Dear all Science and Astronomy friends, Rathnashree and staffs,

I M SO HAPPY WITH your activity @ JANTAR MANTAR Though I criticised some of your
activity. http://groups.yahoo.com/group/VenusTransit/message534 and suggested
other messages, my intention was to drive all to JANTAR MANTAR to do all this
with guidence of many like you.

I WROTE ALL THESE JUST for That : =
(TO SIMLYFY MORE and Easy work, Let One OR BOTH be of the "N" OR "S" be Either
Delhi Jantar Mantar or JAIPUR - JANTAR MANTAR. We are very rich in our Astronomy
engineering - particularly JAIPUR is the Richest in that sense. Jaipur has very
good working observatory (VEDH SHALA) with guiding facility.

According to an expert guide (Hanumant Singh - also expert in astronomical
calculations)- that ancient observatory place can measure 1/6 of the second in
time and that is equal to 0' 2.5" size of the angle of the sky observation
accuracy. And that all works local timing and longitude - latitude of the place.
Only the persons required to work for it.

We should utilize that place with aided observation with Venus transit of 8 June
2004. TEAM A - working with Local observatory guides and Team B working with
OPTICAL aids at the same place to complementary work. That is the best place for
us to utilize the observation at that place and that is relay a Golden
opportunity for Jaipur and users too.

(Delhi and Jaipur observatory – Vedh Shala are constructed such a way that it
can work locally @ that Longitude Latitude and also at a LOCAL time of that
place. So we do not need to find the place location of Longitude-Latitude while
working there nor the local time of that working place (Auto Sun Dial activity)
– nor we need toys like GPS nor sophisticated instruments. Not only that but
many of such astronomical activities – One like coming VENUS TRANSIT on 8 June
2004 also needs to be observed and activity to be worked in same environment
such as Local time and longitude Latitude, so many of planetarium places and
activity are just nothing in comparisons to such VITAL places as others has to
use their toys of GPS and telescopic compass and Leveling like a Theodolites).
So if we use this place on the day 8 June2004 for a Tenus Transit time activity
then instead of So called planetariums – as Venus transit is the phenomenon of
the place of JANTAR MANTAR and not Planeterium activity. – people will realize
the importance of such a place who even Astronomy lovers and planetarium
authority - who forgot that place and its importance.

Astronomy-spherical Smart, William M. Text-Book on Spherical Astronomy   522.7 S
Cambridge: University Press 1931

Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".



[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Dear Science and Astronomy friends, Vidur, Rathnaji, Dr. Anasji, Dr. Raghavan,

Thank you for comments and considerations, I do understand your concerns for
technical errors made in practical experimented by Vidur. Though there was a
technical error by Vidur to measure elongation, as he did not keep in mind to
check the (N=>S) line artificial horizon, and relied on that assumption. it may
be 5-6 degree out of line and makes a lot difference. also he should take
consideration of Latitude and position of SUN - about 2 degree north of equator
at that time. and my point to encourage him was that - My long experience of
study of - Astronomical engineering architecture and Temples of SUN and its
applications, I realised that what he was going to do was Principally correct,
and on that bases of Astronomical engineering architecture - all JANTAR MANTAR
are based and constructed and RAMYANTRA does work on same principal. Though he
should try again correctly again as some ones calculation (~43 degrees) was
incorrect and misleading.

More over for correction by spherical astronomical calculations , he need to do
a lot. Such and important books are now disappeared from the course work of
science - though some of translated old copies by UNIVERSITY GRANTH NIRMAN
BOARDS are available some where but now difficult to get because of copy right
laws. but some do hold photocopies over there. One of such good book is here
below.

       Astronomy-spherical Smart, William M. Text-Book on Spherical Astronomy  
522.7 S   Cambridge: University Press 1931


thank for your reply, I should thank you all to encourage and guide all those
are participating in this field,

Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@y..., kutchscience@h...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/
http://www.gujaratplus.com/mypage/WelCOME_to_the_Board_of_Science_Grou
p_Of_INDIA\_2004.html
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nce_Foundation_".html
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http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
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http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India & kutch science foundation and ALSO JOIN US.
Dear Patelji
You have given very useful information about how little the the
elongation of venus has varied in the past several days. Any quantity
that passes through a maximum or minimum will always chage slowly
close to that maximum or minumum.
Vidurji has made a careful time measurement of the difference between
the setting times of the sun and venus. He has reported for March 27,
a time difference of 3h and 36m and 30s giving an equivalent angle of
~54 degrees. THIS HOW EVER is not the elongation as he had
originally assumed, not even the difference in RA of Venus and sun
(~43 degrees). Yet it was a very accurate measuremnt because he set
up his experiment very carefully! The elongation calculation itself
involved assuming the azimuths today. By tomorrow he will be able to
measure that as wellhopefully.
So by doing this experiment he has really understood nature of
projection effects. Nature works in far more interesting ways than
we initially assume. Vidurji, by reporting it in this forum has made
many more become aware of this which is the essence of a discussion
group.I hope you and your active group will also do this as you may
have clear horizons and report it.Unfortunately I donot have access
to clear horizons.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Dear science and astronomy friends,

Dear VIDUR and other fellows taking measurements, do not rely on comments of
wrong readings, experimental results may give minute errors not the grave
errors. carry on and GOOD LUCK.

http://f6.grp.yahoofs.com/v1/IKJmQH3EcgCRn-mjQES87YE-WUdMGFKWEobLSbAcg2bNzGS_sxi\
Q1f0LlbA8d6uP8SDAWxC0eqsj8zK0M8UBrw/VENUS%20Elongation.doc

Do not be disheartened, Last week venus elongation was 45.8 degree and Week
before that was 45.4 degree. and today nearly 46 degree. so is not so much of
difference as we thought of 3 degrees. and at the extreme end of the maximum
elongation daily change is nearly >0.1 degree. I wish make sure of such a vast
difference may be an error. wish every one make recheck of data. Venus was
nearly 45 since more than 2-3 weeks.

(sun and Venus for your date of observation . It is ~ 43 degrees compared to the
~ 54 dgrees you have measured.This should give you a feel for the method.)




--- In VenusTransit@yahoogroups.com, "ancientastronomer2004"
<ancientastronomer2004@y...> wrote:
> Vidurji
> I have just checked the difference in the Right Ascension( projected
> longitudes in the sky ) of sun and Venus for your date of
> observation . It is ~ 43 degrees compared to the ~ 54 dgrees you have
> measured.This should give you a feel for the method.
>
> AnAs
>
>
> --- In VenusTransit@yahoogroups.com, "vidur_itm" <vidur_itm@y...>
> wrote:
> > No,imagine if you were to be in earth's position & standing on the
> > ecliptic plane & then look at venus, the elevation would be the
> > altitude angle youd' get looking at venus,
> > ....
> >
> >
> > --- In VenusTransit@yahoogroups.com, "ancientastronomer2004"
> > <ancientastronomer2004@y...> wrote:
> > > By elevation of venus above ecliptic plane do you mean the tilt
> of
> > > the orbital plane of venus to the ecliptic plane?
> > > AnAs
> > >
> > > --- In VenusTransit@yahoogroups.com, "vidur_itm" <vidur_itm@y...>
> > > wrote:
> > > >
> > > > However I have one question
> > > >
> > > > Would the difference of azimuth angles of venus-set & sunset
> give
> > > us
> > > > the elevation of venus above the ecliptic plane as seen from
> the
> > > > earth?

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Dear science and astronomy friends,
see the Links :
How could we measure Venus Elongation?
Diagrametic presentation of "How we measure Venus Elongation?"

Link may break up in more than two parts in message delivery system -
copy whole URL link or see the Link of files.

http://f6.grp.yahoofs.com/v1/IKJmQH3EcgCRn-mjQES87YE-
WUdMGFKWEobLSbAcg2bNzGS_sxiQ1f0LlbA8d6uP8SDAWxC0eqsj8zK0M8UBrw/VENUS%
20Elongation.doc

Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/

http://www.gujaratplus.com/mypage/WelCOME_to_the_Board_of_Science_Grou
p_Of_INDIA_2004.html

http://www.gujaratplus.com/mypage/Welcome_to_the_Board_of_"_Kutch_Scie
nce_Foundation_".html
http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.

From: kutchScience
Dear Science and Astronomy friends,

Measuring Venus Elongation - If diagrams and attachement VENUSElongation.doc are
lost - will be Uploaded & links will be forwarded SOON.








As in Diagram 1: to measure upper and lower border timing of the Sun and mean
time for the centre of the sun.



Method 1) take two indexing poles A and B and fix it upright to one of wood
base. now observe the Sun (S) from the observation point (C) so as to come all
observation point C, upper end of A, and upper end of B and LOWER BORDER -
margin of Sun S - all in one line." -> C-> A-> B-> S " First observation -
record that time with a stopwatch facility so as to record 1/10 or 1/100 sec if
you have or in round seconds if you do not have stop watch.



Second observation - now take second reading when observation point C, upper end
of A, and upper end of B and UPPER Border of Sun S - all in one line." -> C->
A-> B-> S " so record the timing by stopping the stop watch when UPPER border
comes to same line position as above.



(Take those time difference of the two recorded readings. - ANY doubt - If you
have any doubt - you can take multiple readings as plenty of chances are there
in a day - also which will help to get you daily average timings to eradicate
all errors. It will take only few minutes).



Venus may be either North or South (depending on your position of the Earth and
the day you choose to experiment. Best chance is 20 March, as Sun is on
Equator).  Else you need for measuring the angle of SUN to correct it.



That is the angles of planes of Venus and Earth’s orbit. You can measure that
angle by moving on the Arc N/S of the circle so as to keep same distance radius
of the arc and keeping one pole in line of Venus and than measure the angle
between two poles to see the plane of inclination. That will be the tilt of
orbital of Venus with the Earth’s orbit.  Best chance is 20 March, as Sun is on
Equator.  Else you need for measuring the angle of SUN to correct it.



Third observation – As Diagram 2: As sun near sets and Venus is clearly visible
measure Venus timing to come at same angle of the Sun, (in about 3 hours time)
calculate the diff of mean time for the centre of the Sun and Venus.



now take reading when observation point C, upper end of A, and upper end of B
and Venus - all in one line." -> C-> A-> B-> V " so record the timing by
stopping the stop watch when UPPER border comes to same line position as above.



Advanced Method 2) : Same readings can be recorded on VIDEO recording and on
theodolite stand, grid screen lines and clock running while recording. so you
can measure all direction and Axis and in one go without waiting Venus to come
in line. just change of angle and measure.  and many video has shutter sped of
10,000 and can be played in slow frame - by frame, you can re run by reply. no
need to take multiple reading in this method. Also this has in built clock
running in the screen 1/100 or 1/1000 of the second can be recorded to most
accurate readings.





Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/
 
http://www.gujaratplus.com/mypage/WelCOME_to_the_Board_of_Science_Group_Of_INDIA\
_2004.html

http://www.gujaratplus.com/mypage/Welcome_to_the_Board_of_"_Kutch_Science_Founda\
tion_".html
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http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj

Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Dear Science and Astronomy friends,

Re: New way to measure elongation @   
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/VenusTransit/message/332

(Dear Vidur and CB your method is well and Good and need some modification as CB
says horizon is a hurdle to Venus. all details are on previous message 332.)

