sumarasar
(Nenu ni Dhar civilisation ),
MORO - MORA MEANS TAKARO - TIMBO
SARLI TIMBO - JIWA TIMBO ARE
VEKARA TIMBO OF VAGAD
VEKRA RAMPAR OF BHUJ
MOMAY MORA etc
GADH AND GADHADA OF KUTCH
GADHADA OF KHADIR NEAR RATANPAR
GADHADA RASOJI NEAR BALASAR IN VAGAD
GADHSHISHA
DEVPARGADH
RAPAR GADH
GADHWARI WADI - MEGHPAR IN BHUJ
GADHWARIWADI - KHIRSARA NETRA NAKHATRANA
PANDYANO GADH etc
GADHADA OF BHAVNAGAR ON RIVER BANKS OF GHELO RIVER.
KOT - KOTADA - KOTDI OF KUTCH
KANTH KOT
KOTADA CHAKAR REHA - UGAMANA AND ATHAMANA KOTADA - GADHADO AREA HAS GADH IN
GROUNDS
KOTADA BHADLI THARAVADA IN NAKHTRANA
Kotada (Roha) has OLD KOTDA near village Kotada and Khirasara
KOTADA THARAVADA IN ANJAR
KOTADA IN ZURA
KOTADA JADODAR
KOTADA - KOTADI OF DHOLAVIRA
KOTAY - KOTESHWAR
KATESHWAR - LAKHAPAT
KOTESHWAR - NARAYAN SAROVAR
ALSO KOTADA CHANDRANI
If above picture is not seen here file SIYOT WAAV Concrete Layered6July07.JPG
is attached for you with this email
We have very rich archaeological history and monuments. but now may be we will
be loosing one by one if not cared for its existence. Recently our visits to the
oldest VAAVs we seen most are at the stage of loosing their reality.
MOD KUVA of KANTH KOT is one of the Oldest well but many have not seen as
difficult approach but is wonderful with carvings but in poor conditions.
BHADRESHWAR Vaav is no longer approachable as is filled with wild vegetations
and in such a dangerous stage to collapse that one should not try to force
entry. though we made some good snaps of those.
http://www.wikimapia.org/#lat=22.913923&lon=69.905789&z=18&l=0&m=a&v=2&show=/323\
8653/Bhadreshwar-OLD-VAAV&search=bhadreshwarhttp://maps.google.com/maps?q=http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/download.php?Number=899\
524&t=k&om=1http://www.wikimapia.org/#lat=22.9242472&lon=69.8697853&z=13&l=0&m=a&v=2&show=/3\
238653/Bhadreshwar-OLD-VAAV
Chobari vaav is to be believed was built by PANDAVAS while establishing village
CHOBARI During Guptavaas. Pandava established the village with Shiva temple and
CHAU BARI VAAV, GEDI village as said in MAHABHARATA is close by.
PADIYAS of KUTCH need special attention as many are in remote areas eg Kotada
near ROHA, Vekara, etc. ALL TALUKA and villages should keep records of all
padiyas of each village of TALUKAS od KUTCH.
Recent development in CHOBARI has damaged most of ancient views and covered with
CEMENTING layers and Padiyas are still intact but need to keep intact.
Bhanjano DUNDAR - HILLS is believed to be home of HEDAMBA where BHIMA married to
her during the GUPTA VAAS period and also a place called BHIM GUDA a place where
Bhima Swigged the hedamba. We have full Picture library and Video footage of all
places.
Now this Place of Chobari VAAV is plastered with cement and original look of
before 5000 years is no longer visible to us. Original view of that CHOBARI VAAV
of 50 years back (CHOBARI OLD VAAV.JPG) is attaché to this email.
http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/showflat.php?Number=848489http://www.wikimapia.org/#lat=23.51158&lon=70.336791&z=13&l=0&m=a&v=2&show=/8002\
025/Village-Chobari-Chaubari-Kabir-Nagar-Area&search=chobarihttp://www.wikimapia.org/#lat=23.5814515&lon=70.3421974&z=13&l=0&m=a&v=2&show=/7\
997532/Chobari-Village&search=chobari
Presently this Place of KATESHWAR VAAV is overlayed by CONCRETE cement layer
for repair, It could be repaired with old technique of Calcium CHOKA (CHOONA)
BUT original look is loosing its ORIGINALITY.
Original view of that KATESHWAR VAAV (KATESHWAR VAAV.jpg) is attaché to this
email also LASt view of KateshwarVaav.jpg as it was repaired with Cement
concrete on 6July2007.
Ancient Kateshwar vaav @ kateshwar in hills of ZARA
http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/showflat.php?Number=644939
Kateshwar OLD Vaav New Image Overlay
http://maps.google.com/maps?q=http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/download.php?Number=841\
289&t=k&om=1http://www.wikimapia.org/#lat=23.773792&lon=68.877542&z=18&l=0&m=a&v=2&show=/323\
5613/Old-Vaav&search=kateshwar
Bhadreshwar OLD VAAV.jpg KateshwarVaav.jpg CHOBARI
OLD VAAV.JPG
By Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:'Kutch Science Foundation'.
Founder :'Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch'.
Life Member:'kutch Itihaas Parishad'.
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia/http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience/http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh/http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj/
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science Group of
India.
_________________________________________________________________
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Dear friends of VEDIC, Maths STUDIES, SCIENCE, ASTRONOMY, HISTORY and GEOLOGICAL
science,
When we write about meaning astronomy aspects of the PURANas. We always looks
all aspects of astronomy, mathematical and scientific aspects and we can not
neglect any part of it.
Many Vedic studies have revealed about Vedic timings and explained in details
that all explanations are minutely described in Vedas and Puranas. And all that
are perfect and still we never been perfectly understood. But I never come
across the any angles of any planetary aspects are given in any purans or Vedas.
Eg Krishna Janma is explained that Moon was rising on the horizon with Lagnam
rising in the EAST explains that clearly but never said of angle of the Moon in
the That RASHI. So present day JANMASTHAMI is celebrated as IST- VARANASI time
82.5 E. BUT thats never been correct as KRISHNA JAMNMA WAS at the MID NIGHT of
MATHURA wish is 18 minutes later than the present Varanasi Midnight Times.
SIMILARLY RAMA JANMA and all four brothers JANMA horoscope is well explained in
VALMIC RAMAYAN but BHARAT, SHTRUGNA AND LAXMANs birth charts always decoded with
mistakes as EKADSHI and actually it was next day of RAMNAVMI. So naturally it
has to be DASHMi and not EKADASHI, unless it has been explained as lapse of
DASHMi which not said so in RAMAYAN.
SIMILARLY when we say about minute correct ness of ved and Purans we can not
contradict the VED PURANS statements of timings of YUGAs and MAHAYUGAs. And If
we do so we should realise our mistakes and not the MUNI VEDam VYAS.
A) Here some examples are explained of origin of Life on the Earth by Purans and
by science and geological proofs.
Acoording to Vedic calculations
SHRUSTI START (ARAMBHA) TIME
1.71E+07
17064000
TIL PRESENT SATYAUGA
1.95E+09
1953720000
PASSED TRETAUGA
1296000
1296000
PASSED DWAPARUGA
864000
864000
PRESENT KALIUGA PASSED YEARS 5100
5100
5100
TOTALYEARS of origin Of LIFE is about 2bn years
1.97E+09
1972949100
SIMILARLY science do agree with this timings as well TOTALYEARS of origin Of
LIFE is about 2bn years.
Geological proofs are available from STROMATOLITE GEOLOGICAL studies from Perth
ASTRALLIA and KUTCH.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stromatolite Though geologist all over the world do
visit to research in Kutch but Geological study has not been given such a
priority in KUTCH. Kutch do have fossilised strombolites in Gangeshwar dome
area. when it was under shallow sea water it has LIVING fossils at that time but
later with the uplift of the area from the sea bed. those fossils are plenty on
the Gangeshwar hill area.
Though Australians and Americans geologist has dome more to study similar
fossils in PERTH of AUSTRALIA. none of geologist has given the time to the
strombolites fossils of Gangeshwar dome of KUTCH. Similarly Bay of Kutch is
full of mysteries. Diving in bay of kutch reveals a beautiful coral seabed and
planty of Living STROMATOLITES which are original organisms of the time of the
evolution of life on the Earth. picture of the BAY of kutch and Perth Australlia
are attached along with gangeshwar dome strombolites fossils in KUTCH
Similarly When Sun will be destroyed is explained in Purans as remaining 2.64 Bn
years with distruction of the Life on the Earth. But many just says as science
says the SUN life is left for 4-5 Bn years more so dont worry!
But after 2.64 Bn years Colliding Galaxies of Andromeda (DEVIYANI) and our
Galaxy MILKYWAY (MANDAKINI) will destroy all life forms and will create billions
of degree temperature just to evaporate very life form from the both of galaxies
and new creation will start (after another 4.32 bn years according to Vedas) and
life will evolve there after. But many statement of comments come from those
who do not understand these as sun will survive and will not affect the life on
the Earth (even though bn degree temperature will evaporate everything!!!!)
Comparing Difference of understanding life cycle of sun and life on the Earth by
Scientific and Vedic aspects.
OUR SUN'S LIFE = 1 KALP DAY (4320000000 YEARS) + 1 KALP NIGHT (4320000000 YEARS)
=8640000000 years =8.64 bn years.
When Milky Way and Andromeda Collide, Earth Could Find Itself Far ...
Andromeda is currently 2.3 million light-years from our galaxy. ... Based on
this assumption, Andromeda would first graze the Milky Way two billion years
from now, ... NASA's
When Galaxies Collide, our Solar System Will Go for a Ride
http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/news/2007/pr200714.html
More papaers fromHARVARD UNIVERSITY
http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/~tcox/localgroup/lg.pdfhttp://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=when-milky-way-and-andromeda-collide-earth-c\
ould-find-itself-far-from-home
A Simulation of the Milky Way/Andromeda Collision
It is fun and instructive to see how the collision of the Milky Way with
Andromeda might play itself out. Here is the sequence of images from a numerical
simulation of the collision computed using Blue Horizon a 1152 processor IBM SP3
at the San Diego Supercomputing Centre. Each spiral galaxy is represented by
about 40M stars and is surrounded by a 10M particle dark matter halo for a total
of more than 100M particles for the galaxy pair.