Uploaded Full details @:
http://f1.grp.yahoofs.com/v1/oHv-P7TUM9gTr49r8ql7vHg4zb4C3yP_bsju1DuiYrBsr3d4Opb\
\
1fgxah_Sd8Sg0u94305bEN48kZV2jOQka/AU%20daily.doc

Measuring and Angle between any celestial body can be done by this method. This
is typical surveying method for Ground and space too. here for VENUS elongation
measure angle (in the format of Time difference and) between centre of sun (mean
of upper and lower border of the SUN) and next for VENUS to come in same line.
and work out the angle direct from simple calculation as 4 minutes = 1 degree, 4
sec = 1'. (do not forget mercury measurement can be done at the same day on 29
March 2004 http://groups.yahoo.com/group/astronomyclubindia/message/1804)
Mar 29 - Mercury Greatest Eastern Elongation (19 Degrees)
Mar 29 - Venus Greatest Eastern Elongation (46 Degrees)

also keep in mind  : - http://groups.yahoo.com/group/VenusTransit/message/673.
FIND OUT ----
Sub: Changing Arc size of transit planets (Venus Marcury)

As per I know, Though we consider Venus orbit bit more circular in comparison of
Earth's orbit, Earth Aphelion (Near July planetary transits) gives smaller arc
size of planets Venus and Mercury. And if associated perihelion of Venus and
Mercury gives the smallest arc size of those transit planets.

Visa versa Earth perihelion (Near January planetary transits) gives bigger arc
size of planets Venus and Mercury. And if associated aphelion of Venus and
Mercury gives the biggest arc size of those transit planets.

One of the accurate, daily observations is timing of the sun set and its
applications in Vedic science. (pls Do your OWN calculations).

Method 1) take two indexing poles A and B and fix it upright to one of wood
base. now observe the Sun (S) from the observation point (C) so as to come all
observation point C, upper end of A, and upper end of B and LOWER BORDER -
margin of Sun S - all in one line." -> C-> A-> B-> S " First observation -
record that time with a stopwatch facility so as to record 1/10 or 1/100 sec if
you have or in round seconds if you do not have stop watch. Second observation -
now take second reading when observation point C, upper end of A, and upper end
of B and UPPER Border of Sun S - all in one line." -> C-> A-> B-> S " so record
the timing by stopping the stop watch when UPPER border comes to same line
position as above.

Take those time difference of the two recorded readings. - ANY doubt - If you
have any doubt - you can take multiple readings as plenty of chances are there
in a day - also which will help to get you daily average timings to eradicate
all errors. it will take only few minutes.

Method 2) Same readings can be recorded on VIDEO recording with grid screen
lines and clock running while recording. and many video has shutter sped of
10,000 and can be played in slow frame - by frame and as this is recorded and
you can re run by reply. no need to take multiple reading in this method. also
this ha in built clock running in the screen 1/100 or 1/1000 of the second can
be recorded to most accurate readings

Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/
 
http://www.gujaratplus.com/mypage/WelCOME_to_the_Board_of_Science_Group_Of_INDIA\
_2004.html
http://www.gujaratplus.com/mypage/Welcome_to_the_Board_of_"_Kutch_Science_Founda\
tion_".html
http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science Group of
India.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

From: kutchScience
To: kutchastronomersclub ; kutchsciencefoundation ; scienceclubofindia ;
venustransit2004 ; astronomyclubindia
Sent: Friday, March 26, 2004 9:37 AM
Sub:- Test your Astronomical knowledge - University of Toronto - Faculty of
Science - Final Examination paper

Page 1 of 18 (Full paper is as pdf form - attached for you)

University of Toronto

Faculty of Arts and Science

AST201H1F

Final Examination

Duration: 2 hours

Instructions:

· This exam is 2 hours long. Answer all 50 multiple-choice questions and

choose 5 of the 6 short-answer questions. There are a total of 18 pages.

The test has a total of 100 marks.

· Answer all questions on the exam sheet. Indicate answers to multiplechoice

questions clearly. For short-answer questions, indicate which

questions are to be marked by circling the question number. If all 6

questions are answered, and if the choices are not indicated clearly, then

only the FIRST 5 questions will be marked.



Page 2 of 18

Part A (50%). Answer the following 50 multiple-choice questions. For each

one, circle the one alphabet next to the answer that BEST completes the

statement or answers the question. (1 mark each)

1) In order for a theory to become a law, it must

A. be tested by many experiments.

B. be agreed-upon by many competent scientists.

C. be found in a science book.

D. be stated by renowned scientists.

E. Nonsense! Theories never become laws!

2) Venus has a larger angle at maximum elongation than does Mercury. In the

Copernican model, this fact is used to infer

A. that Venus is closer to the sun than Mercury.

B. that Venus is farther from the sun than Mercury.

C. the orbital period of Venus is shorter than the orbital period of Mercury.

D. the orbital period of Venus.

E. the period of retrograde motion of Venus.

3) Newton’s great synthesis in physical ideas about the cosmos was that he
viewed

A. natural motion as related to forced motion.

B. constant motion requires constant force.

C. the same physical laws in the sky and on the Earth.

D. gravity as an unknown force between masses.

E. the universe as infinite in extent.

4) An interstellar dust grain is very cold, about 100 ºK (-173 ºC). At what
wavelengths

does it emit most of its light?

A. X-ray

B. ultraviolet

C. gamma ray

D. infrared

E. optical

Page 17 of 18

4. Observation of the different components of the Milky Way Galaxy indicates
that the

spiral arms contain very different populations of stars and other material to
those in

the Galactic halo.

(a) State explicitly in what ways are they different? (6 marks)

(b) How are the spatial distributions of objects in the spiral arms and in the
Galactic

halo different? (2 marks)

(c) How are the motions of objects in the spiral arms and in the Galactic halo

different? (2 marks)

Page 18 of 18

5. (a) What are the advantages of a reflecting telescope over a refracting
telescope? (6

marks)

(b) What are the limitations of a Cassegrain reflecting telescope and how are
they

overcome? (4 marks)

6. Explain how (a) rotation curves of spiral galaxies (5 marks) and (b) galaxies
in

clusters (5 marks) reveal the missing mass problem.

(a)

(b)

March 2004 Calendar of Events:
Mar 20 - Vernal Equinox, 06:49 UT - SPRING BEGINS IN THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE,
just after midnight CST
Mar 25 - Moon Occults Mars - See IOTA on ASO "Links" Page
Mar 26 - Venus Occults PPM 92330 (8.3 Magnitude Star) - see IOTA on ASO "Links"
page
Mar 26 - Asteroid 2023 Asaph Closest Approach To Earth (2.675 AU)
Mar 27 - Comet P/2003 S1 (NEAT) Perihelion (2.596 AU)
Mar 27 - Asteroid 2002 GQ Near-Earth Flyby (0.099 AU)
Mar 27 - Asteroid 4342 Freud Closest Approach To Earth (1.923 AU)
Mar 27 - 35th Anniversary (1969), Mariner 7 Launch (USA Mars Flyby)
Mar 27- 3rd Astrobiology Science Conference, Mountain View, California
MARCH 28 - FIRST QUARTER MOON - 5:48pm CST, In GEMINI
Mar 28 - Triple-Shadow Transit of Three Galilean Moons on Jupiter
Mar 29 - Mercury Greatest Eastern Elongation (19 Degrees)
Mar 29 - Venus Greatest Eastern Elongation (46 Degrees)
Mar 29 - Mercury Occults HIP 7621 (9.5 Magnitude Star) - See IOTA on ASO "Links"
Page
Mar 29 - Kuiper Belt Object 38083 Rhadamanthus At Opposition (38.057 AU)
Mar 29 - 30th Anniversary (1974), Mariner 10, 1st Mercury Flyby
Mar 29-Apr 02 - The Royal Astronomical Society National Astronomy Meeting 2004,
Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
Mar 30-Apr 02 - 5th Internatinal Conference on Space Optics (ICSO 2004),
Toulouse, France
Mar 31 - Mars Occults TYC 1276-01294-1 (11.9 Magnitude Star) - see IOTA on ASO
"Links" page
Mar 31-Apr 03 - International Conference: Zdenek Kopal's Binary Star Legacy,
Litomysl, Czech Republic

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

From: kutchScience
Dear Science and Astronomy friends,

Sub:  Changing Arc size of transit planets (Venus Marcury)

As per I know, Though we consider Venus orbit bit more circular in comparison of
Earth's orbit, Earth Aphelion (Near July planetary transits) gives smaller arc
size of planets Venus and Mercury. And if associated perihelion of Venus and
Mercury gives the smallest arc size of those transit planets.

Visa versa Earth perihelion (Near January planetary transits) gives bigger arc
size of planets Venus and Mercury. And if associated aphelion of Venus and
Mercury gives the biggest arc size of those transit planets.

Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/
 
http://www.gujaratplus.com/mypage/WelCOME_to_the_Board_of_Science_Group_Of_INDIA\
_2004.html
http://www.gujaratplus.com/mypage/Welcome_to_the_Board_of_"_Kutch_Science_Founda\
tion_".html
http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
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http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India.

--- In VenusTransit@yahoogroups.com, Rathnasree Nandivada <rathnasree63@y...>
wrote:
> Prof. Srivastava,
>
> The 2004 and 2012 transits are during the June node -
> the pairs on either side of that - the 1874 and 1882
> ones as well as the 22nd century ones - occur at the
> December nodes - and so on.
>
> For Mercury transits - the frequencies for the two
> nodes are different - depending on Mercury being
> closer to perihelion at one of the transits -
>
>
> I am adding something here from older discussions -
>
> About the November and May Mercury Transits and the
> higher frequency
> of the November ones - this is what Fred Espenak says
> in the NASA
> GSFC site devoted to transits -
>
> ---During November transits, Mercury is near
> perihelion and exhibits
> a disk only 10 arc-seconds in diameter. By comparison,
> the planet is
> near aphelion during May transits and appears 12
> arc-seconds across.
> However, the probability of a May transit is smaller
> by a factor of
> almost two. Mercury's slower orbital motion at
> aphelion makes it less
> likely to cross the node during the critical
> period.---
>
> I am not fully comfortable with this logic yet, as it
> seems a little
> contrary to the usual Astrophysical argument that if
> some phase space
> is covered faster by a body - the frequency of
> occurence in that
> phase space would be smaller - but, I am sure, I am
> missing
> something, in my argument.
>
> the above was the discussion a few months ago - I have
> not tried to understnd this better since then, though,
> what with exploring so many other aspects :-(
>
> I suppose the more cirular orbit of Venus encures
> roughly equal frequency of occurence for transits at
> both nodes.
>
> Rathna







[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Dear Science and astronomy friends,

Simulations of All planetary Transit Motion Applet (Mercury and Venus)
@ http://www.venus-transit.de/TransitMotion/

Maximum Venus elongaton is about 71-72 days before and after the transit of
Venus (46.1to 47 Degrees) 29 March, & Maximum Mercury elongaton is about 21-22
days before and after the transit of Mercury (22.6.to 22.7Degrees)

Radius vector: 0.7184519 AU (107 million km)    True distance: 0.7777389 AU (116
million km) 20 march
Radius vector: 0.7184495 AU (107 million km)    True distance: 0.7701074 AU (115
million km) 21 March
Radius vector: 0.7184509 AU (107 million km)    True distance: 0.7624594 AU (114
million km) 22 march

Radius vector: 0.7184653 AU (107 million km)    True distance: 0.7471163 AU (112
million km) 24 March
Radius vector: 0.7184783 AU (107 million km)    True distance: 0.7394227 AU (111
million km) 25 march
Radius vector: 0.7184952 AU (107 million km)    True distance: 0.7317155 AU (109
million km) 26 march

Information about Venus for 29 Mar 2004 16:39:51 - (Julian day number
2453094.19434)
Local Information :- Apparent topocentric coordinates for the epoch of date:

Right ascension: 3h 28m 18.71s
Declination: +22° 9' 27.9"
Constellation: Aries
Altitude:  54° 15' 14"
Azimuth: 217° 51' 47"
Rise: 6h 51m 24s
Transit: 15h 8m 42s
Set: 23h 27m 40s
Star atlas chart numbers:
Herald-Bobroff Astroatlas, Chart C-36
Millennium Star Atlas, Charts 163-164 (Vol I)
Sky Atlas 2000.0, Chart 4
Uranometria 2000 Chart 132, Vol 1

Geocentric Information
Apparent geocentric coordinates for the epoch of date:
Right ascension: 3h 28m 18.920s
Declination: +22° 9' 34.56"
True distance: 0.7091949 AU (106 million km)
Horizontal parallax: 12.40"

Heliocentric Information
Ecliptic coordinates for the epoch of date:
Ecliptic longitude: 144° 11' 11.8"
Ecliptic latitude: +3° 8' 10.1"
Radius vector: 0.7185660 AU (107 million km)

Physical Information
Magnitude: -4.4
Phase: 0.511
Phase angle: 88.8°
Elongation: 46.0°
Diameter: 23.52"
Light time: 0h 5m 53.9s
Position angle of the bright limb: 252.8°
Mass: 4.8690e+024 kg (0.815 x Earth)
Mean equatorial radius: 6051.8 km (0.9488 x Earth)
Maximum angular diameter: 60.2"
Minimum geocentric distance: 0.277 AU
Geometric flattening: 0
Sidereal rotation period: 243d 0h 26m 56s (retrograde)
Mean density: 5.24 g/cm^3
Geometric albedo: 0.65

Events for Monday 29 Mar 2004 (23-18N -68-30E)
01:38 Saturn sets
01:47 Moon sets
05:31 Start of astronomical twilight
05:34 Jupiter sets
05:57 Start of nautical twilight
06:24 Start of civil twilight
06:46 Sun rises
07:37 Mercury rises
09:07 Venus rises
09:52 Mars rises
12:08 Saturn rises
12:27 Moon rises
12:56 Sun transits the meridian (23-18N -68-30E)
14:02 Mercury transits the meridian
15:50 Venus transits the meridian
16:35 Mars transits the meridian
16:56 Jupiter rises
18:51 Saturn transits the meridian
19:06 Sun sets
19:28 End of civil twilight
19:33 Moon transits the meridian
19:55 End of nautical twilight
20:21 End of astronomical twilight
20:28 Mercury sets
22:33 Venus sets
23:13 Jupiter transits the meridian
23:18 Mars sets

Maximum Venus elongaton is about 71-72 days before and after the transit of
Venus (46.1to 47 Degrees) and Maximum Mercury elongaton is about 21-22 days
before and after the transit of Mercury (22.6.to 22.7Degrees)

       The different views of the simulation:

      Looking onto the ecliptic plane:

       The Earth and Venus are moving couterclockwise around the Sun.

       The orbital plane of Venus is inclined (by 3.39°) against the ecliptic
plane. The grey part of Venus' orbit is below the ecliptic plane.

       At the point D (Descending Node) Venus is passing the ecliptic plane from
north to south, and at A (Ascending Node) from south to north.

       This constellation (inferior conjunction and Venus passing a node) is a
transit: Earth, Venus and Sun are in a straight line.

      Looking parallel to the ecliptic plane

       from D to A. Venus is seen within the disc of the sun (transit).

       The actual inclination angle of Venus' orbital plane is only 3.39°, and
7.00° for Mercury.
       Orbit eccentricity for:
       Earth 0.0167
       Venus 0.0067
       Mercury 0.2056

      Geocentric view

       looking to the Sun from the moving Earth.

       At inferior conjunction and passing a node Venus is seen within the disc
of the Sun (transit).



--------------------------------------------------------------------------

       The next figure traces the geocentric path of Venus starting from an
inferior conjunction (transit) over a time interval of 4 years, ending by a
superior conjunction (Venus is behind the Sun). There are 13 node passages of
Venus:


       Choose  from the time interval menu to get this drawing.

       The out most horizontal distance between the Sun and Venus is determined
by the maximum elongation angle (46° neglecting the small orbit eccentricity of
the Earth and Venus):


       The maximum vertical angle may be up to 9.6° for Venus, and 6° for
Mercury. To see a transit this angle must be smaller than 0,25° (radius of the
Sun), i.e. Venus has to pass a node.




--------------------------------------------------------------------------

       The geocentric path of Venus starting from an inferior conjunction during
a time interval of 8 years ends by another inferior conjunction (transit):




--------------------------------------------------------------------------

       The (sidereal) orbit period of Venus is TV=224.701 days, and TE=365.256
days for the Earth. The time interval T between two inferior conjunctions is:


       1/T = 1/TV- 1/TE or T = TVTE/(TV-TE) = 583.92 days
       After 8 years Venus will be back at the starting point with a difference
of only 2.5 days:

         5 x 583.92    d = 2,919.6  d
         8 x 365.25636 d = 2,922.05 d
       The coincidence is better after a period of 243 years:

         152 x 583.92    d = 88,755.8 d
         243 x 365.25636 d = 88,757.3 d
       Four transits will happen within 243 years following a transit:

       8 years + 121 1/2 years + 8 years + 105 1/2 years = 243 years
       5 syn. per. + 76 syn. per. + 5 syn. per. + 66 syn. per. = 152 synodic
periods






[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Kanthkot (P) : Population 2,246.  Kanthkot 23.29N - 70.29E (Kanthkot.doc
attached for diagram - picture)



1) The place is importantly placed on 23.29N so as to measure sun and Earth’s
movements and rate of movements.



2) Place do not need to level or plumbing measurements as wheels of the RATH
(chariots of SUN) are places in vertical pluming positions and E => W
directions.



3) Wheel does work as auto sundial and time measurement clocks. And so at Local
NOON time shadow of Axis @ Centre of Wheel goes down to wheel in right plumbing
direction. (Measurement scale bids are in place).




4) Angle measurement of the Sun – and the Earth Place is easy to measure at
Local NOON time and at any time. With Auto sundial wheels as Do not need to
complex calculation as Sun dial wheel is Round placed.



5) wheel size are selected such a way that gives perfection of angles very easy
to understand.





Kanthkot is an old fort about 5 km circularly situated on the top of an isolated
rocky hill. This place was the capital of Kathis in 8th century and it was taken
from them by the Chavdas. After the Chavdas, the Solankis came and after them
the Vaghelas. Mod befriended Vaghela who not only gave Kanthkot but also his
daughter in marriage to Mod’s son Sad. Sad lived in Kanthkot and made it his
capital. Sad’s son Ful named the fort Kanthadurg.

Bhimdev sought shelter from Mahmud of Ghazni in 11th century at Kanthkot. In
1816 it surrendered to the British who razed it to the ground. On the hill are
remains of three temples of which one is dedicated to the ascetic Kanthadnath,
the second a Jain temple and the third a temple of the sun.

Interested Military personals, archaeologist, curators and science and astronomy
Lovers are willing to Join to visit the place - all are welcome.

Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/
 
http://www.gujaratplus.com/mypage/WelCOME_to_the_Board_of_Science_Group_Of_INDIA\
_2004.html

http://www.gujaratplus.com/mypage/Welcome_to_the_Board_of_"_Kutch_Science_Founda\
tion_".html
http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science
Group of India & kutch science foundation and ALSO JOIN US.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

From: KutchScience
To: Venustransit@yahoogroups.com ; astronomyclubindia
Sent: Sunday, March 21, 2004 5:13 PM
Subject: Analyais for angle measurement of Meghpar


Dear Science and Astronomy friends,
Congratulations dosto.:
MEGHPAR - Gadhwaliwadi 23.30N - 69.03E     Narapa 23.34N - 69.05E     Vada
23.34N - 69.03E

As you must be aware of timing, Should you have taken in mind to take reading
round 12:51 and 12:52 for Bhuj and Naranpar Meghpar. Still Mean time of reading
12 and 14 can be placed as follows from selected below table.
13)  12:46:51 PM      21.8 cm

13a) -  12:49:58 pm mean time       21.3 cm mean size shadow

Mean time : of reading 12 and 14 can be calculated as : (12:56:04Pm) - (12:43:51
PM) /2 = (0:12:13)/2 = 6m:07sec added to result 12 time = 12:43:51 PM + 6m:07sec
= 12:49:58 PM

Similarly : Mean shadow length : of reading 11 to 14 can be calculated as :
12 & 13 as 0.5cm reduction @ 3 min interval: so expected at 12:49:51 21.8 -0.5 =
21.3 cm
and then reverse increase of 0.5 cm at 3 minute interval @ 12:52:51 back to 21.8
cm
and back to result 14 after another 3 minute interval @ 12:56:04 =22.3 cm.
But errors needs to be corrected. any way good attempt. best luck to correct
errors on next day for verification of results to remove errors.

Length of poll :-55.5cm
No:      Time              Length of Shadow
11)  12:40:06 PM      22.6 cm
12)  12:43:51 PM      22.3 cm
13)  12:46:51 PM      21.8 cm
14)  12:56:04 PM      22.3 cm



Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@y..., kutchscience@h...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/
http://www.gujaratplus.com/mypage/WelCOME_to_the_Board_of_Science_Grou
p_Of_INDIA\_2004.html
http://www.gujaratplus.com/mypage/Welcome_to_the_Board_of_"_Kutch_Scie
nce_Foundation_".html
http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj



Sent: Saturday, March 20, 2004 5:28 PM
Subject: Re: [kutchastronomyclub] Re
Dear friend Narendra.

             Today I measure the length of shadow in Meghpar ta:-Bhuj. I have
proud of being part of Earth radius measurement. The result of that event was
given below.

Length of poll :-55.5cm

No      Time     Length of Shadow

1        11:46:55 AM     31 cm
2        11:57:00 AM     29 cm
3        11:56:55 AM    28 cm
4        12:01:50 PM    27 cm
5        12:06:50 PM    26 cm
6        12:12:00 PM    25.2 cm
7        12:17:14 PM    24.5 cm
8        12:22:38 PM    23.9 cm
9        12:27:18 PM    23.1 cm
10      12:38:42 PM    22.8 cm
11      12:40:06 PM    22.6 cm
12      12:43:51 PM    22.3 cm
13      12:46:51 PM    21.8 cm
14      12:56:04 PM    22.3 cm
15      13:08:53 PM    22.5 cm
16      13:13:46 PM    22.6 cm

Your friend

Anil Darji



[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Dear docs, Science and Astronomy Friends,

As we discussed of radiation  hazards in space travel along with radiation along
with vibration & (DVT) hazards of daily flight travels in previous mails. AS we
are aware of space travel hazards we try to protect ourselves from that but do
we try to protect ourselves from daily flight problems?

Some extent we do try to protect our eyes as bright ness and  radiation of sun
at the height of 35-40 000 feet. but is the sufficient?
No because we are not aware of the problem to the full extent!

At the height of 35-40 000 feet radiation exposure is about 100 times than that
of at the Earth surface. and 5-6 hour long haul flight exposure is like about
the chest X-ray, so does the pregnant lady know about it? or what we do to
protect our selves from that radiation exposure?

as we discussed previously, most group is flight attendants and dangerous for
pilots!! now it will be necessary to wear a leaded underliners for such
personals to protect from such a hazards. so as to protect the chances of breast
cancer and foetus anomalies during CNS developments and 2-3 trimesters
developments


Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@y..., kutchscience@h...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/
http://www.gujaratplus.com/mypage/WelCOME_to_the_Board_of_Science_Grou
p_Of_INDIA\_2004.html
http://www.gujaratplus.com/mypage/Welcome_to_the_Board_of_"_Kutch_Scie
nce_Foundation_".html
http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

From:  kutchscience@hotmail KutchScience
http://in.photos.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh/vwp?.dir=/&.src=gr&.dnm=KANTHKOT\
-WheelSunDialof+SunTemple.jpg&.view=t&.done=http%3a//in.photos.groups.yahoo.com/\
group/kachchh/lst%3f%26.dir=/%26.src=gr%26.view=t
Sent: Thursday, March 18, 2004 12:34 PM
Subject: Kanthkot 23.29N - 70.29E temple of the sun.