These simulations reveal a tremendous amount of detail in the destruction and
unravelling of the galaxies as they collide and merge to form an elliptical
galaxy. The Milky Way is shown face-on and moves from the bottom up to the left
of Andromeda and the to the upper right. Andromeda is tilted from this
perspective. The images are 1 million light years across. After the initial
collision, a open spiral pattern is excited in the both the Milky Way and
Andromeda and long tidal tails and a connecting bridge of stars form are
apparent. The galaxies move apart and then fall back together for a second
collision and then after a few convulsions which throw off more stars in complex
ripple patterns they settle into something looking like an elliptical galaxy.
UNDERSTANDING timings of planetary cycles and its mixing with tepeatations of
astrological aspects.
1) Planetary timings and its use in astronomy and Horoscope numerics.
Rahu and Ketu timings 18 years = 2x3x3 means in 180 years Rahu Ketu has 10
Cycles.
Sani - Saturn has timing 30 years= 2x3x5 means in 180 years SATURN has 6
Cycles.
Guru - Jupiter has timing 12 years= 2x3x2x means in 180 years SATURN has 15
Cycles
Mangal - MARS has timing of 1.88years means in 180 years SATURN has 96 Cycles
Sukra - Venus has timing of 224 days means in 180 years VENUS has 293 Cycles
Calculating the L SA = Smallest Common Multiple of those numbers 2x2x3 x3 x5
=180 years.
Means at this interval all those planets are in same position as before 180
years.
So Horoscope do not see the difference of those of horoscopes of 180 years
apart and human do not survive beyond this time. Though data are available up to
100 years of PANCHANGs but not recorded before 180 years ago. But oldest
observatory does have those records recorded at that time eg. JAIPUR
Observatory.
We mostly rely on NASA figures. NASA did not have that before so they just put
calculated figures and not the real DATA fact sheet. Those figures are just
calculated later. Not only that program have some errors and not put correctly
with changing mean AU and changing Mean Moon distances. Not only that but if we
have records of 150 years ago say from the Jaipur observatorys observation
record the difference will tell the facts that there are errors on these
programmes.
We do have some letters dated from Shyamji Krishna vermas and letters showing
dates as Kartik SUD Purnima fall on 11th October (Tulshi Vivah) means DIWALI was
early in LATE SEPTEMBER which it never comes now. So comparing calendars needs
recorded proofs as well and not just producing the calculating figures.
2) Now according to PURANas let us check those with this astronomical data
MahaYUGA is said timing of 4 320000 years means it has 24000 cycles of 180 years
KALIYUGA is said timing of 4 32000 years means it has 2400 cycles of 180 years
A) Present Time of Kaliyuga has passed 5116 years means at least 28 cycles of
180 years has passed.
B) DWAPARYUGA is said timing of 8 64000 years means it has 4800 cycles of 180
years
C) Rama Rajya said to be of 10 000 years before DWAPARYUGA means at least 55
cycle of 180 years has passed during RAM RAJYA.
RAMA timings can be calculated as A) + B) + C) = DWAPARYUGA is said timing of 8
64000 years + Kaliyuga has passed 5116 + 10 000 Rama. = 8 79116 years is about
4883 cycles of 180 years (4800 cycles + 55 cycle + 28 cycles)
So we see those planetary events before 879116 years as it has happened some
where in series of 180X time line. eg 180 x 40 = 7200 years ago. But that is not
the fact but the cyclic series phenomenon of time.
3) ALSO an astronomical observations SUN and MOON during near time of Equinox
and RAMNAVMI. Are as follows
A) MOON: Moon near Earth 20 March 2007 and as higher gravitation and Kepler's
Laws Object has higher speed when close to centre MOON has moved 15.1 degree
in 24 hours.
B) And when Moon was FARTHEST from the Earth on 3 APRIL 2007 LOWER
gravitation and Kepler's Laws Object has SLOWER speed when further away from the
centre MOON has moved 12 degree in 24 hours
AVERAGE speed of the MOON remains about 13 Degree and when the moon remains at
MEAN distance from the Earth in the middle timings of A (20 March 2007) and B
(3 APRIL 2007).
ALSO MOON Month is about 28 and a half day but as LUNAR distance is variable the
duration of the LUNAR month is also variable. In past time LUNAR month was 30
days as said in PURANs. So can you calculate the LUNAR distance for the 30 days
Lunar MONTH ! also when it was possible and when again as moon is slowly going
away from the Earth.
C) EARTH near SUN on 4 Jan 2007 and as higher gravitation and Kepler's Laws
EARTH has higher speed when close to SUN and so Earth moved 1.0111 > 1 degree
in 24 hours.
D) And when EARTH was FARTHEST from the SUN on 8 JULY 2007 LOWER gravitation
and Kepler's Laws EARTH has SLOWER speed when further away from the SUN EARTH
has moved 0.57 11 < 1 degree in 24 hours.
AVERAGE speed of the EARTH remains about <1 Degree and when the Earth remains at
MEAN AU distance from the SUN at present time in the timings of EQUNOX days.
20/21 MARCH and 22/23 September.
ALSO EARTH YEAR is about 365.25 days but as AU distance is variable the
duration of the EARTHs Year is also variable. In past time EARTHs Year was
360 days as said in PURANs. So can you calculate the AU SUN EARTH distance for
the 360 days EARTHs Year! also when it was possible and when again the EARTH is
closing to the SUN to make Year of 360 days?
Hints What should be MEAN AU distance to make the Earth speed of 1 degree around
the sun? use Caplers calculations. And reduce the AU by some 1% and calculate
and try again to find out accurate AU distance for EARTH year of 360 days.
(Now we just say that 30 day month and 360 day year is incorrect. But tht was
not incorrect but our understand is incorrect. Actually we are not able to
understand to calculate these, BUT if wish we could do that.) And these today's
accurate figures of AU and Moon distance will change again and again. moon is
draging away from earth and so at certain time Moon Month will become 30days
again. similarly AU records in VALMIK RAMAYAN says - during the time of MUNI
ATRI AND MATA ANSUYA time - sun came close to the EARTH - Means AU was SMALLER
than present time and so year wad Smaller than present time year of 365.25 days.
4) also when we compare different calendars before those evolve. We should know
the history of calendar evolved. Gregorian had errors of 10 days which was
corrected 4 centuries ago. But never there after. So present new year 1Jan
falls on 4th day of new year but will not be corrected but may be after 3
centuries when the difference will come to 7 days so DAY will remain the same
with the change. (Full details of government of Indias PANCHANG RESEARCH
committee 250 pages are available in library)
Gregorian calendar http://www.aryasamaj.org/eng_art/do_celebrate_in_time.htm
The Gregorian calendar/Calendars in history is the calendar used throughout the
Christian world. It is also
adopted as the calendar for commercial and administrative purposes in many other
parts of the world where
it runs alongside other calendars used for religious purposes. It is a solar
calendar.
In the Gregorian calendar, years are counted from the birth of Christ which was
determined to be in 1 AD
(Anno Domini; in the year of our Lord) by the 6th-century scholar Dionysius
Exiguus. Unfortunately the
English historian Bede introduced a system of counting years backwards from 1 AD
in which the preceding
year was 1 BC (Before Christ) rather than zero. This is awkward when trying to
compare dates across the
divide. In the 18th century astronomers introduced the year zero so that 1 AD is
+1, 1 BC is 0, 2 BC is -1
and so on. Because the Gregorian calendar is often used in non-Christian
countries it is now commonplace
to replace AD with CE (Common Era) and BC with BCE (Before the Common Era).
Ironically, Jesus of
Nazareth was actually probably born about 4 BCE.
There are two types of year in the Gregorian calendar, common years of 365 civil
days and leap years of 366
days. Every year that is exactly divisible by 4 is a leap year except if it is
exactly divisible by 100. These
century years are leap years only if they are exactly divisible by 400.
Hence the Gregorian calendar is based on a cycle of 400 years, or 146097 days.
Since 146097 is exactly
divisible by 7 the number of days in a week the Gregorian calendar repeats
every 400 years. Dividing
146097 by 400 gives an average of 365.2425 days per calendar year. This is very
close to the length of the
mean tropical year of 365.24219 civil days.
Find out more about the mean tropical year in appendix 5.
The order of the months and number of days in each month are inherited from the
Julian calendar (Table 03)
and the days of the week were originally derived from the Babylonians
*In a common year; February has 29 days in a leap year.
Cultural notes
(i) Easter day, the most important day in the Christian religious calendar which
celebrates the resurrection of
Christ, is a moveable feast which, to a first approximation, falls on the Sunday
after the first full Moon on or
after the vernal equinox. Thus the calendar year has to be synchronized with the
tropical year as measured
by the interval between vernal equinoxes.
Actually, dating Easter is rather more complex than implied above. Firstly, the
church assumes that the
vernal equinox occurs on March 21, which is not always the case. Secondly, the
church uses tables based
on the Metonic cycle to determine the time of the full Moon and this
ecclesiastical full Moon need not
correspond to astronomical full Moon. Moreover the Metonic cycle is not a
perfect match between synodic
months and Gregorian calendar years; 235 synodic months is 6939.688 days rather
than 6939.6075 days
(19 Gregorian calendar years). Hence 19 calendar years slip 0.08 days with
respect to lunar phases.
Ecclesiastical tables incorporate adjustments to prevent this error accumulating
in the long term.
(ii) All the other moveable feasts in the Christian calendar (except Advent and
Epiphany) are determined
with respect to Easter.
(iii) Christmas celebrates the birth of Christ. It is fixed on December 25, a
date borrowed by the early
Christian church from the Roman festival Natali Invictus Solis(Birth of the
New Sun) in the Julian
calendar. It commemorated the winter solstice but was four day late because of
the incorrect timing of the
vernal equinox in the Julian calendar.
Subject: - Importance of the prime numbers and the survival rules with
rhythmicity of planets and the space and the universe (multiverse)
Every thing is very regular and rhythmic on the Earth and universe Multiverse
in the Space and so the earth and the life on the Earth has survived so long and
will survive so long till the Earth and the Sun will survive in the Space.
Nothing dangerous is happening so quickly (every alternate years or so) on the
Earth eg weather destruction , volcanic , tectonic or Tsunami which can
create such a destruction to destroy the life on the Earth so need not to be
worried of every alternate years and so nothing to bother of years in series of
2, 4, 6, 8, .2N.XN and so on But still is happening very rhythmic and
regularly
Let us take an example say if the weather destruction patterns is destroying
every few years than it may happen in series of 1w, 2w, 3w, . Xw and so on.