Kanthkot (P) : Population 2,246.  Kanthkot 23.29N - 70.29E


Kanthkot is an old fort about 5 km circularly situated on the top of an isolated
rocky hill. This place was the captal iof Kathis in 8th century and it was taken
from them by the Chavdas. After the Chavdas, the Solankis came and after them
the Vaghelas. Mod befriended Vaghela who not only gave Kanthkot but also his
daughter in marriage to Mod’s

son Sad. Sad lived in Kanthkot and made it his capital. Sad’s son Ful named the
fort Kanthadurg.Bhimdev sought shelter from Mahmud of Ghazni in 11th century at
Kanthkot. In 1816 it surrendered to the British who razed it to the ground. On
the hill are remains of three temples of which one is dedicated to the ascetic
Kanthadnath, the second a Jain temple and the third a temple of the sun.

Interested Military personnels , archaeologist, curators and science and
astronomy Lovers are willing to Join to visit the place - all are welcome.

Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@y..., kutchscience@h...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/
http://www.gujaratplus.com/mypage/WelCOME_to_the_Board_of_Science_Grou
p_Of_INDIA\_2004.html
http://www.gujaratplus.com/mypage/Welcome_to_the_Board_of_"_Kutch_Scie
nce_Foundation_".html
http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj




[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Sent: Tuesday, March 16, 2004 11:35 AM
Subject: ANALYSIS of angle measurements! New Files uploaded @
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/files/


From: KutchScience
To: astronomyclubindia ; venustransit@yahoogroups.com ;
kutchastronomyclub@yahoogroups.com ; raamjoshee@... ;
rakesh_jain_22@...
Sent: Tuesday, March 16, 2004 11:11 AM

No attempts go in vein, angle measurement is the primary requirement. and if we
get any help with ground surveying (with plum and levelling and masonry right
angle instruments - that will be good). some one dislike such an action but
that's the base of study BHUGOL with the theodollite experiments. and that will
be beneficial for KHAGOL sky surveying techniques with telescopic surveying of
the sky. we can utilise our efforts to understand rather than avoiding in words.
I like to tap the back of doing right things, and I wish I will do, for who done
good. but criticism always follows after the invalid action and not before that.
and we should not to turn our back each time. and also that is not to be
considered to be hitting back on the BACK. if that was the case before the
action is a bad grudge. nor this type of sentence show maturity to understand
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/VenusTransit/message/350 - saying  "What one
could, however, do is add one line - visit for xyz and end it at that". I do not
wish to discuss medical topic but We call in medical terms a Knee jerk psy
thoughts.

From: KUTCHSCIENCE

Sent: Monday, March 08, 2004 3:00 PM
Subject: New Files uploades @
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/files/

Dear Raam Joshee and Science and Astronomy friends,

Nothing goes in Vein if done properly but needs to do know how? Never wish to
discourage any one but do criticise and show the right way to realise the
difference between what is right and what is wrong?

Much more are in the net (please Do copy Whole URL links as it may break-up long
lines in 2 or 3 parts in mail delivery system)

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/astronomyclubindia/message/1644

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/astronomyclubindia/message/1741

http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/files/

http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/links/

Transit of Venus 2004 The own geographical positions.doc
http://f4.grp.yahoofs.com/v1/4LZVQEuioz9J35qvQHIj34rs-xTxaw9H9nIeb_JvsN4DGED7pWm\
r9-OGeqHvQv3-kXPJawT1UGOzQRkfdKNzNA/Transit%20of%20Venus%202004%20The%20angular%\
20radius%20of%20the%20sun.doc

Transit of Venus 2004 The own geographical positions.doc

http://f5.grp.yahoofs.com/v1/4LZVQAL2xjFJ35qvZvm-agCS0yzLYjL5crhm3adIH09QRYtqlqc\
UV1WBYCCC-pLp_lVe4PJXljAAhngoi5W0Yw/Transit%20of%20Venus%202004%20The%20own%20ge\
ographical%20positions.doc

Transit of Venus 2004 The radius of Venus' orbit.doc
http://f2.grp.yahoofs.com/v1/4LZVQDjem7tJ35qvdWCmTsljnG_XNiIJxfx3bEKj-KZqz_BMpcn\
bZuZYxQITafPoeSdSQEWPzwVO20YUdkwlVA/Transit%20of%20Venus%202004%20The%20radius%2\
0of%20Venus%27%20orbit.doc

Transit of Venus 2004 The radius of the earth.doc
http://f3.grp.yahoofs.com/v1/4LZVQFFfJXxJ35qv5uzEaO6c2Nr_LJFYNhRHyksesNtsbrjABYD\
vdegd6lgsp2KjjJUaeiddaoMyp4X5fq4PeA/Transit%20of%20Venus%202004%20The%20radius%2\
0of%20the%20earth.doc

Dear Narendra,

ANALYSIS of angle measurements!   Only experiment makes us to know - not tables
or toys of gps.

For understanding the Timing I just put a simplified way for the students, so
students can understand or realise. In past astrologers used to use to calculate
LAGNAM on Local timings now all used to internet and computers and Narengra can
understand Very well as he is familiar with that astrology, Only practical
experience will help to locate our selves. I do not argue with ready made
http://www.srrb.noaa.gov/highlights/sunrise/sunrise.html  tables,  as all such
are available in All PANCHANGAs and also in software calculations. and What all
do is Just use such ready made info or put forward the theory so satisfy
ourselves and do not attempt to calculate or try to realise what and how could
it be?  but do not rely on their errors or hiccups of software not even toys or
GPS, gps and satellite don't have thinking and decision taking as in artificial
intelligence to realise changing circumstances as human brain can do that, so we
better use our brain and such an artificial intelligent satellite will be in
orbit after few time. WE never go wrong if we use SUN dial when we do
experiments. SUN never goes Wrong. So wish some one will try to understand
previous readings too.  http://groups.yahoo.com/group/VenusTransit/message/534
and to simplify and avoid such hard understanding I suggested to use DELHI AND
JAIPUR Jantar Mantar

(TO SIMPLIFY MORE and Easy work, Let One OR BOTH be of the "N" OR "S" be Either
Delhi Jantar Mantar or JAIPUR - JANTAR MANTAR. We are very rich in our Astronomy
engineering - particularly JAIPUR is the Richest in that sense. Jaipur has very
good working observatory (VEDH SHALA) with guiding facility)
(Delhi and Jaipur observatory – Vedh Shala are constructed such a way that it
can work locally @ that Longitude Latitude and also at a LOCAL time of that
place. So we do not need to find the place location of Longitude-Latitude while
working there nor the local time of that working place (Auto Sun Dial activity)–
nor we need toys like GPS nor sophisticated instruments. Not only that but many
of such astronomical activities – One like coming VENUS TRANSIT on 8 June 2004
also needs to be observed and activity to be worked in same environment such as
Local time and longitude Latitude, so many of planetarium places and activity
are just nothing in comparisons to such VITAL places as others has to use their
toys of GPS and telescopic compass and Levelling like a Theodolites). So if we
use this place on the day 8 June2004 for a Venus Transit time activity
– as Venus transit is the phenomenon of the place of JANTAR MANTAR – so as
people will realize
the importance of such a place who even Astronomy lovers who forgot that place &
its importance.

That is why I always suggested to Locate the experiment place before doing any
further. Means same way we measure LONGITUDE before Latitude so It gives Idea of
LOCAL NOON by SUN dial. so we know whether the place of experiment was +1
/-1'(Location Bhuj Kutch will be 23 - 18 N. 69 - 42 E.)as Bhuj extends 8km LONG
-EW = about 5'. (so we are not sure of the Geographic situation to be accurate
to eliminate errors) SIMILARLY it apply to all places - Indore 22.44 E 75.50 N
to Rakesh Jain too WISH YOU ALL GOOD LUCK and with exiting Results. Do take
andvatage of 20-21 march for advantage of SUN on Equator.


We need to understand more in detail the Architectural engineering of SUN temple
of Konark , Modhera, KANTH KOT of KUTCH which is on the line of tropical of
cancer. so it has very fundamental importance. but very few know that or visited
that. and hardly understood the fact.

Your experiment results are good and suggest that shortest shadow was at right
time of LOCAL NOON (take a mean time) and wish you do similar experiment Few
kilometres North or south of that which you can measure the distance and see the
difference of angle to measure actual circumference and the diameter of Earth. 
and that the way evaluate to learn? and that's not to say that the earth radius
is Accurate (as that derived from Earth radius and circumference of the Earth
back to calculated where it was Earth radius and circumference of the Earth -
for a test IF WE presume the circumference of the earth 20000 km and we will end
up with coming back to circumference 20000Km ) that does not mean angle
measurement was wrong But as it came to same figure we started it says that
Angle measurement was reasonably GOOD. similarly second reading needs to know
the delta Theta Angle ( difference of the angle and measured base of
trigonometry - distance of two location of the experiments) so you will know
your results of real measurements of the Earth

And you can realise when the shadow is shortest!! and we know when?its only when
you do that!!  That is the right time to measure as @
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchastronomyclub/message/240
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchastronomyclub/message/246
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchastronomyclub/message/220
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchastronomyclub/message/202

       Date:  Sat Mar 6, 2004  9:54 pm
       Subject:  New Files uploades @
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/files/

       Dear Science and astronomy friends,

       New Files uploades @
       http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/files/ in the
       groups &Links

       http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/links/
       http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/

       LOOKTransit.doc (Always use Proper Filters to save your EYE)
       ! Will the VENUS TRANSIT be VISIBLE without Optical aids?-
       http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
       Transit Observer.htm
       Simulation of Transits
       Transit of Venus 2004 The angular radius of the sun.doc
       Transit of Venus 2004 The angular radius of the sun
       Transit of Venus 2004 The own geographical positions.doc
       Transit of Venus 2004 The own geographical positions
       Transit of Venus 2004 The radius of Venus' orbit.doc
       Transit of Venus 2004 The radius of Venu's orbit
       Transit of Venus 2004 The radius of the earth.doc
       Transit of Venus 2004 The radius of the earth
       Transit of Venus 2004 The transit of Mercury 2003.doc
       Transit of Venus 2004 The transit of Mercury 2003
       TransitPlace.doc
       What will be the best place and the time to see the venus transit
       Transittime.doc
       Venus Transit times of some of main cities of India


       Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
       http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
       President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
       Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
       Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
       kutchscience@y..., kutchscience@h...,
       http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/
       http://www.gujaratplus.com/mypage/WelCOME_to_the_Board_of_Science_Grou
       p_Of_INDIA\_2004.html
       http://www.gujaratplus.com/mypage/Welcome_to_the_Board_of_"_Kutch_Scie
       nce_Foundation_".html
       http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
       http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
       http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
       http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
       http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh
       http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj





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BBC NEWS | Science/Nature | Beagle descent possibly too fastFrom:
astronomyclubindia ; Science CITY GUJARAT ; Vigyan Prasar ;
space-india.org@delhi
Sent: Monday, March 08, 2004 6:13 PM
Subject: BBC NEWS Science-Nature Beagle descent possibly too fast.htm


       Beagle descent possibly too fast


             A heat shield was designed to protect Beagle during descent
       The Beagle 2 lander could have crashed into Mars because the atmosphere on
the planet was less dense than expected.
       Mission scientists told a London meeting the probe may simply have been
going too fast for its parachute and airbags to bring about a soft landing.

       The Royal Society conference also heard photographic evidence had found
four bright spots, dubbed the "string of pearls", on the surface of the planet.

       Scientists are studying the images to see if they show the lander's
remains.

       They want to know if the spots are the probe's airbags and chute or are
merely an artefact of the imaging process.

       The Beagle team, led by Professor Colin Pillinger, told the society the
latter was probably the case.

       Reduced density

       Readings of the Martian atmosphere taken on the day Beagle 2 was due to
land were obtained by the Mars Express orbiter, using its Spicam Ultraviolet and
Infrared Atmospheric Spectrometer.

       "The Spicam data shows that there was considerably reduced atmospheric
density at 30-40km above the surface," said Beagle 2 mission manager Dr Mark
Sims.

       "We now need to find out where (on Mars) that measurement was taken. If
that was true of the Beagle 2 landing site we might have ended up with a
situation where we didn't turn the radar altimeter on."

       This radar altimeter was supposed to prompt Beagle to deploy its airbags
once it reached 200m above the surface. But if Beagle was travelling too fast,
they might not have deployed.

       Without airbags to cushion the landing, Beagle 2 would simply have crashed
into the Martian dust.

       However the Spicam data from Mars Express is contradicted by readings from
Nasa's Mars Odyssey spacecraft, which did not show greatly lowered atmospheric
density on Mars.

       Dr Sims said that if Beagle's chute deployed properly it would have been
travelling towards the surface at 16m/s. A failure involving the parachutes
higher in the atmosphere might have meant Beagle approached Mars at up to 6km/s.

       Dr Sims said turbulence high in the atmosphere could also have caused the
craft problems as it approached the surface.

       High velocity

       Beagle 2 was targeted to land in a large lowland basin called Isidis
Planitia at 0254 GMT on 25 December.

       It was designed to look for past or present life.

       No signal has ever been detected from the craft to indicate it got down
safely, and all attempts to locate the probe with Mars obiters and radio
telescopes on Earth have failed.

       The idea that Beagle may have had too high a velocity as it approached the
surface of Mars is not a huge surprise.

       The US space agency also reported a less dense atmosphere than expected on
the entry of its first rover, Spirit.

       This was explained by the dust storm activity on the planet at the time
which acted to warm the atmosphere.

       The Nasa vehicle managed to get down safely thanks to its chute,
retro-rockets and robust airbag system.

       Even so, the entry parameters for the second rover, Opportunity, were
changed as a result. This was deemed particularly important because Opportunity
was aimed at a higher altitude target.

       The meeting was also told that an unidentified object could be seen in the
image taken immediately after Beagle was ejected from its mothership, Mars
Express, five days prior to the landing attempt.

       Scientists said this needed further investigation.






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Dear Science and astronomy friends,

New Files uploades @ http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/files/
in the groups &Links

http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/links/  
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/

      File Name LOOKTransit.doc (Always use Proper Filters to save your EYE)
       ! Will the VENUS TRANSIT be VISIBLE without Optical aids?-
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
            Transit Observer.htm
             Simulation of Transits

            Transit of Venus 2004 The angular radius of the sun.doc
             Transit of Venus 2004 The angular radius of the sun
            Transit of Venus 2004 The own geographical positions.doc
             Transit of Venus 2004 The own geographical positions
            Transit of Venus 2004 The radius of Venus' orbit.doc
             Transit of Venus 2004 The radius of Venu's orbit
            Transit of Venus 2004 The radius of the earth.doc
             Transit of Venus 2004 The radius of the earth
            Transit of Venus 2004 The transit of Mercury 2003.doc
             Transit of Venus 2004 The transit of Mercury 2003
            TransitPlace.doc
             What will be the best place and the time to see the venus transit
       Transittime.doc
       Venus Transit times of some of main cities of India


Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/
http://www.gujaratplus.com/mypage/WelCOME_to_the_Board_of_Science_Group_Of_INDIA\
\_2004.html
http://www.gujaratplus.com/mypage/Welcome_to_the_Board_of_"_Kutch_Science_Founda\
tion_".html
http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj

Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science Group of India
& kutch science foundation and ALSO JOIN US.




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From: KutchScience

Wish you Happy "Holi" and happy "DHULETI " to you all

Dr. BHUDIA.- Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/links/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
Just click on  web page: http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/
http://www.gujaratplus.com/mypage/WelCOME_to_the_Board_of_Science_Group_Of_INDIA\
_2004.htmlhttp://www.gujaratplus.com/mypage/Welcome_to_the_Board_of_"_Kutch_Scie\
nce_Foundation_".html
http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj





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Dear Science & Astronomy friends,

U Can take a SAMADHi and see the Sun from planet Earth to see the venus transit
on 8 JUNE04. Do not worry If you do not know how to take SAMADHI - NASA is ready
for you take SAMADHI for you @ http://samadhi.jpl.nasa.gov/ just use that
simulation CALLED SAMADHI and you know what is SAMADHI!

"Please copy whole Link URL and paste to get the file":

ALL LINKS http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/links/

1) KutchScience VideoLibrary index sorted by CASSATTEs code

http://f1.grp.yahoofs.com/v1/oD86QKQ3wNcgwHUG_9xMNORr9ydBY-7d24UZ7eV4r7oNi7z6Qhu\
hbo_r90XrOXwgrKBHXHvCpk2CNUphRiHS/KutchScienceVideoLibrary%20CASSATTEs.doc

Kutch Science Foundation Video Library index sorted by CASSATTEs coding

2) KutchScience VideoLibrary index sorted by SUBJECTs

http://f4.grp.yahoofs.com/v1/UBg5QB6o3dbQsZ-bavOBouW8KV813qYK4761PTZA9yw8O3cYr3f\
f-XTkj9nHN0nv2ZjXdLguvWYM7biS3cO_/KutchScience%20VideoLibrary%20SUBJECTs.doc

Kutch Science Foundation Video Library index sorted by SUBJECTs


From yours Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/
http://www.gujaratplus.com/mypage/WelCOME_to_the_Board_of_Science_Group_Of_INDIA\
\_2004.html
http://www.gujaratplus.com/mypage/Welcome_to_the_Board_of_"_Kutch_Science_Founda\
tion_".html
http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj

Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science Group of India
& kutch science foundation and ALSO JOIN US freely.




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Astronomy On-Line: How to measure the size of the EarthFrom: hpatel63
To: astronomyclubindia kutchastronomersclub
Sent: Friday, February 27, 2004 1:34 PM
Subject: FW : Astronomy On-Line How to measure the size of the Earth.htm


HOPE EVERY ONE FIND the SOLUTION
How to measure the size of the Earth
This project invites you to measure the circumference of the Earth, in a
collaboration with other Astronomy On-Line groups. To do so, you will have to
read carefully the instructions given here and then to contact other groups
which are interested in this type of project.

You may wish to contact actively those groups which are located more or less at
the same geographical longitude as your own. But this is not an absolute
condition.

You may also place a message about your interest in the Astronomy On-Line
Communications Archive. You may do so via the Marketplace (Group Communications'
Shop).

The measurement is not very difficult, and as long as the weather is not too bad
and you can see the Sun, you should be able to obtain quite accurate results.

The organisers shall be happy to hear about your experience and look forward to
your report(s). They will be brought in the Astronomy On-Line Newspaper.

Good luck!

From November 17, you may find the provisional report about this project here.

How big is the Earth?
Before Man started pondering over the question, it undoubtedly had been
necessary to realize first that Earth was spherical. This can easily be
understood during an eclipse of the Moon when one can see that the shadow cast
by Earth on the Moon is a portion of a disk.

Aristotle, the famous Greek natural philosopher, reports that mathematicians had
allegedly evaluated the dimension of Earth at 40.000 stadia, adding: `From their
supposition, it follows that the shape of Earth must be a sphere and also that
its size be small relative to the distance of other celestial bodies.'

It was generally agreed upon that measuring the size of Earth could be done by
measuring the altitude of a star from two cities situated on the same meridian.

Then, a difference expressed in degrees would be found. If the distance between
the two cities was known, from estimates by caravaneers for instance, it would
then be possible to find the value of a degree of meridian and hence derive the
value of the terrestrial circumference.

The stadium, Aristotle's unit length, apparently corresponds to 185 meters, so
the value of 74.000 km thus obtained is much too high. Archimedes, in his
treatise De Arenae Numero [On the number of sand grains] quotes a value of
300.000 stadia for the terrestrial circumference. This means that the
measurement must have been attempted several times.

Eratosthenes' measurement
Because he had been appointed Director to the Great Library at Alexandria by
Ptolemaeus III Evergetes, Eratosthenes had an access to innumerable sources of
knowledge.

He apparently made use of writings by Posidonius and reasoned thus:

   a.. From his readings, he had learnt that once a year (on the day of the
Summer solstice), the bottom of a well situated at Syene in Upper Egypt was
illuminated by the Sun;
   b.. However, at Alexandria, this never happened: obelisks always cast a
shadow;
   c.. He believed that Earth was a sphere;
   d.. He assumed that Alexandria and Syene were on the same meridian;
   e.. He knew (or better, he assumed) that the distance between the two cities
was 5,000 stadia (as caravans covered the distance in 50 days at a rate of 100
stadia a day);
   f.. He postulated that sunrays reached Earth as parallel beams (an idea that
was commonly held by the mathematicians of his time).
       Information on ERATOSTHENES
         a.. Born at Cyrene 275 BC
         b.. Studied at Alexandria and Athens
         c.. Appointed Director of the Alexandrian Library 236 BC
         d.. Got blind 195 BC
         e.. Starved himself to death 194 BC


So, on solstice day, he decided to measure the length of the meridian shadow
cast by a gnomon at Alexandria. He found a value of 1/50th of a circumference
(i.e. 7o 12') and derived the value of the terrestrial circumference: 50 x 5.000
= 250.000 stadia. Although our idea of the exact value of the stadium (which was
not the same at Athens, Alexandria or Rome) is fairly hazy, this puts the
terrestrial circumference at 40.000 km. The result is remarkable, although
several errors were introduced in the calculations:

   a.. The distance between Alexandria and Syene is 729 km, not 800;
   b.. The two cities are not on the same meridian (the difference in longitude
is 3o);
   c.. Syene is not on the Tropic of Cancer (it is situated 55 km farther North);
   d.. The angular difference is not 7o 12' but 7o 5'.
The most extraordinary thing is that the measurement rests on the estimated
average speed of a caravan of camels: one can certainly do better in the matter
of accuracy. Yet, in spite of all these flaws, it worked fine: around 250 BC,
Earth had at last a size.



Figure 1





Figure 2

Picard's measurement
The idea of measuring Earth kept running in the minds of scientists but there
was no improvement in the accuracy of the measurements until Galileo and the use
of the telescope for astronomical purposes. A few years later, a team of the
Royal Academy of Sciences in Paris decided to measure the value of the
terrestrial radius. Picard, who had been assigned the task, was to measure as
accurately as possible the linear distance between two points situated onthe
same meridian and whose latitudes differed by 1o. Then the distance that had
been measured would be multiplied by 360, thus yielding the value of the
terrestrial circumference.