Though we need to keep long records of the weather pattern . eg CO2 records,
temperature highs, freezing earth , etc
Similarly earth quake patterns may be in series of multiples f some numbers
according to study and predictions that the earthquake id overdue and can happen
any time in Tibetan plate. But do not know when. The Earth quake in Anjar
happened in 1956 and followed in the region in 2001 with a rhythmicity of
multiples of the 45 years which is again a multiples of 5x9 series . But we do
not have complete record of such in the region but 1819 earthquake was
approximately about 3X45=135 years back (1956-1819=137)
So the series may be in the patterns of like this - 1Eq , 2Eq 3Eq .XEq and so
on .
Similarly Volcanic patterns may be like this pattern 1Vo , 2Vo 3Vo .XVo and
so on .
Similarly Tsunami patterns may be like this pattern 1St , 2St 3St .XSt and so
on
Those mathematical series patterns gives us figures of multiples of the some
digit numbers means NONE of those patterns have the Prime numbers in those
series patterns.
Similar way the Space patterns are also happening very regularly in the series
patterns eg meteor showers, So the series may be in the patterns of like this
- 1Me , 2Me 3Me .XMe and so on.
Asteroid impact is also regular eg destructions of the Dino. In KT period at
about 65 mn years interval and so geological period are also showing this
pattern of the 65mn , 130mn and 195mn years pattern, let us say in the form of
KT period follows in the series of So the series may be in the patterns of like
this - 1KT , 2KT 3KT .XKT and so on and or is due any time ?
So what is the importance of the series of multiplications of the different time
patterns? Series do not have the PRIME NUMBERS but itself can form the series of
its own. So prime numbers time interval is the survival time from any such
natural disastrous and space destruction time patterns. So as to survive the
life on the Earth and the Earth in the Space.
Lets have the look at the planetary aspects of the major planets and influence
believed in astrology but in the form of astronomical data. Jupiter time
interval is 12 years and Rahu Ketu crossing points in space planes of the
planetary orbits. Which is 18 years and patterns of Saturn is 30 years. All have
one common number component of the 6 and we break that is the multiple of two
smallest consecutive prime numbers. eg 2x3=6. but the series formed by the no
6 has none of the prime number in the series.
If any one believes in that respect or not thats not a matter but mathematical
series do say the rhythmical and prime numbers are never encountered in those
series.
There are more strange about the number of six which man believes or not does
not make any difference to the mathematics. And 6 is a special pattern of the
series in planetary aspects and much more and so net prime number is 7 to form
the week 7 days of the week.
Let us study the numbers 6 and so we can take in to consideration of no 6
importance over and above the planetary aspects and days of the week and 2x3=6
multiple of the of two smallest consecutive prime numbers
Many do not consider 6 as a happy number and if we give that number to any one
may be unhappy as with number 13 though is the prime number.
6= 2x3 (six has characteristic of its component 2 as a perfect digit)
Six includes 2 so include all characteristics of divided by two. As in the
series numbers are multiples of 2. and also as the six has component 3 which is
part of digit 9 as well (3x3=9) so as to give the characteristic of max digit 9
and its series. And power of 3s gives that characteristic to six as being thats
component.
Six has 1, 2, 3, as their part 1x2x3=6 and inverse of 1/1 +1/2+1/3+1/6= 2 gives
its characteristic of its component digit 2.
Power of six eg square of 6=36 and onwards , 3=6=9 max digit character because
of its component 3 , 6x6x6 = 216 , 2+1+6=9.
Thus six gives characteristic of both of its component 2 and 3 so in the form of
the mixture of both of its components characteristics as 2s and 3s like as the
ARDH NARISHWAR SHIVE FORM.
Also all the prime numbers follows one pattern related to six that either prime
number +1/or -1 makes them multiple of six as P+_1=N6 eg 7-1=6 , 13-1= 2x6 ,
97-1=16x6, 73-1=6x12, and also 71+1 =6x12. also 1291-1= 6x215 and 1361=1 =227x6.
To avoid the frequency of the destructive events and the planetary aspects of
six and its series and also multiple of next prime number 7 series The Prime
number itself has the advantage of the survival and the regeneration intervals.
Let us see now the statistical part of the chances of the frequency of the
meteor/asteroid impact to the Earth to destroy the life on the Earth.
Most studies has suggests that the chances of the destruction of the life on the
Earth by the impact of the meteor/asteroid is just a 1% in 50 centuries so as a
1% in 5000 years and so approximately 500 000 years life on the Earth will have
drastic impact. But thats a just approximate not accurately.
Now lets have a look to the Mathematical and science part of the Vedics.
Smallest time interval for life destruction is given in the form of KALIYUGA as
a 432000 years which is more accurately figured than rounded figure of 500 000
years.
Now MahaYuga is 10time of KALIYUGA as a 432 000 which is 432 0000 years. And if
we make a mathematical series of such Mahayugas it will be as 1MY, 2 MY 3 MY
NxMY and so on.
Hear 15MY = 15 x 432 0000 =648 00000 =64.8Mn years which is more accurately
close to the KT period series of 65mn approximate years of KT boundary period.
The Geological time interval of such approximate 65mn years of the KT periods
also has the series, pattern of the 65mn , 130mn and 195mn years. this patterns
may form the series of - 1KT , 2KT 3KT .XKT and so on but will avoid the PRIME
numbers to destroy the life totally and will allow the life to regenerate and
survival of the some form of the life on the Earth from all forms of the
disasters on the Earth and from the space as well.
So the regeneration of the life should follow the period of Prime numbers
interval and that has been explained in the mathematical form of MANAVANTAR
WHICH IS IN THE FORM OF SUCH MAHAYUGAS OF 71 Mahayuga = 1MANU Manvantar
period.
Eg as per Vedas life on the earth is expected to last further 2.16 bn years as
an Andromeda galaxy will collide with our milky way to generate billions degree
temperature to make destruction and regenerations of new stars and galaxy
formations. (this period will be NxKT periods of intervals as all manvantar
period finish at this stage and these are multiples of KT period intervals as
stated before).
So the remaining period of 2.16Bn years are divided in 500 mahayugas and thats
divided to 7 manavantar periods of 71 mahayugas. (past period not counted) as a
whole period of 4.32Bn years are divided in 1000 mahayugas and thats divided to
14 manavantar periods of 71 mahayugas.
Here 71 Mahayuga period is Prime number period to avoid all events of 2, 3, 5,
6, 7 and all KT period intervals of 15 Mahaygas as explained before as well as
series of planetary aspects of multiples of six and its series and also that of
7 next prime numbers series.
Trigonometry and Pythagoras: Prime numbers has also rules of Pythagoras
formation and only prime numbers can do that and none of the others.
Eg triangles of the sides with prime number dimension only can form new form of
the rectangular triangle . see following examples and carry on forward to find
new.
4, 5 and 3 (P)
12, 13 and 5 (P)
24, 25 and 7 (P)
60, 61 and 11 (P)
84, 85 and 13 (P)
94, 95 and 17 (P)
X=?, Y=? and 19 (P)
Similarly Coding and decoding in the Deciphering process of the secrete codes
and internet security and hacking security all involves the PRIME Numbers in
bigger and multiple forms. eg
1757051 = 1291 prime number key 1(prime KEY P) and x 1361(prime KEY q) Prime
number key 2 and thats locks the key functions as security in transactions and
security processes
Video demonstration of the experiments of 4 hours in five lecture series of
University of Oxford - academic to explain the mysteries of the world of
numbers- are available from the oxford University departments of maths,
Forwarded by YOURS Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.geocities.com/kutchsciencehttp://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchhhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science Groups of India.
Re: Ancient astronomy
Astronomy in Mahabharata
Indian astronomy is 24000years' old.However due to following
reasons,
it had not been possible to fix dates :
1) Moon is going away from the earth.As per Kepler's Law, lunar
month
is increasing. In the past, synodic month was smaller than present
value.
2)Speed of ascending and descending nodes were also more in the past.
3)Speed of rotation of earth around it's own axis is
decreasing.Therefore
delta T correction is to be done for historical times.
Some western astronomical softwares are incorrect for historical
times
because they have not used correct synodic month in the past. I have
considered these factors in doing calculations and fixed following
Gregarian dates:
Krutyug started on 6th April 13904BC,Kartik Shukla 9,on Vernal
equinox
day at 197 deg.
Tretayug started on 28th December 9102BC,Vaishakh(Jyestha)
Shukla 3 at winter solastice 39 deg.
ShriRam was born at the end of Tretayug on Chaitra Shukla9 ,when
Moon
was in Pushya,Jupiter in Punervasu and five planets had exalted.
5802 BC to 5502 were last three hundred years of Tretayug which are
often refered to as "Sanyug" period in Valmiki Ramayana.
Dwaparyug started on 26th Sept 5502BC,Magh No Moon day,Autumn
Equinox day at 260 deg.
Kaliyug started on 25 Jan 3101BC,Chaitra Shukla 1 at 351 deg.
Mahabharata war started at the beginning of kaliyug on Kartik
Krishna 13,
No Moon day and solar eclipse day.
3101BC to 3001BC were 100 years of "Sandhi" period which is often
refered in Mahabharata by Vyas.
On 23 June 3001BC,Bhadrapada Krishna 13,summer solastice day,at
135deg, next 1000 years of Kaliyug started(which was later extended
to 4,32,000years in 1901BC)
Valmiki and Vyas were good astronomers(Sky watchers) and their
astronomical verses are 100% correct.
For more details: Pl. read my book "Mahabharatatil Khagolshastra" in
Marathi or "Astronomy in Mahabharata" in English.(Rs 90+postage).
This book proves exact dates of Ramayana and Mahabharata by
astronomical calculations .(Those who claim that
Ramayana/Mahabharata happened between
2000BC to 1500BC are incorrect.Those dates which do not fit in
Chaturyuga system are incorrect )
Contact: Prafulla Vaman Mendki B.E.,I.E.S.,D.B.M.,(F)I.E.T.E.
Retired R & D Engineer/Manager/Head of Dept/Certification Manager
House No 616/1, "Kaustubh" Bungalow,Near Mhasoba
Temple,Kalyan(W),Dist :Thane,Maharashtra State,India
Pin:421301
Phone 91-0251-2209476
Email: prafulla_mendki@...