The limits of the arc to be measured were 6 km from LaFert-Alais, a small city
North of Paris on one side and 20 km south of Amiens on the other side. The
problem was to use a unit length that would be accepted by everybody. Picard's
idea was quite clever: using the length of a pendulum oscillating seconds (mean
solar time). Unfortunately, he did not know that the length of such a pendulum
varies with latitude, which ruined all his efforts.

Anyhow, with a rigorous method and a concern for accuracy that remain exemplary,
he set to work finally publishing in 1671 a treatise of about 30 pages, entitled
Mesure de la Terre [The measurement of Earth]. The length of a degree of
meridian was set at 57.057 toises, i.e. between 111 and 112 km, corresponding to
a terrestrial radius of 6372 km.(1)

Earth had at last been measured with some more accuracy but there remained a lot
to discover.

A "revolutionary" Earth
The French Revolution burst out at the end of the XVIIIth century and it
established a new system of scientific education. Important decisions were made
regarding the units of measurements. To define the meter, the new universal
standard, it was decided to measure a part of a terrestrial meridian. The
adventurous task was led by Jean-Baptiste Delambre and Pierre Mechain, from 1792
to 1799, between Dunkirk (northern end) to Perpignan (southern end).

Similar missions had previously taken place:

   a.. in Lapland, with Maupertuis, Clairaut, Camus and Lemonnier;
   b.. in Peru, with Godin, Bouguer, la Condamine and one of the Jussieu
brothers.
Much later, on September 3, 1957, the Toronto Colloquium of the International
Association of Geodesy and Geophysics assessed the results of three centuries of
measurements:

   a.. semi-major axis of the reference ellipsoid: 6 378 245 m
   b.. polar flattening: 1/298.3
Since then, the problem has been dealt with the help of satellites, and as the
measurements became more and more accurate, it became more and more complex. But
this is another story!

Determinations of the polar flattening through the centuries
         Newton: 1/230
      Huygens: 1/578
       1733 Cassini: -1/284
       1737 Maupertuis: 1/178
       1810 Delambre: 1/308
       1841 Bessel: 1/299
       1880 Clarke: 1/293
       1924 Hayford: 1/297
       1957 I.A.G. 1/298.257



--------------------------------------------------------------------------------



Figure 3: During an eclipse of the Moon, it is possible to evaluate the ratio
between the size of Earth's shadow and the size of the Moon (LUN207).


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------



Figure 4: Seen from space, Earth seems to be an ideal sphere, but an improvement
in the accuracy of the measurements has shown that this ideal shape was a mere
appearance. The polar flattening can hardly be noticed on the image, but
remote-sensing satellites can measure it (TER207).


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------



Figure 5: Thanks to remote-sensing satellites as ERS1, a new vision of Earth is
now available. They can monitor variations over more restricted zones as on this
view showing the Atlantic Ocean (ATER0439).


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The codes in the figure captions above correspond to references in the Geospace
Picture Library (address below). These images have been digitized for inserting
in a text file. Click on the images to see larger JPG-versions (but beware of
the sizes of those files (14k, 144k, and 70k, respectively)!


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Annotation:
(1) These values can be compared with present measurements, i.e.

       - mean equatorial radius: 6378 km
       - mean polar radius: 6357 km


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

How two groups may measure the size of the Earth
Here is then how your group, together with another group, will be able to repeat
this fundamental measurement.

   a.. Requisites
   2 vertical poles of the same height (think of sports equipment's), one for
each site. 1 telephone set or any computer allowing an Internet login.

   b.. Method
   In two separate sites distant of at least a few hundreds of kilometers and
situated on the same meridian (say, for example: Lille and Montpellier in
France), on any given day and at the same time, the shadows cast by the Sun are
measured and the results are shared through a telephone or Internet link. If the
two cites are on a different meridian, the mathematics involved will be a little
more complicated.

   c.. Calculation
   As in the case of Eratosthene's experiment, there is very little math
involved. Angle A = angle (l) measured on one site - angle (m) measured on the
other site
        = l - m





   Figure 6

   A represents a part of the terrestrial circumference. The only thing to do is
then to extrapolate, knowing the distance ML between the two sites.





--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Please direct all enquiries and also send your results to:

       Contact: Dr. Bernard Pellequer
       National Representative of EAAE in France
       Geospace, Observatoire d'Aniane
      Tel: +33 (0)4 67 04 02 22 Fax: 33 (0)4 67 54 26 75
      e-mail: bernard.pellequer@...
       Website 1: www.eaae-france.org
       Website 2: www.geospace-online.com/index_en.htm


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Astronomy On-line | EAAE | ESO | Help | Search
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Send comments to <Richard.West@...>



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Dear Science and Astronomy Friends,



(I am just giving my experience of UFO and wish you pass comments and ideas for
finding the truth of that)



It was a JANMASTHANI, (1987) and the place was MADHAPAR town near BHUJ - city of
earthquake in KUTCH of Gujarat state in western India.  This year there was no
rain in Kutch, but all of sudden wind changes direction from the north! at about
4 pm and dark clouds cover the whole sky and rain started at 5 Pm and the rain
poured for about half an hour to 40 minutes and more rain in southern mountain
range bring plenty of water in the dry lake of Hamisar of Bhuj.  Nearly at about
6 Pm clouds started to go away and still it was day light and some time to
sunset. Situation was getting back to about same as it was at the time of 4Pm of
the same day with a change in wind direction as normal. 6:30 Pm clouds breaks
and all of sudden a small light appears over heads far far high in the sky in
the broken clouds at about 6:40 Pm - and light intensity increases for some time
and becomes bigger and brighter.



But it was too early to see stars in the sky, still day light was there and not
even Planet Venus was visible at that time so what was that? Venus set before
the sun set and no way that was a natural celestial body! no major planets in
that position and nor the stars visible in day light. so must be an artificial ?
or a UFO?



The object light was not moving in either way in the wind or atmosphere of the
Earth- (None of E, W, N, S) but just synchronising the Earth's rotation towards
the west.  If it was some thing artificial (objects of aero dynamic) has to move
in either direction - can not stay stationary at same position,  if that was a
balloon light has to move in wind direction in the SW to NE. May it be an
artificial ? Lets check and get my Binoculars and see it with a close LOOK.



No - that was not so close - with binocular it looks bigger and so brighter too.
A bigger bright disk, but still not clear what it can be. was that some thing in
geo-synchronised stationary at that place? continued watching and showing all
children and neighbours and with aided views of binoculars. All enjoyed that and
it become so bright as was coming ONLY DOWNWARDS, every one enjoyed the
situation and it was going to be a sun set and will look nicer brighter in the
dark. !!!!



This thing only can be a UFO not moving in either direction or with wind but now
sun was set and was getting just darker but sky was clear and stars still just
to appear. and the object started to move ONLY UPWARDS and in Geo-synchronised
stationary  and getting dimmer now and it looks like a bright star in the sky
but no other stars in the sky. still waiting for stars to appear in the sky so I
can confirm that, that was really Geo-synchronised stationary in relation to
stars too.



yes getting bit darker and stars started to appear in the sky and Now UFO was
looking like a Brighter star among other stars but getting more and more dimmer
and going UPWARDS and UPWARDS to go to be fainter.



Nearly till 8:30 PM it looks like a other star,  gone UPWARDS far far away in
the real Geo-synchronised stationary positioned among the stars and fainted to
other stars and in the same position. and till 9:30 was visible and then got
much fainter and disappeared to naked eye object.



There has been previous sighting but different situation and this time it was
really made me thinking and realising how it behaves and travels (as if it was
electro magnetic travel UP and Down without affected by Earth movement or
Earth's atmosphere and environment and was not a planet or a STAR) but IT WAS A
UFO.





Dr. BHUDIA.- Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/

President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".

kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,

Just click on  web page: http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/

http://www.gujaratplus.com/mypage/WelCOME_to_the_Board_of_Science_Group_Of_INDIA\
_2004.htmlhttp://www.gujaratplus.com/mypage/Welcome_to_the_Board_of_"_Kutch_Scie\
nce_Foundation_".html


http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience 
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000

http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience

http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh

http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj


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Dear Science and astronomy Friends,



“SUN has Mean equatorial radius: 696000 km (109.1 x Earth) and about similar
times of (the Diameter of The SUN) away from the Earth”


FEB 2004) : Measuring the Earth:


How long will it take and how far we need to go to measure the Earth. Similar to
the experiment “4)” above can do all for you. But all need to do is use local
time. When sun comes over head (No east or No West). And select two place A & B
of at least 2 KM distance apart NORTH and SOUTH and do the measurement same time
at both place as follows.



We can use one control place “S” in South or “N” in North about 50 Km away to
correct any minor errors from short distance “2 KM” experiment.



Example of Latitudes longitude finding at the Local time. – for tropical of
cancer @ Local time you need to find the correct time when sun is on the head
with no shadows East or West. and need to be there at LOCAL time of 12:00 NOON
which may be 12 + MM depending on the place where you go – Longitudes.



Experiments done at the Place A & B on 12 Noon IST will have shadow towards
East/West. Depending your positions in India (West/ East of 82.5 E Longitude).
And so accordingly you will get shadow East/West.  Measure the length of that of
shadow of 3 Meter pole. and find the Tangent = shadow/ pole - will give u the
angle. Say example : shadow = 600 mm at that time. So 600/3000= 0.2

so anti tangent is an angle of 11o.30' degree. so you are 11..30' West/East of
IST line means IF shadow is East than U R WEST and at 82.30' - 11.30' =  71
degree East longitude.



(If shadow is in the EAST than - you are IN the East you need to do experiment
Next day  before 12 IST and preferably to start more than an hour before to set
up all arrangements)



Now u find exact time when to take results of the experiment. when there is no
shadow to the EAST/WEST - at 12Noon + (11.3o' x4) = @12 + 46 PM U have 46
minutes to do that. To take the next accurate place readings. When there is no
shadow in East/West but to the NORTH/SOUTH ONLY (depending your position North
or south of the SUN in India or in the world) at that place at that time. GPS
may be in correct to show that but not the SUN.



Now measure the length of the shadow in accuracy of mm fractions @places “A”,
“B” & “N” or “S”@ same time.



If the Difference of the length of shadow is 1mm at places “A” and “B” same time
at Local time when sun comes over head –(NO shadow on East or West) the
calculations will be simplified as follows.



Anti tan 1/3000 gives the angle made by shadow on the Earth surface gives the
angle = at the centre of the Earth by the 2 KM distance on the surface of the
EARTH. Eg about 1.1' (1+') and find the Circumference of the Earth = 360 degree.
(around 40000 Km)



Similarly Controlled reading at “N” / “S” will help you to find accuracy eg long
distance measure will give more accuracy than 2KM and correct your readings from
that 50 KM distance experiments. (that will give you about 23.5mm shadow
Difference than that of “A” and  23.5+1 mm than that of “B”) so calculate the
tangent and angle and circumference of the Earth and Diameter or R for the
Earth.

TO SIMLYFY MORE and Easy work, Let One of the "N" OR "S" be Either Delhi Jantar
Mantar or JAIPUR - JANTAR MANTAR.

We are very rich in our Astronomy engineering - particularly JAIPUR is the
Richest in that sense. Jaipur has very good working observatory (VEDH SHALA)
with guiding facility.



According to an expert guide (Hanumant Singh - also expert in astronomical
calculations)- that ancient observatory place can measure 1/6 of the second in
time and that is equal to 0' 2.5" size of the angle of the sky observation
accuracy. And that all works local timing and longitude - latitude of the place.
Only the persons required to work for it.



We should utilize that place with aided observation with Venus transit of 8 June
2004. TEAM A - working with Local observatory guides and Team B working with
OPTICAL aids at the same place to complementary work. That is the best place for
us to utilize the observation at that place and that is relay a Golden
opportunity for Jaipur and users too.