_________________________________________________________________
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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
From: kutchsciencefoundation@...
For the Friends of geography, Archeology, History and Science,
Dear Vasant Dave,
Traditional Ship building business is in MANDVI where ancesters of kharava
family build SHIP VIJADI which capcised in arabian sea long time ago. which
killed few hundreds of travellers at that time. Mr Dilip vaidya, Ex curator of
KUTCH MUSEUM has asked me to search and provide information avilable for
suplimenting his writing. But That's Only a TRADITIONAL ship building and not
the actual Harappan Ship building any way.
Recently decendents of those family rebuilt the model of that capcised ship
VIJADI in MANDVI and news was published. But that nothing to do with Harrapan
ship building. and what you are looking for.
Many Historians say story of Ship wrackages and an anker of Ship on hilly
mountain area of VARAR hills of KUTCh. when there was a water way at that time.
BUT every one just telling the story but no evidences nor a single picture.
Norway museum does hold a clue of 2000 years old viking ship and mummy arrived
from India which was geneticaly proven to be from Indo saraswati region.
http://www.slide.com/r/WWI2aRzS7z-_Cb9hxgHPt6e2AbRLTCs2?view=original
Real harappan type of tradition ship are still existing in river INDUS region
but have to go there to get real facts. our recorded library documentations and
filming shows all those proofs and so send you some snaps from those clips.
15) Archaeological library WITH ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ARCHEOLOGY , Forbidden
archaeology including Civilisation and DHOLAVIRA video library, INCA, MAYA,
EGYPT, INDUS etc.
FROM YOURS Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:'Kutch Science Foundation'.
Founder :'Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch'.
Life Member:'kutch Itihaas Parishad'.
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience/http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh/http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj/
Dear Dr. Bhudia,
Thank you for your e-mail of 23 February, 2009.
I came across one of your posts in Yahoo Groups while searching the Internet on
the subject. I plan to visit Kutch again in August or September, and I shall
contact you then. Do you know of any person in Kutch whom I could meet to
understand better the ship construction of the type that the Harappans did?
With regards,
Vasant Dave
Vadodara, India
vasantdave@...
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From: kutchsciencefoundation@... (SOME DETAILS ARE IN GUJARATI FONTS -
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Dear EDITORIALS, Friends of the Science, History, paleontology and Geology,
āŠ āŠ°āŠĩāŠēāŦāŠēāŦāŠĻāŦ āŠāŠŋāŠ°āŠŋāŠāŠāŠĶāŠ°āŠūāŠāŠŪāŠūāŠ
āŠŪāŠūāŠĻāŠĩāŠāŠĪāŦāŠŠāŠĪāŦāŠĪāŠŋāŠĻāŦ āŠĪāŠŠāŠūāŠļ āŠāŠ°āŠūāŠķāŦ
āŠĩāŦāŠāŦāŠāŠūāŠĻāŠŋāŠāŦāŠĻāŦ āŠāŦāŠŪ āŠĶāŦāŠĩāŠūāŠ°āŠū
āŠāŠ°āŠāŠĻāŠū āŠ°āŠĢāŠŪāŠūāŠ āŠŠāŠĢ āŠļāŠāŠķāŦāŠ§āŠĻāŠāŠūāŠ°āŦāŠŊ
āŠđāŠūāŠĨ āŠ§āŠ°āŠĩāŠūāŠŪāŠūāŠ āŠāŠĩāŠĻāŠūāŠ°āŦāŠ āŠđāŦāŠĩāŠūāŠĻāŦāŠ
āŠāŦāŠŪāŠĻāŠū āŠļāŠāŦāŠŊ āŠ°āŠŋāŠĪāŦāŠ·āŠāŦāŠŪāŠūāŠ°
āŠŠāŦāŠ°āŦāŠđāŠŋāŠĪāŦ āŠāŠĢāŠūāŠĩāŦāŠŊāŦāŠ āŠđāŠĪāŦāŠ.
āŠ āŠŪāŦāŠ°āŠŋāŠāŠĻ āŠāŠĻāŦāŠļāŦāŠāŠŋāŠāŠŊāŦāŠāŠĻāŠū
āŠĩāŦāŠāŦāŠāŠūāŠĻāŠŋāŠ āŠāŠūāŠĪāŦāŠ°āŦ āŠĶāŦāŠĩāŠūāŠ°āŠū
āŠŠāŠđāŠūāŠĄāŦāŠāŠĻāŦāŠ āŠļāŠāŠķāŦāŠ§āŠĻ āŠķāŠ°āŦ,
āŠ°āŠūāŠāŠļāŦāŠĨāŠūāŠĻāŠĻāŠū āŠļāŠŋāŠ°āŦāŠđāŦ āŠ āŠĻāŦ
āŠŽāŠĻāŠūāŠļāŠāŠūāŠāŠ āŠūāŠĻāŠū āŠ āŠŪāŦāŠ°āŠāŠĒāŠĻāŦ āŠŠāŠđāŠūāŠĄāŦāŠ
āŠāŦāŠāŠĶāŦ āŠ āŠĻāŦāŠ āŠ°āŠđāŠļāŦāŠŊāŦ āŠāŠāŦāŠēāŠķāŦ
ISOTOPIC FINGERPRINTS OF MICROBIAL RESPIRATION IN ARAGONITE FROM MODERN
BAHAMIAN and KUTCH STROMATOLITES
More Information of Stromatolites @ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stromatolite
āŠāŦāŠāŠ°āŠūāŠĪ āŠ āŠĻāŦ āŠ°āŠūāŠāŠļāŦāŠĨāŠūāŠĻāŠĻāŦ āŠļāŠ°āŠđāŠĶāŦ
āŠāŠĩāŦāŠēāŠū āŠŽāŠĻāŠūāŠļāŠāŠūāŠāŠ āŠū āŠ āŠĻāŦ āŠļāŠŋāŠ°āŦāŠđāŦ
āŠāŠŋāŠēāŦāŠēāŠūāŠŪāŠūāŠ āŠāŠĩāŦāŠēāŦ āŠ āŠ°āŠĩāŠēāŦāŠēāŦāŠĻāŦ
āŠāŠŋāŠ°āŠŋāŠāŠāŠĶāŠ°āŠūāŠāŠĻāŦ āŠāŠāŦāŠāŠūāŠĻāŦāŠŪāŠūāŠ
āŠŪāŠūāŠĻāŠĩāŠāŠĪāŦāŠŠāŠĪāŦāŠĪāŠŋ āŠĪāŦāŠŪāŠ āŠāŠŊāŦāŠĻāŦ āŠĪāŠŠāŠūāŠļ
āŠāŦāŠĩāŦāŠāŦāŠāŠūāŠĻāŠŋāŠāŦ āŠĶāŦāŠĩāŠūāŠ°āŠū āŠđāŠūāŠĨ
āŠ§āŠ°āŠĩāŠūāŠŪāŠūāŠ āŠāŠĩāŦ āŠāŦ. āŠ āŠĩāŦāŠāŦāŠāŠūāŠĻāŠŋāŠāŦ
āŠĶāŦāŠĩāŠūāŠ°āŠū āŠāŠ°āŠāŠĻāŠū āŠ°āŠĢāŠŪāŠūāŠ āŠŠāŠĢ āŠļāŠāŠķāŦāŠ§āŠĻ
āŠāŠ°āŠĩāŠūāŠŪāŠūāŠ āŠāŠĩāŠķāŦ āŠĪāŦāŠŪ āŠĩāŦāŠāŦāŠāŠūāŠĻāŠŋāŠāŦāŠ
āŠāŠĢāŠūāŠĩāŦāŠŊāŦāŠ āŠđāŠĪāŦāŠ.
āŠāŦāŠāŠ°āŠūāŠĪ āŠ āŠĻāŦ āŠ°āŠūāŠāŠļāŦāŠĨāŠūāŠĻāŠŪāŠūāŠ
āŠļāŠāŠŊāŦāŠāŠĪ āŠ°āŦāŠĪāŦ āŠŠāŠĨāŠ°āŠūāŠŊāŦāŠēāŦ āŠ āŠĻāŦ
āŠđāŠŋāŠŪāŠūāŠēāŠŊ āŠŽāŠūāŠĶ āŠĶāŦāŠķāŠĻāŦ āŠļāŦāŠĨāŦ āŠŪāŦāŠāŦ
āŠāŠĢāŠūāŠĪāŦ āŠ āŠ°āŠĩāŠēāŦāŠēāŦāŠĻāŦ āŠŠāŠđāŠūāŠĄāŦāŠāŠŪāŠūāŠ
āŠ°āŠūāŠāŠļāŦāŠĨāŠūāŠĻāŠĻāŠū āŠļāŠŋāŠ°āŦāŠđāŦ āŠ āŠĻāŦ āŠĪāŦāŠĻāŦ
āŠ āŠĄāŦāŠĻāŦ āŠāŠĩāŦāŠēāŠū āŠŽāŠĻāŠūāŠļāŠāŠūāŠāŠ āŠū
āŠāŠŋāŠēāŦāŠēāŠūāŠĻāŠū āŠ āŠŪāŦāŠ°āŠāŠĒ āŠĪāŠūāŠēāŦāŠāŠūāŠŪāŠūāŠ
āŠĩāŠ°āŦāŠ·āŦāŠāŦāŠĻāŦ āŠāŠŋāŠ°āŠŋāŠāŠāŠĶāŠ°āŠūāŠ āŠāŠĩāŦāŠēāŦ
āŠāŦ. āŠ āŠāŠŋāŠ°āŠŋāŠāŠāŠĶāŠ°āŠūāŠāŠŪāŠūāŠ āŠ āŠĻāŦāŠ
āŠĩāŠŋāŠķāŦāŠ·āŠĪāŠūāŠ āŠđāŦāŠĩāŠūāŠĻāŦ āŠēāŦāŠāŠĩāŠūāŠŊāŠāŠū āŠāŦ.
āŠĪāŦāŠŊāŠūāŠ°āŦ āŠĪāŦāŠĻāŦ āŠāŠŠāŠ° āŠĩāŠŋāŠķāŦāŠĩāŠāŠ°āŠĻāŠū
āŠāŦāŠĩāŦāŠāŦāŠāŠūāŠĻāŠŋāŠāŦāŠĻāŦ āŠŪāŦāŠ āŠŪāŠāŠĄāŠūāŠŊāŦāŠēāŦ
āŠāŦ. āŠĪāŦāŠŊāŠūāŠ°āŦ āŠ āŠ§āŠ°āŠĪāŦāŠĻāŠū āŠāŠ°āŦāŠāŠŪāŠūāŠ
āŠāŦāŠŠāŠūāŠŊāŦāŠēāŠūāŠ āŠ°āŠđāŠļāŦāŠŊāŦ āŠāŠūāŠĢāŠĩāŠū
āŠĩāŦāŠāŦāŠāŠūāŠĻāŠŋāŠāŦāŠĻāŦ āŠāŦāŠŪ āŠ āŠŪāŦāŠ°āŠŋāŠāŠūāŠĨāŦ
āŠāŠĩāŦ āŠŠāŠđāŦāŠāŠāŦ āŠāŦ. āŠāŦ āŠŠāŦāŠ°āŠĨāŠŪ āŠļāŠŋāŠ°āŦāŠđāŦ
āŠ āŠĻāŦ āŠĪāŦāŠŊāŠūāŠ°āŠŽāŠūāŠĶ āŠ āŠŪāŦāŠ°āŠāŠĒ
āŠĩāŠŋāŠļāŦāŠĪāŠūāŠ°āŠĻāŦ āŠŠāŠđāŠūāŠĄāŦāŠ āŠāŦāŠāŠĶāŦ āŠ āŠĻāŦāŠ
āŠ°āŠđāŠļāŦāŠŊāŦ āŠāŠāŦāŠēāŠķāŦ.
āŠ āŠ°āŠĩāŠēāŦāŠēāŦāŠĻāŦ āŠŠāŠ°āŦāŠĩāŠĪāŠŪāŠūāŠģāŠūāŠāŠĻāŠūāŠ
āŠ°āŠđāŠļāŦāŠŊāŠĻāŠūāŠ āŠļāŠāŠķāŦāŠ§āŠĻ āŠŪāŠūāŠāŦ āŠāŠĩāŦāŠēāŦ
āŠĩāŦāŠāŦāŠāŠūāŠĻāŠŋāŠ āŠāŦāŠŪāŠĻāŠū āŠļāŠĶāŠļāŦāŠŊ
āŠ°āŠŋāŠĪāŦāŠķāŠāŦāŠŪāŠūāŠ° āŠŠāŦāŠ°āŦāŠđāŠŋāŠĪāŦ āŠāŠĢāŠūāŠĩāŦāŠŊāŦāŠ
āŠđāŠĪāŦāŠ āŠāŦ, āŠ°āŠūāŠāŠļāŦāŠĨāŠūāŠĻāŠĻāŠū āŠļāŠŋāŠ°āŦāŠđāŦ āŠ āŠĻāŦ
āŠĪāŦāŠĻāŦ āŠĻāŠāŦāŠ āŠāŠĩāŦāŠēāŠū āŠŽāŠĻāŠūāŠļāŠāŠūāŠāŠ āŠū
āŠāŠŋāŠēāŦāŠēāŠūāŠĻāŦ āŠ āŠĩāŠ°āŠĩāŠēāŦāŠēāŦāŠĻāŦ
āŠāŠŋāŠ°āŠŋāŠāŠāŠĶāŠ°āŠūāŠāŠŪāŠūāŠ āŦ§āŦĶāŦĶ āŠāŠ°āŦāŠĄ āŠĩāŠ°āŦāŠ·
āŠŠāŦāŠ°āŠūāŠĢāŦ āŠāŠĪāŠŋāŠđāŠūāŠļ āŠĶāŠŽāŠūāŠŊāŦāŠēāŦ āŠđāŦāŠĩāŠūāŠĻāŦ
āŠāŠķāŠāŠāŠūāŠĻāŦ āŠēāŠ āŠĩāŦāŠāŦāŠāŠūāŠĻāŠŋāŠāŦ āŠĶāŦāŠĩāŠūāŠ°āŠū
āŠāŦāŠĩ āŠāŠĪāŦāŠŠāŠĪāŦāŠĪāŠŋāŠĻāŠūāŠ āŠāŠūāŠ°āŠĢāŦāŠĻāŦ
āŠāŠūāŠĢāŠĩāŠū āŠŪāŠūāŠāŦ āŠĪāŦ āŠļāŠŪāŠŊāŠĻāŠū āŠĩāŠūāŠĪāŠūāŠĩāŠ°āŠĢāŠĻāŦ
āŠāŠūāŠĢāŠāŠūāŠ°āŦ āŠļāŦāŠĨāŦ āŠŪāŠđāŠĪāŦāŠĪāŦāŠĩāŠĻāŦ āŠāŠĄāŦ āŠāŦ,
āŠĪāŦāŠŪāŠ āŠŪāŠūāŠĻāŠĩ āŠāŠĪāŦāŠŠāŠĪāŦāŠĪāŠŋāŠĻāŠūāŠ āŠāŠūāŠ°āŠĢāŦ
āŠĪāŠĨāŠū āŠĪāŦ āŠāŠūāŠģāŠĻāŠū āŠĩāŠūāŠĪāŠūāŠĩāŠ°āŠĢāŠĻāŦ
āŠāŠūāŠĢāŠāŠūāŠ°āŦ āŠŪāŠūāŠāŦ āŠāŠūāŠ°āŠĻāŦāŠāŦ
āŠāŠĻāŦāŠļāŦāŠāŠŋāŠāŠŊāŦāŠ āŠāŠŦ āŠĩāŦāŠķāŠŋāŠāŠāŦāŠāŠĻ āŠĪāŠĨāŠū
āŠāŠūāŠ°āŠĪ āŠļāŠ°āŠāŠūāŠ°āŠĻāŠū āŠļāŠūāŠŊāŠĻāŦāŠļ āŠĪāŦāŠŪāŠ
āŠāŦāŠāŦāŠĻāŦāŠēāŦāŠāŦ āŠĩāŠŋāŠāŠūāŠāŦ āŠ āŠ°āŠĩāŠēāŦāŠēāŦāŠĻāŦ
āŠŠāŠ°āŦāŠĩāŠĪāŠŪāŠūāŠģāŠūāŠĻāŦ āŠķāŦāŠāŠāŠēāŠūāŠāŠĻāŦāŠ
āŠ āŠāŦāŠŊāŠŊāŠĻ āŦ§āŦŪ āŠāŦāŠāŠēāŠū āŠĩāŦāŠāŦāŠāŠūāŠĻāŠŋāŠ
āŠāŠūāŠĪāŦāŠ°āŦāŠĻāŦ āŠāŦāŠŪ āŠļāŠūāŠĨāŦ āŠķāŠ°āŦ āŠāŠ°āŠūāŠŊāŦāŠ
āŠāŦ.
āŠāŦāŠŪāŠūāŠ āŠāŠūāŠļ āŠāŠ°āŦāŠĻāŦ āŠ§āŠ°āŠĪāŦāŠĻāŦ āŠāŠŊāŦ āŠŠāŠ°
āŠĪāŦāŠŪāŠ āŠŪāŠāŠāŠģ āŠāŦāŠ°āŠđ āŠ āŠĻāŦ āŠ āŠ°āŠĩāŠēāŦāŠēāŦāŠĻāŦ
āŠŠāŠđāŠūāŠĄāŦāŠĻāŦāŠ āŠ āŠŪāŦāŠ°āŠŋāŠāŠūāŠŪāŠūāŠ
āŠāŦāŠĩāŦāŠāŦāŠāŠūāŠĻāŠŋāŠ āŠĶāŦāŠĩāŠūāŠ°āŠū āŠŪāŠŋāŠēāŠĻ
āŠāŠ°āŠūāŠĩāŦ āŠĪāŠūāŠ°āŠĢ āŠāŠūāŠĒāŠĩāŠūāŠŪāŠūāŠ āŠāŠĩāŠķāŦ.
āŠĻāŦāŠāŠ§āŠŠāŠūāŠĪāŦāŠ° āŠāŦ āŠāŦ, āŠāŦ āŠ°āŦāŠĪāŦ
āŠāŠĪāŦāŠŪāŠūāŠ āŠŽāŠĶāŠēāŠūāŠĩ āŠāŠĩāŦ āŠāŦ āŠĪāŦ āŠ āŠ°āŦāŠĪāŦ
āŠ§āŠ°āŠĪāŦāŠŪāŠūāŠ āŠŠāŠĢ āŠŽāŠĶāŠēāŠūāŠĩ āŠāŠĩāŦ āŠāŦ āŠ āŠĻāŦ
āŠĪāŦāŠĻāŠūāŠĨāŦ āŠāŠĨāŠē-āŠŠāŠūāŠĨāŠē āŠĨāŠĪāŦ āŠđāŦāŠĩāŠūāŠĻāŦāŠ
āŠāŠđāŦāŠĩāŠūāŠŊ āŠāŦ, āŠŪāŠūāŠāŦ āŠ§āŠ°āŠĪāŦāŠĻāŠū āŠāŠ°āŦāŠāŠŪāŠūāŠ
āŠāŦāŠŠāŠūāŠŊāŦāŠēāŠūāŠ āŠ°āŠđāŠļāŦāŠŊāŠĻāŦ āŠāŠūāŠĢāŠāŠūāŠ°āŦ
āŠŪāŠūāŠāŦ āŠŠāŠđāŠūāŠĄāŦāŠĻāŦāŠ āŠ āŠāŦāŠŊāŠŊāŠĻ āŠāŠ°āŦāŠ°āŦ āŠāŦ.