(Delhi and Jaipur observatory – Vedh Shala are constructed such a way that it
can work locally @ that Longitude Latitude and also at a LOCAL time of that
place. So we do not need to find the place location of  Longitude-Latitude while
working there nor the local time of that working place (Auto Sun Dial activity)
– nor we need toys like GPS nor sophisticated instruments. Not only that but
many of such astronomical activities – One like coming VENUS TRANSIT on 8 June
2004 also needs to be observed and activity to be worked in same environment
such as Local time and longitude Latitude, so many of planetarium places and
activity are just nothing in comparisons to such VITAL places as others has to
use their toys of GPS and telescopic compass and Leveling like a Theodolites).
So if we use this place on the day 8 June2004 for a Tenus Transit time activity
then instead of So called planetariums – as Venus transit is the phenomenon of
the place of JANTAR MANTAR and not Planeterium activity. – people will realize
the importance of such a place who even Astronomy lovers and planetarium
authority - who forgot that place and its importance.





World geometric dimension Table: created

       Earth’s Equatorial Diameter
      Equatorial Circumference 2D
      Earth’s Inter Polar Diameter
      Inter Polar Circumference 2D

       12756 Km (E to W)
      40053 KM (E to W)
      12714 K m (N to S)
      39900 KM (N to S)

       (E to W 23:30 N/S)
      (Using Tangent 23:30=0.917)



       360 degree @  23.5 Degree
      36730km@Tropic of Cancer 360 deg Round the Earth
      39900 KM Inter Polar

       1 Degree = 60 ‘ Mins /360
      =102 km = 64 Miles
      1 Degree = 60 ‘ Mins /360
      =110 km = 70 Miles

       1’ Min = 60 “ Secs    /60
      =1.7 KM =1.067 Miles
      1’ Min = 60 “ Secs    /60
      =1.84 KM =1.16 Miles


      =1700 M = 5632 Feet

      =1840 M = 6124 Feet

       1”Sec         /60
      28.3 M  =94 Feet
      1”Sec         /60
      30.8 M  =102 Feet

       = 37 adult steps
      = 18 Second’s walk
      = 40 adult steps
      = 20 Second’s walk


      1minute walk =300feets=92M

      1minute walk =300feets=92M


      1hour = 5.4 Km walk

      1hour = 5.4 Km walk






Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/
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http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
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Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science club of India, Science Group of India
& kutch science foundation and ALSO JOIN US.




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BBC Science - Your personal weekly newsletter
............................................

*ROUGH SCIENCE*
The final space challenges this week are all about rockets. The Rough
Science Team work on three different kinds, all fuelled by water. Find out
which rocket will blow everyone away. Jonathan's steam-driven rocket?
Kathy's pressure-powered rocket? Mike's hydrogen fuel combustion rocket?
Tune in to find out. Rough Science, Tuesday 10 February, 7.30pm, BBC Two. Go
to:
http://www.open2.net/roughscience4


*IN THE NEWS - HUMAN CLONING*
This week, the results of an attempt to clone the first human were
announced. The cloned embryo was implanted into the mother's womb, but she
did not become pregnant. Human cloning is illegal in the UK and scientists
are sceptical, but US fertility expert Panos Zavos remains determined to
succeed. Read more on BBCi Online. Go to:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/go/science/05news/-/news/1/hi/health/3459009.stm

Find out more about human cloning on our genes website. Go to:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/go/science/05genes/-/genes/


*SPACE - FLYING VISITS*
A speedy journey around the solar system is in store as Sam Neill looks for
a place where humans could survive when the Earth gets too hot. Will we soon
be living on Mars? How will we get there? Sam explores a spacecraft that
travels to distant stars with solar sails that harness the power of the sun.
Space - Flying Visits, Tuesday 10 February, 7.10pm & 7.20pm, BBC Two. Go to:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/go/science/05tv/-/science/space/spaceguide/space_prog/


*ARE YOU A WORRIER?*
Are you worried that your office could be making you ill? Feeling under the
weather at your desk? "Should I Worry About..." is a brand new BBC One
series which will tackle the issues that could be making YOU lose sleep.
Suffering from headaches, coughs and sniffles at work? Think the air
conditioning could be putting your health in a spin? Is your boss stressing
you out? We want to hear from you. Go to:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/go/science/05tv/-/health/contributors.shtml


*TV & RADIO LISTINGS*
For a complete list of this week's BBC science and nature programmes, go to:
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Dear Science and astronomy friends,

Many times we been asked that "will we be able to see VENUS transit without any
optical aids?" ANSWER is so simple but different for different individuals.!!!
Generally 5" arc size are appreciated for recognise the letters,  but line
thickness or DOTs of 1 to 2 " arc size can be seen by good eyes.

* (NEVER EXPERIMENT to see This by Telescope or Binoculars and without proper
filter protections it is DANGEROUS to YOUR EYE & may harm 2U.)

Different for individuals means depend on the persons eye's adaptability. and
practice. we some time do see Venus (Now a days) in a Broad day light and some
time even Jupiter. For such an experienced person VENUS transit is visible
without optical aids. (always use proper filters to protect your eyes)

Here is the Sun disk area of 25mm = 1 Inch size and appropriate size of the
VENUS, If you see the  that from distance of 110" INCH distance and if you see
the dot of Venus means your eye is adapted to see VENUS transit without optical
aids. (always use proper filters to protect your eyes) else you need some
magnification ranging from 1.5 to 3.

You can starch the diagram so as you can make it 100 mm disk size and VENUS 3mm
size but you need to go 4 times away = 11 Meter,  as you increased size by 4.

The Link below has a Picture which is also adjusted accordingly for 13" monitor
size - 25mm size of SUN disk and appropriate size of VENUS. so you can try there
too.

http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/ 
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/links    Also these linked
files has enlarged diagrams with details too.

From your Dr. BHUDIA.- Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/President:"Kutch Science
Foundation".Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".Life
Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad". kutchscience@...,
kutchscience@...,Just click on  web page:
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.gujaratplus.com/mypage/WelCOM\
E_to_the_Board_of_Science_Group_Of_INDIA_2004.htmlhttp://www.gujaratplus.com/myp\
age/Welcome_to_the_Board_of_"_Kutch_Science_Foundation_".html
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SUB: Which WAY IS FORWARD (VEDICs) and which way is backwards? ALL GOING 2
FORWARD 2 VEDICs http://clearwisdom.net/emh/articles/2002/7/4/23692.html

NASA Following too :
http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2004/23jan_entangled.htm?list577962

January 23, 2004:  Einstein called it "spooky action at a distance." Now
NASA-funded researchers are using an astonishing property of quantum mechanics
called "entanglement" to improve atomic clocks--humanity's most precise way to
measure time. Entangled clocks could be as much as 1000 times more stable than
their non-entangled counterparts.

This improvement would benefit pilots, farmers, hikers--in short, anyone who
uses the Global Positioning System (GPS). Each of the 24+ GPS satellites carries
four atomic clocks on board. By triangulating time signals broadcast from orbit,
GPS receivers on the ground can pinpoint their own location on Earth

THIS NASA LINK WILL LEAD TO : Right:  Quantum entanglement does some
mind-bending things. In this laser experiment entangled photons are "teleported"
from one place to another.

this laser experiment will lead to following URL link to :
http://clearwisdom.net/emh/articles/2002/7/4/23692.html
New Advance in Teleportation of Light Beam across Time and Space (Photo)

(Clearwisdom.net) According to a Reuter's report on June 17, 2002, a team of
physicists at the Australian National University announced that they had
successfully disembodied a laser beam containing encoded information at one end
of a fiber optic communication system and instantly rebuilt it one meter away at
the other end, using the technology known as quantum entanglement.


The theory of quantum teleportation is based on "the state of quantum
entanglement." In the field of quantum mechanics, scientists discovered that
microscopic particles are connected to each other with a mysterious
interrelationship. The interrelationship changes at a speed far exceeding that
of light in a vacuum, the known speed limit for matters interacting with each
other, according to the theory of relativity. Scientists are still puzzled by
the principles underpinning this mysterious interrelationship. In fact, this
ultra-light speed relationship exists not only in a microscopic dimension but
also in the macroscopic dimension.

People who are familiar with ancient Chinese science understand that many
astrologists in ancient history could predict the major events that were going
to happen within months or even in days according to the relative position of
stars. The stars they observed were several light-years to even millions of
light-years away from earth. How could the relative positions of stars so far
away relate to what was going to happen in the human world in such a short
period of time? Just like the mysterious instant relationship among microscopic
particles, the relationship between the stars and the human world is still an
enigma to modern science.

References:

1. http://www.cnn.com/2002/TECH/science/06/17/australia.teleporting.reut/

2. http://www.anu.edu.au/pad/media/specials/teleport.html

3. http://bohm.anu.edu.au/units/public/phys1007/s3296225/quantum.html

Posting date: 7/4/2002
Original article date: 7/1/2002
Category: Scientific Findings
Chinese version available at
http://www.minghui.org/mh/articles/2002/6/29/32547.html


Forwarded By Dr. BHUDIA.- Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/President:"Kutch Science
Foundation".Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".Life
Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad". kutchscience@...,
kutchscience@...,Just click on  web page:
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.gujaratplus.com/mypage/WelCOM\
E_to_the_Board_of_Science_Group_Of_INDIA_2004.htmlhttp://www.gujaratplus.com/myp\
age/Welcome_to_the_Board_of_"_Kutch_Science_Foundation_".html
http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience 
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
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From: kutchScience
To: kutchastronomersclub ; kutchsciencefoundation ; scienceclubofindia ; 
venustransit2004 ; spacepeople@yahoogroups ; astronomyclubindia Science CITY
GUJARAT ; Vigyan Prasar ; space-india.org@delhi
Sent: Friday, January 23, 2004 7:55 AM
Subject: Spirit - NASA Rover has failed to respond to earth since more than 36
hours.


Dear Science and astronomy friends,
NASA Rover has failed to respond to earth since more than 36 hours.