āŠŽāŠĻāŠūāŠļāŠāŠūāŠāŠ āŠūāŠŪāŠūāŠ āŠĩāŠŋāŠŠāŦāŠē āŠāŠāŠĄāŠūāŠ°
āŠ āŠ°āŠĩāŠēāŦāŠēāŦāŠĻāŦ āŠāŠŋāŠ°āŠŋāŠāŠāŠĶāŠ°āŠūāŠ
āŠŽāŠĻāŠūāŠļāŠāŠūāŠāŠ āŠū āŠāŠŋāŠēāŦāŠēāŠūāŠŪāŠūāŠ āŠāŠĩāŦāŠēāŦ āŠāŦ,
āŠāŦāŠŪāŠūāŠ āŠĶāŠūāŠāŠĪāŠū āŠ āŠĻāŦ āŠ āŠŪāŦāŠ°āŠāŠĒ
āŠĪāŠūāŠēāŦāŠāŠūāŠŪāŠūāŠ āŠĻāŠūāŠĻāŦ-āŠŪāŦāŠāŦ āŠđāŠāŠūāŠ°āŦ
āŠŠāŠđāŠūāŠĄāŦāŠāŠĻāŦ āŠļāŠŪāŦāŠđ āŠāŦ. āŠāŦāŠŪāŠūāŠ āŠ āŠĻāŦāŠ
āŠŠāŦāŠ°āŠāŠūāŠ°āŠĻāŦ āŠĩāŠŋāŠŠāŦāŠē āŠāŠāŠĄāŠūāŠ°
āŠ§āŠ°āŠŽāŠūāŠŊāŦāŠēāŦ āŠāŦ.
āŠāŠ°āŠāŠĻāŠū āŠ°āŠĢāŠĻāŦāŠ āŠŠāŠĢ āŠļāŠāŠķāŦāŠ§āŠĻ...
āŠŪāŠūāŠĻāŠĩ āŠāŠĪāŦāŠŠāŠĪāŦāŠĪāŠŋāŠĻāŦ āŠĪāŠŠāŠūāŠļ āŠŪāŠūāŠāŦ
āŠŪāŠūāŠĪāŦāŠ° āŠŠāŠđāŠūāŠĄāŦāŠāŠĻāŦāŠ āŠ āŠāŦāŠŊāŠŊāŠĻ
āŠŠāŦāŠ°āŠĪāŦāŠ āŠĻāŠĨāŦ. āŠ āŠđāŦāŠ āŠ āŠāŦāŠŊāŠŊāŠĻ āŠāŠ°āŦāŠŊāŠū
āŠŽāŠūāŠĶ āŠ āŠĩāŦāŠāŦāŠāŠūāŠĻāŠŋāŠāŦāŠĻāŦ āŠāŦāŠŪ āŠĶāŦāŠĩāŠūāŠ°āŠū
āŠāŠ°āŠāŠĻāŠū āŠ°āŠĢāŠŪāŠūāŠ āŠŠāŠĢ āŠļāŠāŠķāŦāŠ§āŠĻāŠāŠūāŠ°āŦāŠŊ
āŠđāŠūāŠĨ āŠ§āŠ°āŠĩāŠūāŠŪāŠūāŠ āŠāŠĩāŠĻāŠūāŠ°āŦāŠ āŠđāŦāŠĩāŠūāŠĻāŦāŠ
āŠāŦāŠŪāŠĻāŠū āŠļāŠāŦāŠŊ āŠ°āŠŋāŠĪāŦāŠ·āŠāŦāŠŪāŠūāŠ°
āŠŠāŦāŠ°āŦāŠđāŠŋāŠĪāŦ āŠāŠĢāŠūāŠĩāŦāŠŊāŦāŠ āŠđāŠĪāŦāŠ.
Though geologist all over the world do visit to research in Kutch but Geological
study has not been given such a priority in KUTCH. Kutch do have fossilised
strombolites in Gangeshwar dome area. when it was under shalow sea water it has
LIVING fossils at that time but later with the uplift of the area from the sea
bed. those fossils are plenty on the gangeshwar hill area.
Though Australians and Americans geologist has dome more to study similar
fossils in PERTH of AUSTRALIA. none of geologist has given the time to the
strombolites foosils of Gangeshwar dome of KUTCH. similarly Bay of Kutch is
full of misteries. Diving in bay of kutch reveals a beutiful coral seabed and
planty of Living STROMATOLITES which are original organisms of the time of the
evolution of life on the Earth. picture of the BAY of kutch and Perth Australlia
are attached along with gangeshwar dome strombolites fossils in KUTCH
Which proves the KUTCH land formation is since the LIFE evolved on the Earth and
well beyond the time we think. and need more study of the fossil records.
documentry film for this subject is vailable for reference study in the
Geological Library of KUTCH SCIENCE FOUNDATION GEOLOGICAl section.
Geology Department, Univ of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616,
sumner@... and ANDRES, Miriam S., Rosenstiel School of Marine
and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami,
FL 33149
In honor of Prof. Ginsburg and the numerous insightful conversations we have had
with him, we present new results on processes causing lithification in modern
Bahamian stromatolites. As Ginsburg has argued for longer than we have been
scientists, understanding how modern stromatolites or âstrombolitesâ form
and lithify is critical to properly interpreting the origins of ancient
stromatolites. Microbial roles in stromatolite lithification can be traced in
carbonates because microbial communities produce carbon isotopic shifts when
they cycle local DIC (dissolved inorganic carbon). Thus, the isotopic
composition of carbonates can record ancient microbial CO2 cycling, providing
insights into the processes of stromatolite growth and microbial influences on
carbonate chemistry. In shallow subtidal modern stromatolites from Highborne
Cay, Bahamas, authigenic aragonite preserves a carbon isotopic record of
heterotrophic microbial influences on DIC; authigenic aragonite is >1 per mil
depleted in 13C relative to aragonite that precipitated in equilibrium with
local seawater. Even though cyanobacteria raise pH during peak photosynthesis,
more aragonite precipitates when and where respiration influences local DIC.
These results are consistent with 1) sulfate reduction promoting carbonate
precipitation and 2) calcium release during decay of exopolymeric substances as
previously reported. Thus, heterotrophs play a more important role than
phototrophs in Bahamian stromatolite lithification on a local scale. However,
organic matter produced by cyanobacteria supports the heterotrophic community.
Thus, the absence of an autotrophic isotopic signature in the rock record cannot
imply the absence of photosynthetic activity.
Heterotrophic signatures may also be difficult to observe in ancient
stromatolites. With continued lithification, the 1-2â° Îī13C shifts will be
diluted by carbonate precipitation during early diagenesis and burial. Thus,
microbial isotopic signatures in shallow subtidal stromatolites are only likely
to be identified in exceptional circumstances. Identifying ancient microbial
signatures will require careful sampling to separate carbonate components with
different isotopic signatures and carbonates that precipitated on the spatial
scales influenced by microbial communities.
If oyu are just waiting to hear for the Hominid Fossils found in the KUTCH, your
wish will be copleted very soon in near future! teams are working to get the
perfect evidence proofs and soon reach to conclusion to clear the confusions.Do
not be surprised if you get a good vews of unexpected HOMINID fossil find in the
KUTCH of GUJARAT INDIA. Though most of the geologist stick to the darwinian
beliefs, But thats not the coplete truth and thats the reality that darwinian
theory is not the coplete science of creation of the GOD.Many of the geologist
are in favour of the New Study Supporting the Idea That Primates and Dinosaurs
Coexisted. and Many geologists do stay away from those Geologist but must not
afraid of these but dare to read their finding facts too. GEOLOGIST opposing
those viws must read the BOOK about the hominid evolution, the canals studied
of many living primates, 'Review of Forbidden Archaeology: The Hidden History of
the Human Race.' Books and Documentry Filming evedenses are avilable for
reference ONLy at out Science library geology sections. MANY GEOLOGISTS did
LAUGH when first news of fossils of GIANTS CROCODILION published very first time
just after the KUTCH EARTHQUAKE in 2001. But Now atleast FOUR crocodillion
fossil specimens are discoverd from Kutch sediments. Though many have not
visited those museum places to see them may be lack of information to them.But
here is details of those 1) in PANDHROW Mine GEOLOGY MUSEUM at PANDROW - KUTCH @
http://wikimapia.org/#lat=23.6896473&lon=68.7201691&z=14&l=0&m=a&v=2&search=Pana\
ndhro2) Bharatioya SANSKRITI DARSHAN Museum of BHUJ - SPECIMAN PICTURES MAP AND
LOACTION @
http://wikimapia.org/#lat=23.241982&lon=69.6648324&z=18&l=0&m=a&v=2&show=/884307\
/Bharatiya-Sankriti-Darsan-Museum3) specimen is under process of retrieving and
the 4) the very first and the BIGGEST OF ALL is been destroyed due to lack to
understand the preserving the precious fossil treasere.Geo ARCHEOLOGICAL
LIBRARY LISTING of KUTCH SCIENCE FOUNDATION DIGITAL LIBRARY
15) 100s of Books of Archaeological library WITH ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ARCHEOLOGY ,
Forbidden archaeology including Civilisation and DHOLAVIRA video library, INCA,
MAYA, EGYPT, INDUS etc.
16) 100s of Books of Geological Science Library including fossils and DINO
fossils complete sets of Photographic libraries INCLUDING Forbidden Geology,
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF GEOLOGY. including video library INCLUDING Forbidden Geology
video.
Many doubts were raised when ETV and Bombay SAMACHAR broadcasted the following
news, with doubt that the PURVA - Aadi MANAV ancestor was not existing at that
time but now the skeleton evidence came out that the ancestor missing link was
there at that time before (about 22 to 5.5 million years ago) between 11 and 16
million years ago.
The partial skeleton of this 13-million-year-old 'missing link' was found by
palaeontologists working at a dig site near Barcelona in Spain.
That time matches with the Rameshwarm bridge and RAMAVATAR and Koteshwar -
RAVANa History (Tretauga), means Formation of MONKEY and Apes army formation by
DEVAs. that will rule out all the doubts raised for the PURVA - Aadi MANAV.
Hominid Foot prints found in older layers may have been formed later in the
geological process but the study of Photomicrographs and infrared photography is
required so that to eliminate that there were no signs of carving or artificial
markings in or around the prints. A study of microscopic count of sand grains is
ralso required so indicating that the material within the prints had been
impacted, and created as the result of a force pressing down on the firmament
while it was soft. These facts show that the prints were made by the natural
result of pressure from the human foot, and in no way could have been duplicated
by carving nor only the pheneonmena of honeycomb appearance as the study of
Photomicrographs and infrared photography can differnciate the compact sand
particles under the pressurepoints which are not in honeycomb pattern
appearance.Many geologists and paleontologists do visit with curiocity of the
specimen and the subject but have no background of study of Photomicrographs and
infrared photography and its geological/paleontological applications so do not
have any clue or chance to study those subjects in that angle of research.
unfortunately lack of resourses and facility for such a research. Phase Two
Fossils: Burroughs Conjecture
The most cogent explanation of anomalous fossil footprints is perhaps offered by
Dr. William Greely Burroughs, of Berea College in Kentucky. Dr. Burroughs
conjecture is that a depression in fossil-bearing rock may, long after the
original fossils have been formed, be filled with a sediment that in its turn
may also become the medium in which the impression of a footprint or the body of
a creature is fossilized. When this second period of fossilization is complete
the newly formed rock may be indistinguishable from the older formation, and the
new fossils may appear to have formed at the same time as those which are much
older. Thus, several fossilization processes may wind up looking like a
footprint made at the same time. This is undoubtebly the case in many instances,
but the theory is lacking in several respects. Firstly, fossilized human
footprints have been found deep within rocks that show no evidence of
discontinuous formation, not just at the junction of sedimentary layers.