Its very sad that successful landing of NASA Spirit Rower probe on Mars followed
by failure of the communication . damage by meteor or dust? still don't know.
But drawback is that the failure of the future plan of inter communication
between two rovers "SPIRIT" and "Opportunity" has lost chance as one failed to
respond. Also No future chance to search Beagle2 Search communication.
Dr. BHUDIA.- Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/President:"Kutch Science
Foundation".Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".Life
Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad". kutchscience@...,
kutchscience@...,Just click on  web page:
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/http://www.gujaratplus.com/mypage/WelCOM\
E_to_the_Board_of_Science_Group_Of_INDIA_2004.htmlhttp://www.gujaratplus.com/myp\
age/Welcome_to_the_Board_of_"_Kutch_Science_Foundation_".html
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http://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/transit/TV2004/city-CAS.html
http://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/transit/TV2004.html#city
------------------- T r a n s i t   C o n t a c t s -------------------
Contact I      Contact II                    Contact III    Contact IV
------------   ------------   ------------   ------------   ------------Location
Name      Sunrise Sunset    External Sun   Internal Sun   Greatest Sun  
Internal Sun   External Sun                                     Ingress  Alt  
Ingress  Alt   Transit  Alt    Egress  Alt    Egress  Alt                      h
m   h  m      h  m  s  °     h  m  s  °     h  m  s  °     h  m  s  °     h  m 
s  ° I N D I A                 Agra                23:54  13:40     05:16:01  69
05:35:04  73   08:18:01  69   11:01:37  33   11:20:48  29 Ahmadabad          
00:23  13:54     05:16:24  64   05:35:25  69   08:18:37  74   11:02:15  37  
11:21:22  32 Allahabad           23:43  13:21     05:15:35  72   05:34:35  77  
08:17:39  66   11:01:30  29   11:20:42  25 Asansol             23:26  12:57    
05:15:00  77   05:33:58  81   08:17:08  61   11:01:20  24   11:20:32  20
Bangalore           00:19  13:18     05:15:31  66   05:34:24  70   08:18:14  67
11:02:44  29   11:21:46  25 Bombay              00:31  13:44     05:16:15  64  
05:35:13  68   08:18:39  73   11:02:33  35   11:21:38  31 Calcutta           
23:22  12:49     05:14:49  78   05:33:46  83   08:17:00  60   11:01:20  23  
11:20:32  18 Coimbatore          00:30  13:13     05:15:30  64   05:34:22  68  
08:18:19  66   11:02:57  29   11:21:58  25 Delhi               23:54  13:46    
05:16:09  68   05:35:13  72   08:18:05  69   11:01:34  34   11:20:46  30 Dhanbad
23:28  12:59     05:15:04  77   05:34:02  81   08:17:12  62   11:01:21  25  
11:20:34  20 Hyderabad           00:08  13:22     05:15:37  68   05:34:32  73  
08:18:04  68   11:02:19  30   11:21:24  25 Indore              00:12  13:39    
05:16:05  67   05:35:05  71   08:18:17  71   11:02:04  34   11:21:12  29
Jabalpur            23:55  13:24     05:15:41  71   05:34:40  75   08:17:51  67
11:01:47  30   11:20:56  26 Jaipur              00:03  13:48     05:16:13  67  
05:35:16  71   08:18:15  71   11:01:46  35   11:20:57  30 Kanpur             
23:46  13:29     05:15:46  71   05:34:48  75   08:17:48  67   11:01:31  31  
11:20:43  26 Kanpur              23:46  13:29     05:15:46  71   05:34:48  75  
08:17:48  67   11:01:31  31   11:20:43  26 Lucknow             23:41  13:29    
05:15:44  72   05:34:45  76   08:17:44  66   11:01:28  30   11:20:40  26 Madras
00:12  13:04     05:15:15  68   05:34:07  72   08:17:56  64   11:02:33  27  
11:21:36  22 Madurai             00:27  13:06     05:15:20  65   05:34:11  68  
08:18:13  65   11:02:58  28   11:21:58  23 Nagpur              00:02  13:23    
05:15:42  70   05:34:40  74   08:17:58  68   11:01:59  30   11:21:07  26 New
Delhi           23:52  13:49     05:16:09  68   05:35:12  72   08:18:06  69  
11:01:34  34   11:20:46  30 Patna               23:29  13:08     05:15:16  75  
05:34:16  80   08:17:19  63   11:01:18  26   11:20:31  22 Pune               
00:28  13:39     05:16:08  65   05:35:05  69   08:18:33  72   11:02:31  34  
11:21:36  30 Surat               00:27  13:48     05:16:19  64   05:35:19  69  
08:18:38  73   11:02:23  36   11:21:29  32 Varanasi            23:38  13:16    
05:15:28  73   05:34:28  78   08:17:32  65   11:01:27  28   11:20:39  24
Vishakhapatnam      23:52  12:59     05:15:08  73   05:34:02  77   08:17:33  63
11:01:59  26   11:21:06  21  Venus transit real time Simulation @
http://www.venus-transit.de/TransitObserver/index.htmlDr. BHUDIA.- Science Group
Of INDIA. http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/President:"Kutch
Science Foundation".Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj -
Kutch".Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad". kutchscience@...,
kutchscience@...,Just click on  web page:
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E_to_the_Board_of_Science_Group_Of_INDIA_2004.htmlhttp://www.gujaratplus.com/myp\
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Venus transit real time Simulation @
http://www.venus-transit.de/TransitObserver/index.html

Dr. BHUDIA.- Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/

President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".

kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,

Just click on  web page: http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/

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URL:COPY AND PASTE links :
http://f2.grp.yahoofs.com/v1/YLAJQNy-WRKy5aqGIjx6dRDCJ3c6c7DGde9Av-pcJe0srqOx8xL\
_bGf0K7G7aCKdCmO3a1dL-VmqH8towYE7nelXQciWhdjvWXasufCQtQ/TransitPlace.doc



Dear friend of science and astronomy,



We are very rich in our Astronomy engineering - particularly JAIPUR is the
Richest in that sense. Jaipur has very good working observatory with guiding
facility.



According to an expert guide (Hanumant Singh - also expert in astronomical
calculations)- that ancient observatory place can measure 1/6 of the second in
time and that is equal to 0' 2.5" size of the angle of the sky observation
accuracy. and that all works local timing and longitude - latitude of the place.
Only the persons required to work for it.



we should utilise that place with aided observation with Venus transit of 8 June
2004. TEAM A - working with Local observatory guides and Team B working with
OPTICAL aids at the same place to complementary work. That is the best place for
us to utilise the observation at that place and that is relay a Golden
opportunity for Jaipur and users too.



There is also similar place in Delhi - JANTAR MANTAR -but no guiding facility
and no users. Just a non working dead unit but - monument is live to work as
Jaipur. only lacks the users.



Relay it can be a golden day and golden opportunity for Delhi and the users if
they re-vitalise and re-utilise that place. but nobody thinks of it. not even
those people who are there and works for the similar purpose - we need to
re-wake them and so to revive the Observatory place and make it live JANTAR
MANTAR. Delhi also has Planetarium but lack of this vital understanding of the
use of resources. only we need to wake up Delhi, wake up wake up - good morning.



Dr.BHUDIA-Science Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".
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Dear Science and astronomy friends,

It is still too early to ask but still let us discuss what will be the best time
and places to observe the Venus transit?

Morning transit or evening transit? Clear sky or Hazy sky without clouds. and so
where we need to go to see the best?

Its good idea to think about of places and weather well in an advance before the
real phenomenon.

going back to the time of viewing the Venus transit - it will be convenient to
see in either at the place where Venus transit is in the morning time or in the
evening time. (Best will be transit with Sun rise as there will be a chance to
see all later phases of Venus
transit -later in the day)

If any one have a map of the transit where it will be visible in the morning
(with sun rise )and where in the evening (before sun set)time. that will be
better to observe the sun disk and transits of Venus with low light in morning
OR evening time. also that will give good view as that will give a wider pupil
view in the eye. and pleasant atmosphere too. bit hazy atmosphere with light fog
in air may improve the view as it gives partial filter effects.

but for that some one has to travel east or west depending of the location.

Some prefer to go to see shore- some to desert area like Kutch and some to Hill
station holiday to enjoy. But main problem is weather on the day - hope that do
not become cloudy at the time at that place.

Weather patterns nowadays are changing so unexpectedly that we can not judge the
weather in six months in advance. (generally kutch weather is clear sky in June
but last early June 2003 was well cloudy followed by plenty of rain for many
long days) so this type of changing weather pattern need to take an opinion from
weather expert well in advance but just 2-3 weeks before 8June. that will decide
where to go or not! and whether to go or not!

Time tables of some Venus transits:

       Year Begin End
       1518 4 Jun 22:25 5 Jun 5:34
       1526 2 Jun 16:10 2 Jun 22:19
       1631 7 Dec 3:37 7 Dec 7:04
       1639 4 Dec 14:51 4 Dec 22:02
       1761 6 Jun 1:55 6 Jun 8:43
       1769 3 Jun 19:08 4 Jun 1:42
       1874 9 Dec 1:38 9 Dec 6:36
       1882 6 Dec 13:48 6 Dec 20:22
       2004 8 Jun 5:07 8 Jun 11:33
       2012 5 Jun 22:03 6 Jun 4:56
       2117 10 Dec 23:54 11 Dec 5:50
       2125 8 Dec 13:10 8 Dec 19:01



Dr. BHUDIA.- Science Group Of INDIA.
President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".

kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,

Just click on  web page: http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/

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Dear Science and Astronomy friends,

There are many disputes, but seeing these its really looks that there are plenty
of Bluffs. recently NASA Declared galaxies are closing at the speed of 2000/s
!!! But No calculation proofs and no confirmation. We just blindly Believe BIG
names and even their bluffs and no one tries to make calculation check. Is there
any one can put some calculations? hope some one will find correction with proof
of calculations an not just Copy ditto of BIG NAMES information.

It has been found on statistics and graphical presentation that :
1)     Natural satellites are going round at near about 1- 4 km /s round the
planetary bodies.(Units speed) our Moon speed <1km /s.
2)     Planets are going round at near about 10- 40 km /s round the solar
systems.(tens speed) Earth 29-30 Km /s round the Sun.
3)     Solar Systems are going round at near about 100- 400 km /s round the
Galaxies. (Hundreds speed) solar system 280 km /s.
4)     Galaxies are going round at near about 1000+ km /s round (thousands
speed) NASA Declared galaxies are closing at the speed of 2000/s
5)     If anything (Universe) going 10000-40000 speed (in a muliverse system)
Multiverse system ?? be travelling 100000 - 400000 km /s ??????? That's not the
materialistic worlds ad 300000/s speed is the speed of energy not the
materialistic matter. (INVISIBLE)

http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia/message/6
February 14, 2002 "<br>Just last night -
scientist found that Remained SUN LIFE of our SUN star can
not be greater than 3BN years as the two galaxies
(Andromeda and Milky way are closing at the speed of 2000Km
/s * 3bn years =22Mn light years ) will destroy the
stars of galaxies and the sun will neither become white
dwarf nor the red Giant.<br><br>(Calculations: speed of
2000Km /s * 3bn yers =22Mn light years )

http://www.futuresedge.org/Colliding_galaxies_2.html
When will the next galaxy hit the Milky Way?  according to Dr. Sten Odenwald
with NASA's IMAGE/POETRY project:

"Well...The Milky Way is currently making a meal of the Large and Small
Magellanic Clouds and will probably finish digesting them in, say, 100 million
years or so. There are also several dwarf galaxies such as the Sagittarius
System that are also, apparently, waiting in the wings. The biggest, and most
spectacular, collision will be with the Andromeda Galaxy ( Messier 31) which is
due to visit us in about 2-3 billion years give or take a few millenia! It is
approaching the Milky Way at a speed of roughly 300 km/sec, so that in 1 billion
years it will be 300,000 parsecs closer ( roughly 1/2 its current distance). By
the time they are 100,000 parsecs apart, in about 2 billion years or so, massive
tidal gravitational effects will tear spiral arms apart and start to shred the
pinwheels from the outside-in."

What else?     from our prime-radiant site: notes on Colliding and the Fate of
the Milky Way (8/3/01)

http://www.newsandevents.utoronto.ca/bin/000414b.asp

The 2.2-million-light-year gap between the Milky Way and Andromeda is closing at
about 500,000 kilometres an hour, he explains. That pace will quicken as the two
galaxies near each other.


http://science.nasa.gov/newhome/headlines/ast15jul99_2.htm

Collisions are much rarer today than they were in the past, but not impossible.
Our own spiral galaxy, the Milky Way, is currently "eating up" several small
satellite galaxies. Within 5 to 10 billion years -- some computer simulations
show -- the Milky Way may collide with the Andromeda galaxy, and the result
would be an elliptical galaxy.

From Yours : Dr. BHUDIA.- Science Group Of INDIA.

President:"Kutch Science Foundation".
Founder :"Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club - Bhuj - Kutch".
Life Member:"kutch Itihaas Parishad".

kutchscience@..., kutchscience@...,

Just click on  web page: http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/

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