Secondly, out of place fossils are often inconsistent not only with the ages of
associated fossils but also with the rock strata and the age conventionally
ascribed to them.
New Study Supports Idea That Primates, Dinosaurs Coexisted !!!!
Sientists have acquired new data supporting the idea that the last ancestor
shared by all living primates walked with the dinosaurs more than 80 million
years ago. The results came from a new technique used to reconstruct the course
of animal evolution.Previously, opposing scientific camps estimated that the
animal that gave rise to the primates lived as recently as 55 million years ago
and as long ago as 90 million years. The newly proposed date is closer to the
older end of the range.
That's significant because the older estimate, which was derived from studies
based on molecular genetics, identifies the earliest primates as contemporaries
of the dinosaurs. The younger date, which was based on fossil records,
represents a period after the dinosaurs had already become extinct. 'Our results
agree broadly with a molecular estimate [and] contradict widely accepted
palaeontological estimates,' Simon TavarÃĐ of the University of Southern
California and his colleagues reported in the journal Nature. Their finding
sprang from a scientific collaboration that straddled the fields of biology and
mathematics and spanned research centers from California to the Swiss Alps.
Working with colleagues from Harvard University, the University of Washington,
Chicago's Field Museum, and institutions in England and Switzerland, TavarÃĐ
used a novel mathematical approach to help answer a major piece of the
evolutionary puzzle. Past Views The search for the first primateâthat is, the
last animal to have been an ancestor of all members of the primate family
treeâhas long intrigued scientists and others interested in humanity's
evolutionary origins. From the oldest known fossil remains of primates,
paleontologists have determined that some ancient members of our evolutionary
family lived and died at least as far back as 55 million years ago. Fossils
alone, however, cannot disclose precisely when members of the last common
ancestral species began to segregate into distinct populations that eventually
gave rise to the modern array of some 200 primate species. That's because the
fossil record is incomplete. Paleontologists can't tell how close any particular
specimen was to the progenitor of the primates. So, to approach the problem from
another angle, scientists in the field of molecular genetics have compared
subtle differences in the DNA of living primates. Geneticists can tell how
recently two species diverged from a common ancestor from information etched in
the organisms' genes: The fewer differences researchers find between two genetic
codes, the more recently the species parted evolutionary company. Using this
method, geneticists have concluded that about 90 million years have elapsed
since all living primates shared their last common ancestor. Based on such
studies, evolutionary biologists such as Pennsylvania State University's Blair
Hedges believe that early primates lived alongside the great reptiles.
'[Primates and other] major groups of mammals evolved for tens of millions of
years before the dinosaurs became extinct,' Hedges said. That mass extinction
occurred about 65 million years ago.
Fleshing out the Fossil Record
To reconcile the genetics-based date with the comparatively young estimates of
paleontologists, TavarÃĐ and his colleagues fashioned an evolutionary tree of
the primates as it's known from fossils.
Not wanting to depend entirely on what paleontologists have turned up, the
researchers then fleshed out the rudimentary tree with educated guesswork. They
used mathematical equations to predict how many species of primates are not
represented in the fossil record, and to predict when and for how long those
species may have lived.
The resulting modelâbased loosely on hard evidence but expanded to take into
account species that lived and died out but remain unknown to scienceâsuggests
that the earliest primate lived about 81.5 million years ago, long before the
age of the oldest fossils uncovered by paleontologists.
'Naturally,' said Hedges, 'I am pleased with this result because it shows
agreement with our molecular-clock studies.'
TavarÃĐ's team suggested that the earliest primates might have been small,
nocturnal creatures that inhabited tropical forests. But, assuming they did
exist that long ago, numerous forms could have evolved prior to the fateful
cataclysm that wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago.
That event, presumably caused by a giant impact from outerspace, didn't wipe out
all primates living at the time, but probably spared relatively few of them,
TavarÃĐ theorized. Those primates that survived would have subsequently evolved
into myriad species.
'Of course, this is all speculation,' TavarÃĐ acknowledged. 'We have not found
any fossils in that bin yet.'
In fact, scientists may never know how these proposed lost kin of ours
lookedâor be certain they existed at allâunless paleontologists someday
recover fossilized remains. FROM YOURS Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of
INDIA.http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/President:'Kutch
Science Foundation'.Founder :'Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj -
Kutch'.Life Member:'kutch Itihaas
Parishad'.http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000/http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia/http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience/http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh/http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj/
_________________________________________________________________
Check out the new and improved services from Windows Live. Learn more!
http://clk.atdmt.com/UKM/go/132630768/direct/01/
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
From: kutchsciencefoundation@... To: annamraju_2000@...;
akghosh_in@...; amitkg1@...: RE: SEE the picture and
just try to read picture what you understand of this pictureDate: Mon, 12 Jan
2009 17:01:52 +0000
Dear Dear Dr. RAJANIKANTH, Dr. RAO and Dr. GHOSH,
Thank you for your reply, We do have many more exposures as well as many video
recordings on this subjects and from MANY areasof KUTCH and worldwide, and wish
when ever you visit KUTCH do contact us in July/AUGUST of 2009 as I will be
expecting more expeditions in remote areas. As I will be THERE to participate
the TOTAL SOLAR ECLIPSE of 22JULY 2009.
Also we are looking for support on paleontology and PaleoBotany as Kutch is
Lacking such specialist in KUTCH. if you wish any sulppliments from out SCIENCE
LIBRARY , Geology library please inform us we have VAST library for many
subjects with documentries.
Now our Millions page Digital DATA libraries in Kutch Science Foundations & many
more to come.
15) Archaeological library WITH ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ARCHEOLOGY , Forbidden
archaeology including Civilisation and DHOLAVIRA video library, INCA, MAYA,
EGYPT, INDUS etc.
16) Geological Science Library including fossils and DINO fossils complete sets
of Photographic libraries INCLUDING Forbidden Geology, ENCYCLOPEDIA OF GEOLOGY.
including video library
17) History, Science Documentary and science Discoveries, GEO DISCOVERIES and
civilisations Digital and digital Video libraries. including video library
18) Reference Library of ancient civilisation and geological science of Kutch
AND ENCYCLOPEDIA OF GEOTECTONICS . including video library
19) Reference Library for Birds and Environment & Nature library of Kutch AND
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIRDS, ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NATURE , ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ANIMAL including
video library
21) Books On Botany and science, and ENCYCLOPEDIA OF Science including video
library
And many more to come
Thanks for the information. It was really a good effort. Keep it up
with best wishes
Dr M R Rao
BSIP
Lucknow
Dear Dr. BHUDIA,
THANKS FOR KEEPING INFORMED LATEST SCIENCE NEWS.
DR. ANNAMRAJU RAJANIKANTH
Scientist Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany 53 University Road, Lucknow-226
007, U.P. INDIA FAX: 0091-522-2740485, 2740098 Phone: (0522)-2740008, Ext. 232,
(Res: 2782857),
Mobile: 9415104211
From: Amit Ghosh & annam raju
To: hpatel63@...
Sent: Friday, January 28, 2005 4:18 AM
Subject: Re: Fossil Presents to Department of GEOLOGY BHUJ
Dear Dr. BHUDIA,
Thank you very much for sending me the e-mail. Anyway, my contribution towards
the micropalaeontolgy of Kachchh will continue in future. Wishing you a very
good luck.
With very best wishes and regards,
Amit K. Ghosh
DR. AMIT KUMAR GHOSH, Scientist Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany 53
University Road, Lucknow-226 007, U.P. INDIA FAX: 0091-522-2740485, 2740098
Phone: (0522)-2740008, Ext. 232, (Res: 2782857),
Mobile: 9415104211 E-mail: akghosh_in@.../amitkg1@... Date:
Sun, 11 Jan 2009 20:59:45 -0800From: annamraju_2000@...: Re: SEE
the picture and just try to read picture what you understand of this pictureTo:
kutchsciencefoundation@... THANKS FOR THE INFORMATION ON FOSSIL WOODS.
MAY I KNOW SOME MORE EXPOSURES LIKE THIS IN KUTCH.
RAJANIKANTHMon, 29/12/08, Dr. Bhudia drbhudia@... wrote: Date: Monday,
29 December, 2008, 6:58 PM
Sub:- Is the news CORRECT that Biggest Ammonite fossil of the world is Found in
KUTCH ! http://www.kutchmitradaily.com/News.aspx?id=25567
If Pictures are not seen in emails both are attched in email as 1) Amomonide
filosirasis in KUTCH.jpg and 2) Ammonite size.JPG
Thu, 29/12/08, Dr Bhudia Kutch Science Foundation From:
kutchsciencefoundation@... Dear EDITORIALS, Friends of the Science,
History, palaeontology and Geology,
Recently KutchMitra Published an exiting news of discovery of biggest ammonite
fossil from KUTCH . But I dont know how all these facts are ignored.
1) fossil age of 1.6 crors of years is totally wrong. As those marine life
existing in Jurassic and Pre Jurassic period, that should have been confirmed
from a reliable palaeontologist /geologist or any of geology library BOOK
RECOERDS. Correct age of such ammonites is between 65 million to 195 millions =
6.5 crors to 19.5 crors of years. And KHATROD range marine fossils are of that
age dating back to 160 millions of years = 16 crors years old.
If Pictures are not seen in emails both are attched in email as 1) Amomonide
filosirasis in KUTCH.jpg and 2) Ammonite size.JPG
2) Also it has been said that the fossil of 50 cm size is biggest of such in the
world. But thats totally a BLUFF as 52 cm size is presently in specimen of
BHARATIYA SANSKRITI DARSHAN Museum of BHUJ . How one can ignore such fact
present in museum at HOME? And actually Ammonites fossils are of biggest size of
about 5 feet size and picture is attaché for the proofs. I think one should
update all such facts and correct findings should reach to public and science
can not be compromised beyond the facts. News media and geologist should
correlate the knowledge of science facts and research.
This specimen of Ammonite of 5 feet size in the Museum are also present
_________________________________________________________________
Imagine a life without walls. See the possibilities
http://clk.atdmt.com/UKM/go/122465943/direct/01/
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Dear Dr Thakkar saheb,
Thanks for querry, I think that message was some time around april2008. and that
old mail may be possible to trace from my emails accounts or science group
message archieves. but I need some help from you. if you are not able to read
email/message from your email account, or can not access URL links from internet
LINKS in EMAIL OR deleted?
If you can give me a DATE of email and copy EMAIL heading with date - please
copy and forward me in reply Email - so it will be easy for me to trace the
email /article from my email accounts/science group message/file archieves.
please stay in touch and send us your comments to support us and the sience
groups working.
Thank you
Mean time I send original report of APRIL 2008 Apr 25, 2008 0:07 | Updated Apr
25, 2008 2:11
Research: Early man near vanished in Africa
For a large part of its history the early human race was split into two separate
species, and was so small that it likely verged on extinction, an Israeli-led
genetic study has shown. The research shows that two separate populations may
have formed in the East and South of Africa, and perhaps dropped to as few as
2,000.
The study also demonstrates that DNA samples from people alive today - and not
only studies of bones, archeological evidence and wall drawings - can be used to
determine how the human race evolved.
The analysis - just published in the American Journal of Human Genetics and led
by Dr. Doron Behar at Rambam Medical Center's laboratory of molecular medicine
in Haifa and Dr. Saharon Rosset of IBM's T.J. Watson Research Center in New York
and Tel Aviv University - is said to be the most extensive survey to date of
African mitochondrial DNA handed down by mothers since the beginning of the
human race.
"The migrations 60,000 years ago that led modern humans on their epic journeys
to populate the world have been the primary focus of anthropological genetic
research, but relatively little is known about the demographic history of our
species over the previous 140,000 years in Africa," Behar said. "The new study
returned the focus to Africa, and in doing so refines our understanding of early
modern Homo sapiens history."
"This study illustrates the extraordinary power of genetics to reveal insights
into some of the key events in our species history. Tiny bands of early humans,
forced apart by harsh environmental conditions, coming back from the brink to
reunite and populate the world. It was truly an epic drama, written in our DNA,"
said Dr. Spencer Wells, a National Geographic explorer-in-residence and director
of the Genographic Project.
For the article called "The Dawn of Human Matrilineal Diversity," the
researchers used blood or cheek epithelial cell samples stored in labs around
the world - that included mitochondrial DNA - from some 600 people who
originated in Africa. The researchers put a special focus on the Himla Soodyall
indigenous people, who number in the thousands to tens of thousands and whose
native language consists of clicks.
Various studies in other disciplines showed these people had many things in
common, including their features and the fact that they were hunter-gatherers
rather than farmers.
The 600 unrelated participants, including 38 Himla Soodyall and people from all
of North Africa - including Chad, Egypt, Guinea-Bissau, Cameroon, Morocco,
Tunisia and even Israeli Jews, Beduin and Druse - gave their informed consent
for taking part in the research.
The researchers' analyses of the extensive genotyped data provided surprising
insights into the early demographic history of human populations before they
moved out of Africa. Research shows that early human populations were small and
isolated both geographically and socially from each other for tens of thousands
of years.
"Our aim was to document if these people descend from the oldest in the human
species. It seems that their ancestors split off from other Africans between
90,000 and 150,000 years ago and were isolated due to topographical and other
reasons," Behar told The Jerusalem Post on Thursday. "Small groups of
hunter-gatherers looked for a good place to live in a difficult environment."
Recent paleoclimatological data suggest that eastern Africa went through a
series of massive droughts between 90,000 and 135,000 years ago. It is possible,
the researchers suggest, that this climatological shift contributed to the
population splits. What is surprising is the length of time the populations were
separate - as much as half of our entire history as a species.
The genetic split in Africa resulted in distinct populations that lived in
isolation for as much as 100,000 years, the scientists say. At the time of the
split - some 150,000 years ago - our species, Homo sapiens, was still confined
to the African continent.
On one side of this divide were the mitochondrial lineages now found
predominantly in East and West Africa, and all maternal lineages found outside
Africa.
On the other side of the divide are lineages predominantly found in the Khoi and
San (Khoisan) hunter-gatherer people of southern Africa.
This could have been caused by arid conditions driving a wedge between humans in
eastern and southern Africa.
It would be the longest period for which modern human populations have been
isolated from one another.
The isolated African groups started to meet up again with each other about
40,000 years ago, during the African Late Stone Age, and then grew in numbers
and moved to an expanding area. Many archeologists believe this era heralded the
beginning of fully modern human behavior, including abstract thought and complex
spoken language.
Other researchers have hypothesized that during the initial isolation, about
70,000 years ago, Homo sapiens was almost wiped out, with the world population
numbering as low as 2,000 people. But they banded together and survived.
The researchers were members of the Genographic Project launched in 2005 by
National Geographic and IBM, with field research supported by the Waitt Family
Foundation and laboratory research supported by Applied Biosystems. The aim was
to use genetics as a tool to address anthropological questions on a global
scale. A consortium of 10 regional scientific teams took DNA samples and
analyzed them in their respective regions.
Mitochondrial DNA, inherited down the maternal line, was used to discover the
age of the famous "mitochondrial Eve" in 1987, said Behar. This work has since
been extended to show unequivocally that the most recent common female ancestor
of everyone alive today was an African woman who lived in the past 200,000
years. Paleontology provides corroborating evidence that our species originated
in Africa approximately 200,000 years ago.
"We see strong evidence of ancient population splitsbeginning as early as
150,000 years ago, probably giving rise to separate populations localized to
eastern and southern Africa," Behar said.
While human populations had been quite small prior to the Late Stone Age, the
expansion after this time led to the occupation of many previously uninhabited
areas, including the world beyond Africa.
"It was only around 40,000 years ago that they became part of a single
pan-African population, reunited after as much as 100,000 years apart."
Rosset said that "the analysis of such a massive dataset presents statistical
and computational challenges as well as great opportunities for discovery of the
events that shaped our history and genetic landscape. For example, we can see
evidence of a population expansion period starting around 70,000 years ago,
perhaps leading to the out-of-Africa dispersal shortly afterward."
Paleontologist Meave Leakey, a Genographic advisory board member, National
Geographic explorer-in-residence and research professor at Stony Brook
University in New York, said: "Who would have thought that as recently as 70,000
years ago, extremes of climate had reduced our population to such small numbers
that we were on the very edge of extinction?"
FORWRDED By Yours : Dr. BHUDIA.- Science Group Of INDIA.
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
President:'Kutch Science Foundation'.
Founder President:'Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch'.
Life Member:'kutch Itihaas Parishad'.
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/gr\
oup/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhujhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/\
group/kachchhDo visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India & kutch science foundation and ALSO JOIN US.
From: drthakkerps@...: kutchsciencefoundation@...: RE:
decrease of no. of homo sepience 70,000 years agoDate: Sat, 10 Jan 2009 08:28:41
+0000
Dear Dr. Bhudia, I am under impression that you sent a mail
regarding decrease in no. of homo sepience 70,000 years ago on earth. I am
not getting the message from the folder.Can you help me in this field? is it
possible for you to send again the message or send the refernce to me?With kind
regards,
P.S. Thakker
_________________________________________________________________
Cut through the jargon: find a PC for your needs.
http://clk.atdmt.com/UKM/go/130777504/direct/01/
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Mystery Lights Over The Midlands 41 mins agoDear Friends of space, astronomy and
Science,
A "spectacular" display of dozens of UFOs has been reported in the skies over
the West Midlands.
Eyewitnesses told Sky News that up to 70 bright circular objects could be seen
near Halesowen.
Stunned residents watched in disbelief, convinced they were viewing an
extra-terrestrial spectacle.Each object was encircled with lights and had lights
in the middle, according to witness Steven Randall who lives in Halesowen with
is wife and three children.He said: "This was incredible and so spectacular. The
lights seem to climb into the sky to the north of us, just before 8pm last
night."A neighbour had shouted for us to come and look. There were so many
objects. From a distance they looked like bubbles rising in a fizzy drink."Then
they came towards us and flew right over the top. Some were so close they were
almost touching and were only a hundred feet or so above us."The objects were
absolutely silent and travelling at probably twice the speed of a normal
aircraft."They were all circular and had 13 to 15 lights around the rim. Each
had lights in the centre which were flashing on and off. They went south at a
terrific speed."Birmingham International airport is to the east of the
sightings, but according to Mr Randall, the flight path comes nowhere near the
houses."Aircraft are not allowed to fly over this area. We regularly see air
traffic in the distance and I can assure you that this was something very
different," he said.Air traffic control at Birmingham International airport had
nothing on their radar to suggest anything out of the ordinary.A Ministry of
Defence spokesman said that independent experts have concluded there are
straightforward explanations behind alleged UFO reports, such as aircraft lights
or natural phenomena.Reports of UFOs were examined by the MoD solely to
establish whether UK airspace may have been compromised by hostile or
unauthorised military activity.If required, sighting reports are examined with
the assistance of the Department's air defence experts. Unless there is evidence
of a potential threat, no further work is undertaken to identify the nature of
each sighting reported.The MoD has no other interest or role regarding UFO
matters and does not consider questions regarding the existence or otherwise of
extraterrestrial life-forms.Eyewitness Steve Randall believes defence officials
will be very interested when they see the video.
FORWRDED By Yours : Dr. BHUDIA.- Science Group Of INDIA.
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
President:'Kutch Science Foundation'.
Founder President:'Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch'.
Life Member:'kutch Itihaas Parishad'.
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindiahttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/gr\
oup/kutchsciencehttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhujhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/\
group/kachchhDo visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India & kutch science foundation and ALSO JOIN US.
_________________________________________________________________
Imagine a life without walls. See the possibilities.
http://clk.atdmt.com/UKM/go/122465943/direct/01/
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
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